صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ʺ
ߣɫ
飺磬ԼС⣬˸üĿҲζ
ķϿټʱѾ̫ӡ
˶˵иȻ޸Ļӣȴֻ޴롣
ϰ߽ʳҲ黭绨ѩ£ֶдúã㴩ŻסйҲ㲻ʺ
ǽ̫Ľ̻壬ѧǣʣֱ˼ҵλ˶İ¹⡣֪ԭ˼Ҳǻһ˵ġ
˼ǰİ¹գӽգḀ̊́ҩԼιĺӡ
Ŵ˼˵ʺˣҪع
⹬еխأҪصǸʱĴƮСߵ
Ҳ˼
ģʼնǸصһۼ˾ϲòˡֻϧ뿪С뾩ʼѾˡ
*ܿա
*ѪġŰŮŰ
׷޻᳡ƾԲ


ô塶ʼ˶ɽɾ󡷣
ֻ꾫
ΪӮԼֶΰٰ㹴|ڴ˼õ䱦ҹ顣

޽ıҹգɹأѳᡣֻеسѣȥ檾

ĨᣬڶձЯ·ˡ

ʱ񣬲֪ߵغҲ֪ޡ
ֱɽĵʱ֪
綼Ҫġ
ݱǩ ͢ Ű
һ仰飺ұ
⣺һζúǨͲİ顣ҪȰԼ
1.   1    ͢Ĵ¡

01

յøѸǰӣתۼ

ϵˮһɽʪɫȹǸŴ۲ԶͷԪĴߴ£ȹڻشڱꡣ

ҿÿȥҲ죬ӦͣˡԪŲæص˱裬ƵǰȤ֪ռҲؼһʱ̡

ǿЦõغһۣԾɸŰ볨Ĵ⿴ȥ

Ŵ꣬ͷ̴жһĻææͲڸǡ
Զ㿴ˣ۴αȵ¥ӰӰ´¡

˵Ԫؿ˿ʵôѰɣ

£͸Щյ뾩֮ȴѿУ󲻹ǷЩ£Ѱŵġ
˵꣬ԹԵĥĥʱٸˡ

ǵȥ磬ЩԼѰ͢ôӹ㡣

ûʲô׳־ҲǿɻڴɢӾͦõġ

͢Ͽǰ˵úúõġ
ǸУҲá𴦸ҲգǶҲ޷ֻܻؼʲô

ʵϣֻ͢ڷŰӻһ顣˵ԼУûΣҲûİţֻ˵ǰڼеЩʱգȳ䶨

ʵڲ͢ķҪ֪ܵɲʱ

ǽŷȥ飬ϤּͿǣܾм䶼͸Ź죬Ӱ˵Ĵ⡣

ŵù͢ƷԼ۹⣬ڻ񻰱е֮Ҫ鸺ĺ
ֱϣ͢˳

ǡԪݻس˳µϷӸһ֮ԵԵɣԪһˡ

ƽգţû˼

һֱպҲǸ£Ԫ˵䣬ͬڴţͣж´ȥ¹ҲǺõġ

ðʱӦȥܷܷ

ܷܷ죬ĸĶŮ
ƫҲˣ֪Ӻŵ֪ܷܷ޹ȥǸ֪ܵ˵檡

ĸȥ磬ĸǴٳɴµʼٸߣܷܷţֻܳǺȾƶǮʱҹӵȡ

һûôŵĹŮӣһ·߹ǱŶĥòˣѪ߰ߣݸǱ

ǵ֪ȥ˺һ
һ磬ô̷򣬵ܷܷչ죬һҪǲסȵʱδܻס

ǡԪǷ֮Ծͬ˺ֱӴܷܷƽǡ

ܷܷ飬ϴ֮Σʱ䶼ڷϢûɵġֱ˴Ͻʵʵĵ֮ǺЩˡ

ܷܷɡ£ֵͷǿƽ̹ĳ֣ƽ㣬ǳ

֮£һɷƽ

´ţǵķɣ֪ۼţᵽνʳǡ

Ԫڳһ˾ռߣǰ·ͬǽžǷ
ԼɼɽǸƷ壬£ϵ¥̨ÿԪʱۺ󶼻̨֣ͬǰµ棬ǽ󣬸ŮǵױУҪмҵλκ֬ˮۡ

ҵжšȤشŽ棬ҲǴ

Ԫ֪е飬ղЦһȥأջҲ״Ԫ¥

λ״Ԫʮλۡ̽ʶϿľԸ໨ЩǮҲҪסڴˣǲòͷԪ°ͣͬЦڴ˴ø緹Ҳóû䡣

²ֽɡл
͢ǴӲЩġϲ徻֣ǵ״Ԫ¥˳ɻš

͢δԼھǾںδټĳҲ޴ֻ֣ҽ

Ԫᳵ·ص˲ˣȸǮС

ջСϵúܣһ𿪴Ŀƿʱ²ưۿǳϲգֵúܡ

Լҿһ䣬ŽԼ⡣

ֻʣСƱֻҪסġ˻ʰľӣҶһ

Ǳ֣֪͢ܣСĿлǲɱشЩϣ

һòǸӹɵˡ
ѩڷɫǵ˫β΢΢һۣ۲ӯӯһ

СĿ⿴һ˲ߵĻİ£ŵλ̹ӣӦǿջס

۽΢ԤϣʱҲ˵϶ʧֻʶ̾˿

Сͷ˵ҼǲҲ˵׼÷ٰȥ

Ǿˡǵ˾лعͷܷܷĿ⣬ЦҾǣôһˣܶ˲ɣʵڲУǮһ¹ٸҲʳ
ͲΪˣֻܺúóԺú棬Ȩɢĵġ

ܷܷŲŲҶƽġ

һӲˣƫͷȥͬԪϵˡ

ͣʷ磬ù󣬻СˡСؽˣǣֹ

ôˣü΢Цʲô£ֻ˵ǡ

Сڨڨҷȥˣר̷ǰƹ˾дĻʰ˷ûѰλ̹ӵ֡

֮Ҳ˵ֹ͢ûջסѹûϹʰûС


ʶķӦǣš
͢ĴڲԼ

Ǽװ׵дſˣм٣һ˵ˣҲûҪϳѡ

һԵԪüС磬Īǿ©ˣ

СҲ׼װõĲӵ˹ȻλԿ

ҧҧϽӹˣһҳҳš

᳭¼룬صɰջסľӡ
ǴͷβûϤգɫ֣ϸֽ߬š

統ͷȡ

ʵǰ벻Ϊ͢ᳶڲãȻ޴֮ǵǡ͢ںδʲô

˭ҲûϵˣԪܷܷ֪δž

ȴһһ˴

λڵӣſڵ˳дЩ΢ĲмЩۣ簡





2.   2    λӣ˼

02

֮ǰǿǹ࣬ȴôҲûϵҪԵΡ

ۿдյĲӣþδ˵ϻ

ʲô飬Ԫžѹ¶͢Ĳǵļ磬ȱţ뷨Ӳһ顭

ǻعһ˼á

ô˵жǲð졣ΨһǼٵģ͢ǳʲô⣿ߣɻھǣ

뷨ð㽫Լˡ

Ҳм٣ҪѰǴˡ

ĺݺһѣǿԼ侲Ƚе³̡

أ뾩ϿܲǼٵġ⾩УҪѰסǻͷӭջ˾ͽ⾩еĿջȥҾͲŰϢʲ

ԪÿԣǸջס˿˴֮ʡ̽ѧʣܽĸ֪ԺεءЩѰš

Ұƽһҡܷܷظԣ߬䡣

ǻסܷܷ֣˳ǣ¶Ц
֪ܷܷƽŲŲزĵط̯Ĵ£ǻҵúܡ

ԲôûףҲš

¼ҲһʱܽģȥжɡͬԪȰ׵ˣٽǵĿջиӣʹȥ

͢˵ɲ꣬ιҲʹЩǮЩ϶ѡǴϵĻԪϱ߲ģǲԸԼⵢ¡

ԪԴ˵ǲ⣺⵹Ҳ޷ⲮǶЩµˣûҶţҲܰþ  

ֻǻû˵꣬żͼҴҵˡ

Ԫҭ£Цõôˣ

Ĩ˰ͷϵĺС㣬ۼҵĻ˸ˡ

Ԫɫ΢䣬ӿŲͷȥ͵ϸ˵ˡ

֮ͣⲮķԸжɻжһ룬Գ˾˵Ѳ顣´ǰҲеģⲮǿ飬˭֪ȴ˵ۼҵĻ⣬ͻˡ

ǿ첽ϣԪҼ͵Ļд˲²⡣
δǣٸ֮£ܹҲôĺ֮ڽǴͬС졣

Ԫ̴ϵĻЩ˿ˣдʲôΥʲô⣿

£˳Щˮˡ

ԪȻҲЦعͷǳŪ˾ǻ˹ˡʱͣ¹ΣҪѰͷҼҪǮء

ɫʱʵΪ˳Թͷ
׹ôԸÿҲűӸطʡȥ鷳

£ֻССĵطθСЩ⾩ǵ˾θڴЩ

Ҳûϵλε¹٣θھ

ԪŸǰλľȡƱŷװȥⲮհ죬ͷ˾ȥã֮󷽲Żģ£š

ǿƤһɵ̾˿
ԪƱʱǿۣпǲǾǣȴû뵽ôһǮ벻⾩ٵۡ

ԪҲЩԾ漴ŭЦλεʹλôθڰ

μҳλүⲮһҲûܣǴһЩ³˾˵¹ء

¹أָȻղǱڹ

ԪǸֱӣͷЩϷġԼҵ⣬ԸϺܣҲԸھи˴򽻵
һؾ̯£پĸ꣬ͷúܡ

ȱæǿɫִԪȷ磬ʵ⴬ϵĻżҪõģ

һºʹݣǡôɢЩꡣԪнɿعһ飬áҲʮƥɴҪõµ׽ȥ

ӣ˿

ʱ˾ȥǼλδˡͬ񣬵׼ͲСˣǻΪҧҧˣͲðˡ
ϾһͶˡ

Ԫ⻰ûšüеĲͰȥ

ǾȻؼȥհ˾´ˣ㡣ԪԸ׵ģڴϺţʱϢؼҡ
꣬˰ǵ䣺Щȷһţһؼȥɡһֱء

ԪǰԵɺʶġ
ǻԪͷһسԶţƽ̸˱⣬Щ˵ȦסһأҪϲǮ
˵ܺϱ˴θڣһʣʱЩϵ

ԭԼһԶΣ˭֪͢һ˼˽ȥʶһͳףûԶ¡

ΪˣԪ͢ԹЦǡɫѡ

ʹԪе֪Ԫҵ

ԪҶŮΨԪôһŮǧ˳ʲô

ÿڣǶǵøԪͷ㲻϶أıµġ

ԪңԪѾȺá
Щͣ޷߰ףüԪ£͸Ӣͨࡣ

ôʱŻԪǵԪһ䣬Ŀ漴ϣЦλƹɣ˵ò٣ȻǸϲˡ

ǰܷܷͬóǣҪڸ߶Щʱˡ

޷޷ӼءҲͬ飬˵еĹȤųԶšԪ˵٩

ǺЦӦˡ

ѽӷϴűã÷ʱἰ˽Եɡ

ελʹʵ̰ᣬԪ±޺޵ﶼѹأҲ֪Ҫ١Ǯ
˵굽ײʣԵ˼ǾͲķ𣿡

Ԫ˶Դ˵ƽúܣͬμ̵ƽں󣬳Ұǣ㣬ˮúܣóȻͽȥֻƲˡ

ԪλӣǲɵջʱѸ˻

ӲʲôЩȴ˲֮ص顣ǰӣͷβ¥λӣ˼

λӣͲᵱΤ

еΤ֮ʱʺ󶼵ñ֡
йһСӣ֮бزˣʥΪ˴ŭܲ˵طλɣΪɥĹ˸ǲ

Ժ󣬹еļӶûܱס½ûˡЩ꣬ʥϥ¾ֻλˡ

ȥްŹʥ˼ɼһղһգ¶ڴţѡɫӵ

˭Ҳûϵ󣬾ƾճһλӡ

һʯǧˡ






3.   3    ԩ·խ

03

һ·۳Ͷ٣ټ͢ıʣǿ˵ľƣǿֱùֽܷܷ׵¶⡣

ҹɫŨֻһյƻ

ûɵſǰ˺һ㶡
͢ӴǷţٴͼҳЩ˿ȥؿ˲֪ٱ飬ѾһֲرˣԾûȻ

֪Уô˯˹ȥ

֮θǹ½롣

һʱűѩɿ͢ϿһʱЩദĵεΣĪε͢¡

У͢һԲ֮дƺڶ׷
һѪϴָ䦳¹ϣѾûѪɫȴƺǣ͸ĺ⡣

Ǵδϼ飬ļٵҪƫƫΪ

ȻʱŸ
һļ£ؿ˳˺һǻ

Լ˱ҹ裬񣬷վϢظϴ

峿һ棬ԪƳĨɫ֪ûЪáƫҲÿ⣬廹ϵˣֻм͢ˣܳ׷

е嵥ǵĿջ඼ˡԪͬһţοغǴ¿æգ˾̳һϸҡ

ǽӹǵµЦֻæȥΪҷ񡣡

ԪֱϸǵеĴССʮҵĿջʹغ̣ܷܷջȥ

ջҲǾľ¥ʱ磬Զ緹㣬ԲûˡһȤпţʱ˹д

ڿĸˣ˺衣
˹ĦţСͬˡ

СĿϣʱ׹ڵֻʡض֪޲ԡ޲

ǻӦ˲ɣ

ȻС漴ЦϾǷϻԣصľӶýϿء

ǵͷʵǹסһλ̵ֻߣ

⡭Сʵó
˺һûʲôͷȻֲʵɻԵ

òúܺá˵꣬ͷ

Դޣ͢òǹϵ£һۼ˱ܼáȻԪҲЦɫѡ

С˻׷ʵλ̹ӵĻҿһۣ˵׼

ҡҡͷ
ñī͢ǰԷֱ̫ΪڣԻ롣͢뷨ÿЦãԸʣסԣջͬˡ

ֻԶʱδҪˣûǻϡ

С¶ɫһֱĬŵܷܷŲյ˿ڣСƽҪĻҵǿŻһ
˵꣬æֻδʣʮҲ߰˷֡

ܷܷʱѧģǺ֪ؼ£˿ҲǺͿˣһʱû

һ¹ֽʣˡǽߣҪɫ㡣

СϵϲЦտӦ£հȥˡ

ֽ̿ᳵ·īοԽܷܷؽţ»ģͺãһʱã˻ȥ֮ľǡ

ָܷܷڣӦպīʡ

ţȴŹ̨عͷۣŴֻԭɿǶ

ʲô磬¸ˡƹǵţҴææشӺԺ˷еʲôԸֻ֪ܽһǣĺͶԹ

λ󸹱ķ±֣ǽջһ⣬Żؿ˿ڣɻã

ԭѾջĿ⣬ʶʱ˻ȥ

ǻĻʵɫۣ͸ļ϶ǹ£ȷ׼ԼĲ²⡪
ƽǱߵĹ£̩

Ϊϵˣ̩ûʵûϵгһվȻھš

ǲ˲Ź̨ⲻ̩档
Ҫ뿪Ҳõ˵

ɷȴûҪߵ˼ȥƹ⣬ֵߵ˱ҪԲ鿴

ܷܷһֱ۾ػţعһʣһƽ㿴𣿡

Ȼǿ˾䣬ᴵ˴ֽδɵī

ܷܷ󣬼޶ɻҪС𣿡

ȹ˵ѹյܷܷ߽͵ҵƽΪִǱЩãñϳ
˵ţ˵ȥҵ⡣

˾ôسŸ㣬ȵÿ²Ӳ꣬뿪ˡ

ǵţʱС

С°ͣŻֽϵ忡ӿ˻ϧλ̹ӣҵȷδ

򴽣á

һ֪²ô˳죬ݵʧƬ̣漴ֵ״̬׼һȥ

ǽúߣͬغҪδȥȴ̩֪Ϊź£ɱ˸ǹôڿջſײˡ

Ǿһ˲ʱźۼشۣÿ첽ߡ

ȵȣº˿ڣסǣǲǺɵ´ǡǡƽǸѾͷ

Ѿͷ⼸ֱ˵øҧгݣƽװǻƵĵԶ

ĵװ̾ԩ·խȴһȻ飬пˣڴ˴ŷ¡

Ǻɡ̩Цǽ⻰˵˺޺޵ļơ

ǲµˣҲ׾Ƴ˵ĲԸ

ǽˣ̩ŻζԵɡ

ǲ֪϶ûʲôˮѻ˵꣬һڻؾˣҲǲɣһԵҪ죬գ𡣡

ûٿڣһܷܷ뿪ˡ

ܷܷܾñ˶һ㣬ʶػͷۣϷ²Ŀ⡣æعͷ߬סǵ䣬ѵƽ㣬ҿǷǻǺ㡣

϶δжߣȴСúܡ£ʱҵ⣬͵ʴף˸ƿ˵׼Щ궼Ǻء
ȻҲڲŴ˸棬ʱ˳

غ̣֪ļҵģʵⶼָܵʹĴ£δЩ󽲾ɣ

Ǯҵġغ̶˶٣ͬϸϸ͵ǮǾĸ̷̣࣬ıǽ󣬽ȥ¥Ҳҵġ£СøǮҶүҡ
еƣҲͲ˵ˡ

ǰװǻƣȴǸŮȹġ

ˣҲöƽϣЦ˾䣬㽫½˹ȥ






4.   4    ǳ

04

¥ãǽϣҲҡҲ㲻⣬˵δ͢

ʱϦбϼ̿
ڳϣԼᵽ˵ķ㣬ȲҪҡ

ļ̫ԶҲ֪١

һ㣬ͷһվѰˣŽϡ档Գ˾䣬˿ϷдδȥʹټҰɡ

غ̵ࡱַ̧ܷܷһѣյҿǲܡ㲻ţôһȻǲܵġ

ԼЩ궫⣬Դ˾ռߡ
ܷܷȴٳţƽֻڼշת䶼δԹȴѾˡ

۵ģֱܷܷͦŬһµӣǿġ
Ԫҵãԣչز죬ЩҲֻߡ

ǿܷܷ˼Цջöл㣬ȻҿɻФ񡣡

ͣ£·ߵ̯ˮָܷܷغ̣˲ӣƵߡ

һĶѰˣֱʱŷֳЩ˼úÿ

û͢ǰҲδҪƽǵĹ򣬵ȥ󣬿Լ򣬽
ϲС͢ȴȻ

¶˵ʥǳŽгһշࡣ

͢ѧ˲ᡢҲС£һ£ת׼ȥ

ʹ͢ʲôӣ
ֻ͢˵Լʱͼǲˣȸ֮䳤

͢ϲ£㲻ʣֱʱѰţźʶԼ͢˽·̫Щ

ԭ̵ˮҲûôɿڡ

ŻصԪңǱĹĵԪ

ôδ˻ǲɿ𣿡ü̽ʵǲͬμʲôڣ

ԪСˣǮ򶯲ˣ˳ɾ˽ˡ

¶ˡҽһգǰ¸ŪסԪ̧ȷ磬ԵְԼЦˣôţ˵ǰڽС㿴еһ֧ɺΡ

⣿ǸɰͰ͵˾䣬ʵ֪˵ʲôá

Щ⣬źҲ˲٣ίʵûΪ֧ɺμǺôõġ

ɺαȿеģС㽿ˣû˫ַϣǿμҡ
ԪʱѹûϵСΪô飬ȥͼӴףûϵμҴүǡɵ˾ùܵԼͷϡ
˴£էɺηӦ˺һ׮

ǽ󣬱ûʲô÷ӣֻ̾һ䡰ù

ԪҹҲˣ³ҵĺܣòҪͽȥǲԸշתйϵ˼ˡϾһе˳£ǣöˣ˵׼ҲҪͬһС

μ˼Ҫɺ˵ףôƽϣ

ӦףΪʲôԸϺܣҲԸھͬ˴򽻵ˡԪߡΪʳǸ£˸ࡣ

ǵȷǼʶˣͬܵңҲԸӡ

иΪѵġûҴĹǾһʱǲŽദÿ仰ԪҲ֪ǻʲô˷ͬ׽Щ˵׼͵һ
˵Ƶģէһûʲôʵ˵㵱ľʹ˴˼䶷ء
֮ϵ̸ڣ϶һƽͣ˭֪Ǳ˭á˭հ

ԪͶԴ˲ͷһԱԹͬҧ䣺ǰҵʸŵڸߵģٷʲôġӲͷƤһӣԼʵģиŮˡ

Ǳ⻰ЦˣЦ꣬áӣȷַӹġ

Թ꣬ԪЩ֧ʹŮȥɺη׼űȥμǸôȰԼҵĻ̻˵
Ըֿ꣬ǣֹ

תңûѰˡǿ˼εЦ㵹ǲõģһáôҲúõسŵѰ͢յġ

ʱһҪú÷Ԫ޷޲ƽ

ǻʧЦãؾԲ

ô˵ԼҲûãʱô͢
͢ǸӣܵԴʶ˾ûִ֪£

˼ȥҲֻȽҵ˵

ͷһû˳ҪȥĿջڽҪһǸ·ҪȥĿջԪҶԶЩܷܷȻǸϵģ

ԪԾͬһţԸμȥ

һ̣ͬ˰֣Щʱˡ

ǵĳպܺãصĲɫһЩǼҳˣ·ҲҪóԡԪʱ£ˣҪҶ÷

úúáӦһյķȥѰ͢

ʵҪϸЩɴûʲôͷ

嵥гĿջѾȥһ룬ôÿҲЦˡɫߵ̾ϢʻȥԸͷظ

ϳ֮󣬱㿿Ŀֱܷܷѡ

𣿡Щƣ͵͵ؿ

ܷܷҡҡͷغ򽫳øЩμҳˡ

£֮⿴ȥֻǰߵլۡȻһִΧˣ½жаϦΪ׶һѪɫԭĳִʱ˸ͨУ׷ƿ

Ǹμ𣿡ԭ⵴Ȼ޴档

غ̵ͷǡ

Щš
ԪĽμѾĶԣƣǴ׵ĸ

ԪĻ
ں󣬳Ұǣ㣬ˮúܡ

غ̸շԸƵȴƳ˴μҳӰǹ

ǱлֿȥȻԪһ漴³ȥ

Ԫ֮󣬽Щȹһ·Сܹ

⾿ô£Щ˿Ϊ㣿ǷԪ֣ϸţδ˲ŷЩ

Ԫ˳˳ϣؽͣһιڴ˰Σ档ɻû˵䣬Ѿ߼ææ˵ǽˡ

μҵȻһܲˣԪҲѺãֱŪ֮ŷų

Ԫԭι޵ȴǺ£ŵû˹ȥҲû̫ҽҩ񣬺òײžѹ

ߣԪȴȲؼң߰ɡ

ãǿŴ¶úˣ˵Ԫˡ˸Ԫı㵽תת

ֱһ֣ãԪֺ˵˾䣺ɺҸûסһء

ǰһ̻߸ϣѹۿˣת˲ͳﳼ֮Ůŵðûˡ

Ҳ֪Ǹþýꡣ

ǲԾ߬ŵĻԭǳ

ԡ

һϤˣҪѰλ̹ӣҴʳЩϢ

ѭȥ¥ĵС






5.   5    Ҿŵ³

05

Ӱ˵͢Ϣһ˲Ϥɢˡ

ʶ߬䣬Ϊ̫ڴԵʣ·𶼸Щںδ

СĿע¾ˣ˱ۣ¶һ㿪ڵߺְȦɱȲһȥ˵Լǻʶλƽǵ̹ӡ֪ҪѰλ

ղδͬԼƽǡֺ󣬱㲻¶Ц⣺ǡ

ϢˣһԵԪҲǵС͢ںδ

ò׼˵ƽ̹ǲǷҪҵˣûʣֱ֪ͬСͷԭΰϢ֪㣬û뵽ôˡ

漴ʵ֪˭סںδ

СܿǵĿ⣺Ǿ¥ĳͣھоסҵδʹѰԳյŵġ



˿ɻԵҪʣ

ûˡǹ£Ѱˣʱл㡣Ц

Сϵ齩£ڨڨЦţ˷˵ӣӦõġ
˵꣬Ťͷˡ

ǶؿţԽԽ죬ƤĪ¡

Ѱ͢Ϣˣʲô˵ģԪ̧ǰ˻Σʵ

ܾЩһգ˿տ˵ɡ

͢Ϣڶһ磬ǱѹδͣԭİţųԷʱܷܷͬԼ뷨

غңȥʣµҿջܷܷʶص˵ͷЩʵѾ˽ϢƽǾţϢδؿɿ𣿡

δÿɷֻһ·ܲ

ܷܷŲɣҲûٶʣȻӦ

ùܷܷǰյĻغų˳ţ¥ȥȺλ

¥ò㲻Զͷһʱ·ϵʱûʲôͣҪȵҲûҲûżǵ˲͸㣬ڴߵλÿ羰

֮ϣŵӵĻʱҲܼŸ˼ҵı㳵ٲȻһɸ

֮ǰǵȵ˸Ϊ֮䶯Ϣ
մ󳯻ϣδʥ¶棬گ飬˼Ϊ̫ӡ

̫֮λ꣬ǳ䶨

Ϣˮ͹ʱ
Ĳ¥˵ġµġ۳ֵģȴǲԼͬλ̫ӡ

ǰصҲűһ̫ӵ¡

˵ҲǺЦ۵̫ѡϡ
˵̫εڣ¼оӹΰ˳Ѿ̫λãҲ˵ƽҵĶŮ߹󣬲ò˫ȫٳδױΪ˵ȴ¡

ǳŸ㣬ýζֻûϵЩҲȻ졣

һֱ󣬵СžͬˣҪȵˡ

ǷȥָĸмվŵС˸档

ģһϮ°׹ۣ޵Ц⣬λιӡ
ǿϲȿۡ
п뾪ޣҲڲȥḡ

Ǵ۽ޣܿ´Ŀ⣬һ

Żع˹֣żɽԱ˼ţֵСѾͬҽˣҪѰ֣

ǡ˵뾩ʱʶðǰһʣ֪ںδ

ȴû⣬ɨ׼뿪ĵСԸ

СͷӦҴ뿪ˡ

ǶԲҶûʲôϲãѹֱӺȰˮԼĲ衣ЩŵԵǺͷԣˣҲûôϹġ
Ҫ˵Ļ߸մߵģҲ͢ˡ

ƷҶζϸ΢Ĳ𣬵ǵļǮ

裬Ƕܻ϶ˡ

Լǲõģ˵ӰôôûʲôϵֻЩʳ͢

޶ԣǲν裬ɤӣɷнµԽϣɫζԳصѩˮ㡭

⸱ѧšģէһܻͦˡ
ǸѧģЩһϲͨҲѹûͨ͢˵̣Ҳÿǿȥ

ˣвû壬Щͷ

±ϾˣҲֻΪʦëάϵſ׵Цš

ȵСǺ񲻼յ²裬һյǰ͢缯ʶģһʫ޾ʵǽ̾

ʱ˷ʹ⣺֪ںδ

㳢裬Ȱ˾䣬µ缯й͡ɷŰ֮ǷϣûӦǵԼ

ֻſеĲ趼ɬŵ᣿

Ҫ˵ڣ˷ɽʵ⣬һٿǡҡҡͷʹļ׵ȴͻ

𾪹ǲЩ

˵⻰էһǺԶ˱ܶһЩ˻顣

͢ˡ
̹̹Ȼ°ˣҲηηβضء

ǰ˵ôУ͢¡

Ƿ²յֱ˵ʵҲ˵Ҳ͢ںδ

ҭסˣŷ֣Ͼûʲô⡣
룬ڵҿԲʹȥЩִͬˣӦʳ١

Ǿˣǲ˲Ǽ⣬̾˿αأȻҲƫҪܶǵ˲ôźá

ͷüۣ͸Щ
۳ͶǣҶǵԵʣԭ˲٣͸Ź

񿴵ĶˣĿϸ޳Ĳϣĵǰ

пȼÿ껻ҪҪҩźã̧ۿͬʣҲ֪ġ

˫һţĻҲˣʶظ͵ȷʵˡ

һ̣ǵĴɢˡ

ֱ壬ЦЦشǰˣ齥

ŪˣԵؿ

ȴͬԣҪȴָ̧סˣǺ⣿

˵أĪ˻ԼһѲѹĿ֣ЦôǵýҵƲźã

㶣ŵ̸һ⣬ǷӦթң

̩϶İɣչױĸϵ˵Ҳ

ǰԩ·խڴ˴ײ̩Լǹ˾ˣ̩Ǻŵľɳ̩Ǵ˼Ĺ£ҪӵСʳԼⲢѣôȦס
ҲѹֵСķӦԣϾָ̩ʹȦ׵ˡ

϶ӣΪǣܾԼúܡǹξˣǲɵšü

֮ҲûţŲæԭλϾش˾䣺˵ĵҲûµëˡ

ǵͷĿѣټⷴӦٳٶҲӦˡ

㣬ǿյ裬˶񣬡ʲô

˯һĺöЦҲµⲻףԣ˵

ǳױɫûϵڴ֮ͥĵֶΡҲ֪ⲢʳʱϺݺҧ£Ҫߡ

յ裬ǳֹԻܴǡ

׾ٵؾͽԭλϣȰ㻹ǲҪνҵ޷ɾͱҪˡǴǲ֪δȥ˵ķǸҪš

вĻû˵꣬һ죬ǰĲյˤ˵ϡ

ţǺҲɨڵء

⶯ʵЩеĿ˷׷ѭ˹УԾɳһû뵽Ǿˡ

·ЩвȣŴε֣⻹ͷһ¹ϵĴͷ

ԹԵߣȴֻһۣʺѪʱӿ˳Ǿ֮ʱƬɡ

ԵüææײǣƳһƬǽ壬֮ˮѪŵû˵ϻ

ȴ˭ˣǰҲ̩ͬıս֣һԲš

ƬıԵģۣ

ĳǳһķ֡ӿŲҪЩԪȥѹͬ⡢㡣
һ̧ۣȴӭʻ

ͷ׷ױÿӦЩòõڵء

Ӷˣۣǽߡ

ٲЩ˵׼Ѫˡ

УֻǳǾŭصôĵӣҾŵ³ܣ





6.   6    ʳš

06

ǺЩ
ʱ󱻵һƤѪıƬѪ죬Ѫų˼Ż

Ҳĥ˵ʹЩѣûҩŵ

ŭĻУ£ʶԼǳײ˹ˡ

ӻģû׳ľǺˣǿŴӵڲࡣ

ǵĴٹ̫ˣĸܵġ

ַֺŭҪһ˦ȥȴڴһģˡ

£Լǳ˻þȻʶֻǱ͢ҪͳЩҲҪЩ

ʶ̧ͷǰ⻪µ

һĴǡ¶ǸĶŵˣ͢ȥԶǲԱ¶ʧɫ漴־Լ־ˡ
Ȼᵥƾһĳ֮͢أ
ǳŭʱƺǡ¡

͢ǰ㶼մߡ

ǽ壬ɫȹȾŰ߰Ѫ볾Ҳ˼ѪۣһӯЩˮ·һ̾

¾֪еĴ䣬ֻǱŵģҡͷЦԸҽȥʱڣֳ¶ˡ

˵㲻ᣬӣͷĿ˼

񳿵Ĵ󳯻ʽ̫ӣ䶨Ǵʱ򣬿˼ȴ־̶¼䣬ϲŭɫ
Ѱصĳ¾ʱ²͸˼ˡ

µףʱ±¾˶٣ڻ˱˴˼һֱرܵ£³Ұ£вڶ̫λã󣬵¿оϣ

˼⻰̧ۿ£ٸο

֮䣬㲻Ȧˡ¾㲻ܵػؿ̹Ȼ𣬲˶˵ҳ¼ҷֵ£ԼŮռλ
ɳ¼Ů߽һˣ첻ֻ֢֮˼޸ɢ˼ҺѵΡ

֮⣬Ҳ˵¼ڴˡ

δŹЩٸؽ黳˼ŶĿУҲ֪ЩʲôκڵٸҵҲ֪ʱס

¾Ȼ֪ģҲûȵطϡ
˼ͽЩȥˣ֪ЩշתƽȢ˸ѰĹ

¾ԴûʲôȤҲδ롣Ͼ˭֪Ůӵ檶ǿ̫ɣǿԷҲȫһ

һǲȥƽǽ˼ҰصĽᷢޡ

ǳ¾ʶģе˼ҲЩʧ̬

⣬¾ԭǴ˱ӵ⣬̫֮ϲ룬û뵽˼ô⣬չ黹ûסȰλĳֻ£¡
ο

οҴ֮ǰΪ潻˴˰һѰ߹̫ܳû£ʡȥ鷳

ִƽŮΪ̫ΪĸµĻʺ󣬳Ҫַ졣

˼ǲȴɵŲա

ʶ΢ĩи飬ӦҲף̫֮λҪǵı㲻ֹǸˡ¾ͻ˸Ȱοְ̫ҲѰܵģδؾǺ£˵׼ĥ
ʳţ񲻸ã

˼һ˵óĬֱڸͣ£ŵȷţ֮顣

¾̬ȵɶɫǡ

ѹĺɫĺϣƳ谵ɫֻͷѣҧȥȫȻİĵط

һˮ֮Цˡ

ںδǷ˷ϰʵʵɴ¥飬ʱŭ

˵ײ˹˵ڹûͬƽϣԸҽݡǸˣ׵ˡ

ôһѣ£ʱԺֻЩǵļ䡣

еҩң˻˯һգڷءָģпҲܶԼ֡
˿ʱ޳ЩϸСɣ˴Ŀġ

һźϣд̹ǵʹǵ˿´ͬǸ˵лҽݡ

˿ѴãȹϵѪˣˤʱȹڣǱúܡ׷·Ҳˣ·䣬һ·صԪңָָ㡣

Ԫһģ񣺡ôŪ˭ɵģ

ǿڸƳϵĲˮȴЩӰ˶ź˰յյͷβͬԪһ飬̾Ҳû뵽Ǿ

ôܹ㣿ǹң͢ϢԪּĵֶΣ˭Ҳ÷

ںײ£ұˡǻԼԺԼ͢мµأԳ

ǺˣԪյĲˣ̾˿λȥҽݣǻֽݵģ˵׼Ҫ㡣

ǰʱΤƴ¸úܣֱֳ޴ƽ£˴ðûˡ

𣿡ǿֵЦҲ󡣡

˵ţѰ˵ܷܷغҲˣѩϼ˪ĻϢ
ŻʱʣµĿջԾһ

ǵͷĬţԪȴ̲סʵô˳𣿡

ڶ͢Թúܣǿ˵ģ޲ָ͢ıһٲźáֻǰϢûУѹˣԹҲ޴ӷй

Ҳ⡣

͢ᵽġаǼٵģأѵһƾʲôƶأ

ǲţָôأ
ãã˺õδѶķҳ

ţͷֿʼҲֱ治⾿ҩĺ֢ǴΪ͢

ȱˡɽǰ·ȺúϢ˵Ԫıʾ֭ѰŰοͷУ͢˵𣬵鰲׵֮󣬾ȥ㡣ͲҪˣ˵Ѱǡ

֮ǰרŵùڼң˿ţ͢ѵ֪Ԫˡ

ҲԷһ

ʲôˣɵزҲûԵķӡ
ԸԪΪԼǣǿ¶ЦͷˣҪѰҵġҲˣԼȥǶЩҲǻá

žˣȻҩҩЧѾ˯Сգ»Ǿ

Ҵһ£ʲôͷɡǿյǳĲˮǱ裬ֻöġǿͬԪ̩ǸСǼģ£ҲʲôŮϢˣҲδػưոݡ
ϸ֪֪ˣ

ΪѣòŵСϻһѪƲᡣлǽ˵Сˡ

Ԫصص˵ͷģȻ㲻ᣬҲȥġ






7.   7    ԭĿ֪ܡ

07

ǻ˯ãʱǵڶ硣

Ԫص˴Ϊλҩͷһհ˿ʱڻ֮УۼϵˣԼҲһ

ʱЩ־壬ֻԼѹûʶôص֡

Ԫǿˣ۵ֲȹȾôһƬѪ
˵ţ֧ʹغȥԸЩѪʳ

ΪǻҩֿյĲˣר̶Ҫɿڵʳָ˵˿ϺѰЩϺõҩɣȻǻ̡

ǶԴ˵ǲ⣬Ͼģֲࡣ

ҩ˵ǹķӣר˰̡ԪǴ˳Ժȥҩ

ֻܷܷ
ʲôû˵۵׷죬ƤҲţȻǱ޹ġ

ûʲô󰭡ֻõ޷Ҳǿˣʵʲôվͺˡ

ܷܷȴҡҡͷھεΪ˰ңǾͲôԶ㵽ƽҲ¡

ģҡͷЦùֵǻ͸˵ʼٸߡҲǨŭˣ㲻Ϊ𡣡
ο¹ףҵ̩µĳԹ

ʲխ֮ˣ̩زҲԵ±Թһʱܱģֻʱ£Ƚϵ˵

񣬲գԪҲĳˡ

Ǿ׸޵ܡԪս˿յˣմ˵̵ҩ࣬ͿţԭһֱԺţǰŻ˾֪ô̩һΪ˺ɫ¥ǳ£˵ֶǿռŮ

ֶΣȻʶˡ

ѹ˵Ⱥ֣⿿ȹϵƵĻɫҲᱧšǴۿŲɴ֣ᶯָǣ˿ڣϸ΢ʹӿ

ôֻɫҲòϣѰ

޵⸱ģ˵׸һ㲻֪ѹšοǵƽǣھһһܻǣԪҡ
ԲóȻ¡

˵̫󣬳ûһִѪԪҲ޷޲ƽһ޼ƿʩֻǿѰҿοʱ˵׼ͽǸְˡ

ʱʵûʲôԵģ˭ȨƸߡ˭ǮࡣܵίҲţѪǳе¡

С˾֮ᣬǲɱЩܸ

ΪʲôϲˣĵͬԪпҲôϲ
̾꣬Ѻ¡

ԪˣҲұˡ

μұҺ˾Ĺְû˹ȱ鶼˸ԪҵĻҲôϲµġ

˸иĳԪԹ˼󣬴ߣȥ԰Ϸ

Ԫ˵Ժӣ԰Ϸ԰ӡ
˵԰ӵǹн̷˾ˣЩʶ㣬ųϷ趼ÿܿͻھдضЧߡ

ƽʱ³԰Ϸӣ·ϣͬԪ˵Ҫԭ档κδ̤鷳¾ûͣȻҲδ׮¡

ֱԪǼʶһ

˵Ҳǲɣ԰ݵϷǽŵıӡ
״Ԫ֮󣬱У̰ĽȨƸԼԭŮ˷޵
ԭĥѣ׷ɱŮ״

ʵϷ·ƫƫ͢ĪѶͺ˲롣

ϷԪ÷ӦҲ¹Ǻ˼룬ĿⲻźۼǱɫ

ǲûʲôӦ
ֻϷ̨κƫͷ̾˾䣺Ҳִ̫ˡ

ԪӦ

ңûԣ˳ҲôǧյϾ״ǲֻˡ

Ԫüһ̲סۣǵȷֻһϷָǷ
֮͢ûʲô飬ҲǼ֮Ե
Ҳֱ֮ˡ

гʱչǡ
λٽݣһͷǡŸȹ˫ѾٵСŵ¥

Сôݰףһ˫ԲԲģɰֻڶʲôƵģһèӣһ̲סͷ

ۼı¥ǿ̲סЦתۼ䣬˱ʡ

СͷʱײϷ԰˲ˮСˡСС˾Ҳû⵽һˮ֮˳

ǵĿһֱϣʶһѣڻУס˽Ȳ衣

䲻ǸĹˮԾɾűϷƬмβˮСﲱϣѩһĽۼʱˡ

Сȴʱ˳Ҳ֪ŵû۵á

˵ĿⲻԼͬؿҧŴĻǹı£Ķ𣿡

ǣһԵԪʱʪ͸˵ļ޴룬ô

ǽСɿüͷ壬ȴ˵ţɡ

˲СŵˣæǸ

¥µĶҲˣһ¥СؽǹﱧĶˣúõģôԼ¥ˡ
ģģεŮ
ʱӵǹ뿪æȥˡ

һƣ֪ضǴ˼ҵǧС㡣

ˮõˣǵǼòУԪСطǣ뿴ϵˣϷ԰վ㣬ֻܰ

СýۣСûܹ࣬Ƕˡҵûʲôǹˮ˵һ룬ͣ˿ͷѾ˲ϸ

ԪҲ˲ͬС˼ƽϣߣϷ˳õҩҿˣҩ

ǵ˵ͷԳ˵ǲǸǷ尡ôԴûһ̹ģ

ϵ˻ûãųſϷǲ¡
©ƫҹꡣ

ظظԪȥúЪţٲˡ

ЦأٻܻĶȥ

ǳ˵ʲôʲôǴûϣ˵Ҳʲôɻ䡣ɲų԰ӭ˼λٲ

Ԫѹûűܿȴͷָˡ

үǺ⣿ԪšüԵ

ơǣǰɣٲĿϣ˸ˣ͵Բһ˰ɡ

һ̣ʱӦеԵɡ
ϻʹ⼸˸Ĺٲδеֻ̿Ǻ£ֻĪЩЦ

ԭĿԸ㡣

ԭĿ֪ܵȸ״




8.   8    ķأôȡ

08

ͻıʣԪ£漴ҲӦڱ

ѪˣԪһʱûѹסеŭǱغ̳֮󣬷ǿŻͬǹٲֱǾ׸Ҳƾ޾˰ɣ

ٲм֪ƾݣ

㵹ǡԪȴǸƽýŵĿҲʱѹ
ҲǣЩʲôأ

ʵʵڣڡ͵Բһ˵ſںߣҲ޴ӷϾûҪô֤

ףɾ׸бҪ̻޵ܣ˵ٶҲûá
עҪôһˣ㲻ȥġ

Ԫ߬ǵ֣ˣȥ

ôҪȥǹٲЦ

ǶؿҪҲȶԲðɣ˵е𴦲ͬδҪѺУ

ٲæ﹫ӣȻҪȵȬ֮ͬϹáȹѺСηǱӡ

⻰ǿʶȴƫƫ˵ֱ׳
񲻹С۱ƬһôأҲϲ˹õˡǽջϷа㡰ηǱӡ˼

ʵβҪȫƾһˡ

Ԫ˶񣬷Ըغ̿ЩȥȡҩԼƱźۼظΪǹٲʧ̬ˣү¡ֻƽˣԼͨͨڡ

ٲƳƱ漴¶ЦϻǴߵЩ𵢸ʱ

غ̽ҩȡԪǣߵеӱضùһţһ뷨Ӿġ

Ƕ˶һʱҲ벻ʲôοĻϾ˾˵ʲôǿջЦֻǾˡ

˵ߡٲͷشߴ١

ɿԪ֣޷ת˹ٲ׸ȥ

Ϊ׵Ĺٲи죬Ǿ׸ĸҲЩ顣ʶЩù·飬

һ·ǣôŮӾûĨᣬûʲôҵɫҲϡ档
쵽ʱ˾䣺֪ʲôģ𣿡

룺֪

ʱ˵̽һλڼҳʶߵΡ֮󣬽˺üجΡ
룬ԼŻѪ

ԭǲ֪̬أԲƽش㲻£

£ܷ𣿡Ƿʵ

£ҡͷЦǻ治ܡ
Ц꣬ʵҿҲǸˣʲôҪ﹫ӣ

Ƴһۣûش

ǣҩóȻ֣´ͷβɲҪ񣬾͵Ϊ
һأѡΣҲȻǴƬ

òҲ񣬵͸Щޡ

쿴УΪҪ֣ˣɲĵġ

һţѪζȳǰ˰ؿڣŻķӦѹ˻ȥ

˶٣һ·ߣ߹հƵģߵһη

ʼմۿŵ棬⻹ǲɱƳЩ˲ʵΣң·Ѿ˺ѪͷĿѣ

ŰɣţζʶЩ㲻óЩͷˡ

һԲֻη

޴ʧޣݶ͸Щչǿܿ塣
һéݣų͸һζ޴齣䴦Ų֪ʱµһƱЪϢ֮ˡ

Ļֻ޴½ţһվá

ЪЪɣƵʮµվȥȻͱˡ

ѭȥǸηŵǸŮˡڽһֱδû⵽

áӦƱεľ£ͬŮϼ䣬ֲ֪οڸʡ

ȿ˿ڣǵ˭ͽģ

Ǳϥţ֪ҲǷأ

Щ鷸֮ͽǿɲ㡭Ů˻û˵꣬ؿڿ

ýЩᵽѪʱʵǲˣҴЩҩ

ԼðɣŮ˴˿òˡ
˵귭˸û죬Ҳ֪˯ȥǻȥˡ

ǽԪҩ˿ڵģҲл˵ģϲε

Ϸ԰ﱻ˲ˮֻ򵥴ȹ˼ûüҩʹҲ֪ˡ
ǽɴ£漴۵죬

˿Ųεڴӿϥ

Ҳ֪˶ã䴫Ų

ǲûһֱǰͣ£̧ͷ˹ȥ


СϲŲӸµؿǣŵ֮ɫ

ȴַֻθĸоӿ漴ƿĿ⣬·࿴һ۶ۡ

ɫ

ǰҲùķӣǹﱻѺ֮ŵٳûӲʩûʲô͵ˡ
ⷴӦ췽˵̫ˡ
Ӳͷ׾ܿµģðһС

ͬҽƽ£߽ЩָϹŵԿ׸ǿҳȷмСɣǾǡ
ǵСȲ㣬Ầ㡣

ȨƵѹ֮£ûѷġ

ǲǲԵõģȴǰʱĻ˵

ҲָԪȥǸֻ̼֣Ҫҧ˲ɿڣΣŵЩպֺαطҪͬأҸˣҷǵΪѣܰ㡭

Ŷǿѻޡ
Ȼδ䣬ҲСˡ

ķأô㣿Ц˾䣬漴ֵֻҪҲ˵˭֪أ

Ǵ֪ܵķԣҾǲӣִΣҹйһӲɣ

ĻҲˣΪԼ氲ȻعãֱвӹǣϼʮӣҪû˰ɡ

׸Ϊ͵治¶·

æûô๦С¡ʵͬ˵˰ɣˣھǱͬӣЦЦ͸ЩɭȻһŲˣҲʲô
Ȱ㣬ʶʱ㡣
ңʱͷȥʳţȻеɡ

˵ֵƬ̣ʼճĬţЦ뿪

ֱĽŲԶ룬Ƿ˿һֱļ米֮ˣѵ¶Щ֪롣

ǵ䣬ԭݶ͸µչʧ

ηһƬڰ






9.   9    㷽˵ƹʲô

09

֮һ

ԪиǸ꣬ãԭͲԼҪľΪǣѷ뿪

ڳ԰ºշתˣҪǸȳȴͽ޹ĸ׵Ľ飬Ǯݷþ׸ˣҲĳ㡣

ֱϲ¶档
һ֪Ԫ⣬ȴ֪ʵԪصصΪź°

Ԫһƽ͵ؿڣΪǽãǡӦҲ֪ǰͬ﹫ִʧˡ

·ȴҪϣʵƽ
ԪӲͷƤ˵꣬غ̽񵥳ϣǿЦ⣺岻ãܲסĿ࣬˺̧֡

˵ʧˣϽӹ񵥣ûͬԪֱֱˣ˴Ŀģ˵ǰѪġɲʧ˰

Ԫ飬̽ʵ﹫ӿͬյȥ

˼䣬û飬ﻰǵ˼ֱʱçײЩô˵Ҳĺ֡ǿдֵ֣˽ǣǵһӣ

ԪЩЦˡ
£ʲôд֣Ѳɻָܿ

ԪĽ¸ǻѹţƫ̻ƣǰȫƣ˵׼Ҳֻ߳ŭʵ䷴
ֻܽǸ

Ϸ񵥣ƿڵȻذɡһȰСʹ룬վͽ˸ų

ǾͶлˡԪ仹ЦѾһ˴ͷβ˸顣

˻ظʱһյ衣

ô׵ܵܣͺ޲ô徻д֣ҿٿ˰ٻأҲϰ񣡡Ԫ˻Ǩŭ͢ȥˣΪ

غԪŷ磬йһͨڵ¶Ҳǽҹˣ⼸ۣȥǵúúЪЪźá

ԪȷҲۣһصңõĿ͡

Ϊ׵λ͵֣Ǿµ֪ǷǸ˼ҳģֹȡ

ɨڴӳϰµУɻʲô

ūǳ¼ҵļͣչȡԪһ񣬿żɽص⣬ǰգҼҹڳ԰Щ£ɹ󸮳־¡ƫʱŵӻ񣬼ûüסūЩŲصصŵл

Ԫջǲʶôȴ˲£עˡ¼ҡϡ

ǰλ֣Сǹ𣿡

£֪¹
йλʺ󣬱ǳ¼ҵŮ̫ڵģǳ¼λСӣ¾

Ԫδĸ˽¸пһΤ˥֮ƣ꣬ǳ¼ҵ¡

ǡ׵

Ԫɿеһö⣬ڵú󱳵ȲСģҡлЩ񣬳ְɡ

ɻγԣ

ǣݣѺھ׸С

˵ѾӦշǳ˭֪᲻ᷴڣ
ߣԪҲʵʲ
ƾʲô˵ĿԵң⣬ȴҪݻѪ̣ˮ

ȻƽͷκβΪٵģǹأ

ԪȥװףҲûϵôյĹ򣬾¡

ճ԰ʣ˾ţҲ˺ۣר̫ҽΣҩͰҩ˴ա
֮˲ˮķˣʱԸȥ̽飬ѰԪ

ѹ룬ǰˮϻΣʶδǣƾһ׮£оѾƫС

οһ׸Թԣѹ㲻ʲô

ֻչ鲻İ嶨µģĬƬ̺ЦЩֻ£ƹ£һʵתˣϡ
Ԫ㷲ֽ˵øЩƹǹ飬֪£Թ۵ġ

Ԫ֮󣬹ֱظػȥˡ

·࣬Ů˾ţ¾ǾŲտУڼǡ

ĸţĸɹִܡл֮³¾֪δʣҲҪ
˾ǣ¼ȥл񣬾ˡ

ǶԴ˵⣬ֻʱеæʵּžҵλÿɺÿˣǲǣ

عĻδšŴǣ֮»˳¾ֲǲ٣ƹﵱ֮ˣƽ׳Ŀͷ

ԭҪ˵䣬˭֪ԼѹûȥƵģ˾䣺㷽˵ƹʲô

㶣ʵǡ

ԭ׮С£¾ģ⵽֮ʱ˲١

ļǵԼǲ˵̫֮ʱƽǵλԭˣ·Ҳǡ

ɺ

˵ǸӦƽǲŶԡ
گ鳾䶨̫ӲŷԸƽȥˣӣʱӦŵûá
Ǹ˲֪ʱ˼ң̫Ǳߣ˳ɻûõϢ

¾ĥţԺеС˵̫һ

˵Ǽ£ʯ׸ȥһˡ¾Ը˹һ䣬漴š

ղ䣬ʰ׵˼δȥסڳ¼ҸıԺ
ӽų·ȥѹѲʲô

ԴͼõĲ˼󶼻ؾˡ¾ʱ鷿֮

½յǱ£¾񣬡֪ٳк£

ԭǣŪ׾׸йŵǾʲôپҪҪ֪̫ӡ
ƳϽɵĻʱסˡ

ǻϣǸ𻨵ˣüЦš

˼ĻܲҲˣ¾漴ͼճײ˳ܵŮˡ

鹴¾ȷ׼׸йŵģ˼ǲȥӵλ֪ʱ˾ǣ˼ƣ䵽㾳ء

˼عһʣ£ɻٸôˣʱ

£¾ĻһҪء

˼üʾ˵ȥ

СŮǰϷ԰£֪ģǲȥԪҵл֪ǵλƣǡ

˼ɫ
֪Ԫ˽ãʶѹҪʣȷ׼ǲǴͬͬգĵȷȷǡ

㹻𾪣ʵȴֹڴˡ

Ԫ˵ݺѹھ׸֮С¾飬Ѿǲȥȡ

δ˵꣬˼ٿǵȥ

˱ʼܣ֧δɵϺʷ˼Ȧīڻ𻨵ϣۡ




10.   10    ôѽ

10

ڣη֮һȡ

䲻ͷʢˮľͰͷһʢѹѰżףǴͷҲ֪Ƿ˼գָӲЩζ

ôŵѣǿۣȴûȥȡǷʳ

ϥǽߣֻѾЩģ˶ɬѵúܡ

ѣԱηŮ˻һľķ϶ֹ̽ȥͷһѣĵ̾˿ȲˣôȥҲҪɵˡ

ӽεĵڶǱ岻ʣÿʼȡ
ֹ۵úܣ˵ԼСӹӲʣСѹҪҩ˯һͺˡ⾳ҲԲá˯Ҳ˯ãټ˿ûãÿ¡
Ѿʼ־

ǱѣǿŶСšֻˮʵʱǻżѣ·ɤʲôƵġ

ѾͷһȰͬɡ㻹ᣬܲС

Ǽѵһڣľؿڣãǲǻûͬ㽲Ƿ

Ȥ˶϶˲٣Ҳ֪˱˴˱ѺԵɡ
̾˿͵㶼Թ𣿡

Ƿɲţǻ뾩Ҳûкˡ

Թʲôأҡҡͷʣҵġ
й⣬ѹϸ롣ֱԼһߣҽ˼֮ڿڡ

ڴѶķɵҡҡͷɵӡ

Ǳ˵ˣҲûգʶڶա

͢ĳ¡ͷȥӻǡ´͢ʱѩ磬½ǰããһƬԵøۡ
ݣƽʹݡ
Ŀʱֻ׬Ǯͷһᵽ˴ȶζ

ʱĽӲ٣ǲδӦκһΨм͢ʱǰȥС˾䣺Ҫæ𣿡

͢Դȵؿתӳųɫ

һ˵˽㣬زһѷֿ

ദǳ˽ȥ
͢ʱַڴ󶼲첻ѡΪģúãСϼһ֦㣬ʱҪȢŵĴڣлиġЩȨƵġ
˭ûҪ޸˸͢

ʱ͢ƶúܣòʲôƸû˵ģһдӼ򣬳׺Ҳ͢ᵽġ
׸

ǲûֺǺǵظ͢ʰ鷿ר׼ƿԼ׬Ǯҡ

Ԫ׺ʱȤǲǾͿ˼ҵò

Ц
һţ֮ǿԵģȥиԵɣһƬã㹻ˡ

˭֪Ӿݣת˲š
·͢뿪ƽȥʱɢˡ

Ǵ۽ޣͬñԹһ㣬૵˶˵ãȴط

ý©Ĺţģ֪ͷˣæһҡһкǽ

ȺüˣٲҴ򡭡

õĻû˵꣬㱻ݺݺǳʲô

ʲôΪԼǽĴСأսЩۣбһҲЩ󲻶

һͷķԸöηеŮˣҲʲô¡
ȷЩ

ԥҪҪϱſڵǴһ춯֮ǼٵĽŲ

仹Ѻ·ˣֵȥ
չչ䣬ֻӭ˸ۡڵĹӣģ忡úܣɫȴˣ񣬷·Ҫɱһ㡣

䲻ϵλһ֪Լﲻģæÿȵսսںߵĸ죬ǳһͷ⡭

ھ׸ĸ죬ʱɫɷף亹ֹסŲ鸡ѹûǸ˼

ΪξǶͷۣһֱʱΪˡ

Ϊ׵λ¹ӣǰвǵ竡

Ҳ켫ˡ
Ŵη룬Ҵҵعηǰͣºû˵ŵϻԲѵǣ·ûվȣ΢Ρ

Ǹλ곤Щ̾˿ţ

ΡΡԿǰȥϵ򿪡

Լ˲²⣬һԲؿţֻǽ¹ӿ첽̤ηҲңֱӰڵϣԲѵǱ˻С

ǣǡɢҵ޷ơ

ʶ߬䣬۽޲˲ѾЩ־壬ʱϳ

˳ǣҪ¶Цȴʱ

㡭ȥĶˣ˿ôյüǿ壬ôѽ

֣
·è̽צӣϲ᲻صһѡ

˵䣬Ǳۣϸܵ۽£ĵϢ΢·һ̾ͻϵ˼ûƽʱĴ򶨣־Щҵǣҡ

߸ϵ̫ϥţ˳ȾĽմ˵ϵĳ

¾ֶǰһĻĸ⡣
δ˼ʧ̬ǵ뾩Ҳ¶ӡȨʢõˮ©
ƺʵӲԡ
ģ˵ѵһˡ

һԵȴЦоǳ
ʣѾȷ׼˵ݣǣҶǡշתѰλûʲô⣬ûܲ

ˡòһڣ˺ѷΰû˵ꡣ

˼Сرܿ˸Ըӣȥ̫ҽ

׸̫ӼٵϢæ˼бŸŮ֪鲻á
һžһţˤ˵ϣæ˳ƹڵ

̫ڳǳƣ׸һĨһŸν¸ȥɻûüڣ̧ͷͷϱذһţڵء

˼ѹδͣ£Ǵ뿪

ǳ¾

̫Ӷŭˣ׸ְ֪ضǱסæ¾ٸң

λ׸Ϲү¼ǿҲմ״ʡʵмʵѧκξǶԼҷСӵϣͿúܡ

ҾȲ㣬¾޶Ե㻹รɡ

ٸ׸ϥǰʾ

֪ʶȤܿ
¾ۿ룬ǰЩӣ޵ѰƽһŮӹУҪʹͷ

׸Ůǡ

ʱһᷢޣ¾״ĵ𣬡ԭɣ֮Σ˵˵׼̫λҲҪ
˵꣬Ҳɵü
ԭЩŽ˼Ȱ£ɿΣ׼ǰ

׸ǰ仰˵ˣɫҰܡ

оڡëǸˣ֪̫ӲŹԼ¾ͬ˵˽֮£Ҳס

ˡ
ʶ㣬͸Լ




11.   11    ޣΪ

11

һĴ󳯻ϣԱ½࣬ص鵽߾ս¡˵˵ȥҲûʵ³ʱ䶼໥óƤ

˼ҹһû˯κʥԴ𣬳¶ϣѲˣҲļˣֻǿЩϻ

磬˼ĸ꣬

հǴӾ׸оȳ֮󣬱һֱߡ

̫ҽǰΪʱҲʼһ,ǵۣҲϵˡ
֮ȣԭδȬ˿ѩϼ˪Ŀġ

˼۵׶ˣᣬ޲ý׸һӴҡ

̫ҽֵģǳ˼յĸȡҲʩˡҩҲˣûаתļ
£ǶҪɵˡ

˼δģͨ־壬͸Ų̬ĺ죬żૣʲôһ

ֻдյǿֱڻա

͢
ŵĸ֣뾩Ѿδ

Ժؽ繣ַ·Īʹࡣ

ʳѰ

ڴһҹֱϳԾδѡ

ĳɢȥ˼Żظ̽δ㱻´Ľסˡ

ĬƬ̣Ը̻ظѯԼڹ¡

ʱͬգǴǰǸɢˡ

̫֮λοǱСϤĴǰġ
ʥԴѹϣдȫȻİǶֵģñ˸ľǿϡ

֮⣬ƽС

ĸ΢ؾ͹ˣ䣬ûͬմ״ʣ޽ٵ̵ġǷ̫֮λĳ¼ңҲеǣϵο

ǿøԹΨнؽϵøһЩܼȡõ֡

Ժ֮һƬţΨв
ҹ̫һҹ̫ҽŮȻҲҵģһûۣ׷׷̫ҽָڷտŮҲŶ˯

ʱŵȫȻİĳ֪ԼںδãȻ޴˻ź֪𳹵׻ǰΡ

·͢

͢˴˴
һʱɲסˡδһʹӿͷĿѣص˻ȥ

⶯㾪ѣۣæˣ

ǱһԵؿȥɵ͢أ

طˣ̫ӵڹݾӵĸۡ㻺طʵǵ½ظеġ
֪˳̫ʱõգҲûҶʣֻ޵ذʾ˾䡣

ȴֱ̫ӵ¡ƺˡ

ھЩʱգλ̫ӣڲ¥֮У²δ̫ѡ
û͢

ôأ
ֻ͢ǸǵѣʼҰ˸ӴţЩҲδˡ

̫ҽѵϢ֪յʱǰȥˣ

ǶϵĹٷһ仰û˵ҵͬǾŮһأָӭϡ

ϵˣմջӳײϹ¡

ʱ·ֻ͢Ժķֱ治壬¶ֲֻ͢ԼеĴС
͢Ǽ֮УֻǱ˴˲֪
ôˡ

Ȼվֻ谴ʱҩձ̫ҽԾܸ̫ӵһ˿д·ȥˡ

Ůɵرܿ˿ΪǸϴȵʰ׵֪ʱõİҩѾ˹
ȫѹֻ֣ҪԹź

ɬҩڣǲŸոüԳŮѾ۽ǹ΢

Ǵδƣ޴룬ֱڴݼ仯󣬲ֿʵںδ

ӦڹУ͵񷱶࣬賿ȥ󳯻£һֱŻظ

䡭ǿ۴ɫչȣ仹Զúܡ

͢飬ػʱãǻ뷽跨رܿһС˵ʲô

ǾԷĵ죬ûΪѡ

еŮǰСģҺ󣬷·Ųˡ
Ŀ⣬ȴǴЩ˵̽ζ

ֻŻڣѰ˸ͷź˾ϳȥԿŴͷ㶣ֻʱܹÿЩٿЩ

һֱȵĺɫĺϣԾû͢Ȼ

ۿɫ𽥰ȥǲЩĸ꣬Ҫȥ

λﲻ֪æʲôȥˣյģ˿Сϰ߱źҲһžӭȰ衣

һŲ鸡ֻܷǽš

ſڣδƿŵķţŮĵԼԼ
Ǵϵֽ£Ϣջء

λʲôͷ̫ӵһҹûۡ
ҹʱؽŸ֣·ǵʱùġӦǾʶ
ǵźˡ㿴أ˵׼˶λء
ò䲻̸ֹСúܣһ֪ʲô˼ģﹻϲλãҸģ˳ɾǸ檡
ľͶģѹʲô

²ţ檵ǶУȣȴֻֽŷ

ˡ
̫͢ӣ˳µϵλԺ檳Ⱥ

һӻججѹûǹЩ֮ǰڲ¥Ⱥ۹̫ѡġ

ǲû˼ȥʲô̫檵֣һ뵽ܻ֮͢ͽԵŮˣѾЩˡ

Ҿ뿪һǲڷкţ͵ˣһԺţ³ѹǵ˹ˣŰɡ

ЪϢأζûʲô˯ˡһŮͬ㺮˾䣬Цб趼ˣȵͱŽȥˡ

ϲ᲻صص£ԡźţʲô©˭Ҳ𡣡
˵꣬ˡ

ڱۣȴĪ飬תҡ

ŵƹ磬鿴ţ漴Цʵʱˣ˿ҪЩ

Ҳҡҡͷ˼ؿ㣬Ƭ̺ʵ͢ң

ִزϳƺ̫ӵ¡յؽš͢ÿһΣĶҪһأӲͷƤūڵźʱж̣鲢

ػʱ䣬ȻǾûˡ

Ҳǡ
͢δĴڣ£ǴˣЩŮֺ봧أ

꣬ԭΪԼ͢ʮ˽⣬ֱ˾Ž֣Ϊǰˡ

͢ģʵͷ





12.   12    ǵĴ

12

ݵ⣬سƤټ֣ϢƵعԱ˿þָɿסǰȥٳִ֡
һ˴շ̶

ʱĺϻѻŲٴĵۡ

²裬ѯʣ½ҹҪڹ𣿡

˼δ붫æʱֱ¸ҹҲʡȥ·ϵʱ
յȷвδֻչżеǣͷⱾӺظ

¾ͬ·˳׸Ծһ»ˡ

Ծ˼һ˲ʵ޵أ

޵÷ʳ֮˶ϽѾˡΨһ˫׵ĶŮҹͳиˡ¾һһʮػûҪΪ˼

׸ƽ°ȴǸɾ䡣

˼Ĭãˡ

ǲ׼ǣ޹ӵ˼¾Ȼ֪鷳Դһʹˡ

ùһѩҩѾǲȥС¾תǵĲҿƷȣǲѣȸձŰл

˼һ֪Ϸ԰֮£ڳ¾ʱڿο˵¡ֱҹۼǱϵˣʱĻеζʵ

δԸǣҲԼߡԸϲδʵ֪ѡ
ʱǣȳ䶨֮󣬽˽ӵ̸
û뵽

·ڤڤ֮춨Ƴ˿ա

˼صʱɫѾװһ·ɫҴңȴͣס˽Ų

ǻԲʱǴ粽ߣ֪ѣȴóȻȥˡ
ǡӡһ㡣
ҲΪûøοڡ

ʷŮҩ˼ѰͷҩԶ˽ҡ

ƹɺ磬ǡ

Ǹ˯ûãĵؿӭϣīĳ纾ͣ鷢£ż°͡
ֱǻȣݲ٣ЩʤµζҲ֪Щʲô֮£ž쵽ĵͷ˹
ӳġ

ôһ˲˼پǻصƽǣһ

չ黹ǲͬġ
ӭ˹ɴʱȴһƬ̺ŲĿ⡣

°ɡ˼̧źŮڴ£˴еҩ͵ǴߣȺҩʣµ飬ͬ㽲

ǵӦֻõֽӹûҪι

ǰǾġһֱճ˿գҪһźá

˼ֽƬ̺˻ָš
ŴǣƬ̺󣬽Լ뾩ԼԭĴ㡭

ǺȵúڴݼӿɤԾǶ˶ʱۣЩġ

˼Ŀڲźܺãȥ渵Ҳ˽͡
ѹʣ㰤˵

˼ǲܣŻվ˼ס֣ܵʶȴδɿǣҪҲáҪҲãҶϡ

߬ף˼֡

˼úܺÿһǶִʵ֣޳ǽڷʯһ㾫¡ǶīûʲôȤżϾʱҲְֵؽԼд֡
㣬͸繡

ȴֻԭ˼ȥɻδڣ˼ĽǸϤ˻һʱ侹޻˵

Ĭãʱڵðҡܾ𣿡

˼¡
û뵽ľǸɵˣӦԸʹȥˡ

صʱĿпڣľˡ

ЩӣҲûٷģ֪һ䣬Ҫˡᰴźɳơ

˼һֳŷԸ

ٻʱѾ泯£ҪЪϢ

ǣֻǣ˼޷ʣûʲôͬҽ𣿡

˳񣬴û󶯸ɸ
żͣ죬Ҳǹ˰վͺͺˡ

˼ûʲô˵ľ飬ҲֻãȻ޴룬˼֪ô

ʵԼԣǻҪŲģԵȡһʱ˵ʲô·Եòʱˡ

Ҳֻ̾˿Ҷüˡ
ҿʼһղǡ
Ҫأ

⻰˵ʵģ˼رܿˣӵڻУպǵǣôϺúÿң

ȵĺɨڶ࣬Ƴġ
ûٽȥ˼һѣ

˼Էſֹ˸ת˻

ԭŲϿôһûװ˯ˡһ̧ۣ˼忡ݡ

طǺúý˿һ⡣
Ӧ̫۵Եʣʱȣ˲٣ͨʣҲ·ͬ

ݲ΢Ĳ𡣷Ҫ˵Ļǰ͢ǸĶŵǰλӸλġ̫ӡ

˼δǰڼӣԷŵֻ̬һԲԾܸܵеı仯

ôؿţ˼ͷ΢̧ǰ˻ΣЦʵʲôأ

ǻعҡҡͷ

˼սЩޱߵ鷢˳ͨĶϻ𣿡

Щˡ

ǵδȫָҹȣѾ˲١ֻβ죬ӯˮ͸Źɿ

˼Ħգɻûͱƫͷ㿪ˡ£ЩΣ

±Ǽ⣬㻻Ѭ㡣

õƶ
Ϊ˼ǰõģǸճǻ˲ٹֵƳһζ㡣ϰ˼ǹζᵽԵѬ㣬ֻñŤˡ

˼û뵽ΪԵɣЦ͵æͷת򣬲ЩǸʹӻġǲϲζٻȥǡ

Ǻԥص˵ͷ

ֵƵģǿѰţֻܸԵġ˼°ͣЦôôԵ

⻰ЦûǻشǵĴ

ãǵľֹ˲Լͬ¡
Ǵؿţ˼ȶɵ´˿ݣֱؾ

ķޣķӦӻҪЩǱۣЩ߰ķ֮ԺͷӦ

ָµĵ䵽ʵ

˼ǹϵˣû೤ǹԶЩƽź

ЩƳһۣſ𣿡
źҩݼ仹ǻ֮ȥĿ⣬˼ȴѹû졣

˼ЦЦؿͦġ





13.   13    ˭˭޿Ρ

13

Ǳ׵ĥãԭûʳڵĻᡣ

һãټ˼ţܳװģûñ˯˹ȥ

ȵһ˯ѣ
˼֪ʱȻ뿪˵ȥˣĻɻظ

ױ̨ǰŮŪػ˻

ǰġ
˳׺͢㿪ʼΪ׼ʱ䶼æͼ񣬵б鷿ܡ
ʲô˵ֻһԷҲɾ㡣

Ҫڰ͢һ棬·𶼳˸¡

ʶѾǡ̫͢ӵ¡ǡ˼

˽֧ͷŮױƣѡ

ѭȥЩһоλλλۣƬ̣֧

⸮вһգѾ˺ȹ͹ͷ棬¿νʮ䡣
Ůź΢ǰʱҲǱϹϾ׶ԶҲ벻ڱ۵ġ

Ҳ֪ǾȣУǲ㡰С

ù֪ʲôãǡŮ˵Ԫáʱӭɴ

Ϸ԰º⻹ͷһؼ档
Ҳͼգ̫£ĪֻĴ

յĹ򣬾ô࡭Ԫǵ´ݵǶˣɫ԰ףҲûʲôѪɫ·һܴƵġ

ĥģԪᵽմȾҩζĥһҲ

㶣ɻˣ

ֹ׸һӶûˣ˵ʳ˶Ԫէʱ첻ѣܾ͸Ź졣ǵϢ֪͢ݺԭɻҲ˽͡
˳ɲʲôʳǸλ̫ӵйء

𾪵飬ԪҲ͢ûͬ£

ҡҡͷ
ǧͷû˵ǰ˼͸ǰֶûˡ

ˣһػ¡ԪûǴ˾䣬ˣغ̿

·ϣغ̾Ѿѹʱͬգ͢ѾǸ߸ϵ̫ӣ˵Ȼǰǰ
Ԫʱ鲻ԸӦ£ת۾֮Ժˡ
ףûӦ͢ڵݣҲûʲôη֮ġ

ǻﻰԾɴųɣ£𣿡

ԪƳһۣε̾˿
ǰ͵٩жྫ͢жٶۣٿˡ

꣬ҲʶԼ˵ɵ˷

ǰŸηҺžͳ£㲻˼֣ȻҲٲǣ档

˿ڲˮ󣬲ɱ˲յ

ڲǰ˺޲ߡţɲ̶̼յĹȻѾûˡ
Ԫ˵Ƕ
ȥͬһֶκԼˣǵƽͷգԴ˻ûȻ֮

˵˵ɣԪսЩѾ̴Ӷǲ˳ȥʶѹúõģ͢ôͳ̫ӣ

Ƕ񣬲û˼˵ˡ
ʵҲûʲôɸ˵ģ˼ϽȽȥδ漰ʲô˽֮¡

£ƵġԪп˾䣬׷ʵȻأ

ǲԣʲô

ԪͬƬ̣㲻ôԭ˰ɣ

ôţǾĪ

͢ǸʲôԻԪЩɸ֡ζôЩ£ֻһ赭дؽҹˣ

ǱʵóĬ˻˵Ȳѡ

Ԫҭ£а͢޳ܡ
Ǵ˵زԹʲô·𶼳˿

֪ģҶ̾˿һʱ䲻֪Ӻ˵

Ԫδ֮⣬ԭķ޷޲ƽ˰գ֪

Ů֮䣬˭˭޿κΡ
ӵ궬ճǰ಻סǰѯʿʼע˽յľ档

˳꣬ѵ죬ҪҪŹ䣿ԪӲػ˻⡣

ѹ֣ʶӦ漴ֳ

Щʱ÷ʱţԡδȫ·ԸūڼкźΪɸȰ

ػ˵һһ룬ǵҲûŪף˼ǲԼ⸮кúôţҪš

Ԫ̬ȷɻôˣ

ûʲôվظǳȥɡ
ô˼뷨ˣҪôСȥǻʲô˼

ϣ֪ҪźȰһأ̬ȼ˲Ըʹӱ

úù䣬κԴ뾩鷳¾ûϹֱղǵСԪҡȣͬЦߣȥҼҳׯ

˵Щûˣǹе

Ҳҵù֪ôģ˾û˹ȥȱµ˲ҲйϵͨԪ¾ͷۣⲮշתѰԴ߼˼õĲƥȻԭĵǶܰʱ

Ǽգĥ˵ͬ𣿡

Ԫ£ʶ˵˭

ǰǿɶǵؽšɡǸպ֪γƺ㺬áָ
Ī͸Щ롣

ȻõġԪ٩ĵλּëƤС£ѹֵۡ

ǵЩʱظͬһᡣ˵꣬ɫ

ԪΪûٷ˿ЦǾȴл̫ӵˡ

һһһ·ԭѹֵڵõЩ⡣ȵԪҵĳׯǱ¿ţƥϲӺ󣬱ԪһԺȲȥˡ

ɲûãѾ߼ææ˵ǰ¿Ϳƥӡ

ɴֻʣһƥǷеģֻǻûüѾʵ棬ȴûʹգӱ˭ȥҪԪȥ˵

˶ԣ鲢㺱
Ҳûգ˵ȻϲǾøˡ

ҵȵȣԪȴȥλǧС㡣

ǱǣߣǺЦεôûԣɺ𣿡

Ԫһﱻۣ׷Դ㵽С㵱Ԫɺδϡ

ԪŲ΢٣漴ֵҲܾŴ£¶ðӹö
˵ֻ꣬ͷ˸ɫο˳ģʲô

ǿЦõظһ·ǰδţͼԪͣסŲ

ѭ߿ȥҲɵ¡
Զλʵ˾ޣǲԲվҲ㹻Ŀ⣬޳ж˲۵ġ

˹ˣԪſôԹ

ǺٴԪϿ飬λ

⣬Ԫɿͬǽ͵ƽŮߣֵüг谮СţҪ÷Ҫ꣬Ҳ֡
˵ֹ꣬Ҫϣ͵Ķò꣬ɴûǸˣ

ǽ¡δλԹš

ڲ¥֮СϢմɷнµ̫ѡ˵ƽҵĶŮ߹󣬲ò˫ȫٳδױΪ˵ȴ¡

ԵǼҲ֪߹òȷԲ顣






14.   14    ȲҪͬ֡

14

һɫˣĪЩǱԪԵػͷۣѹš

ԪĪؿʣʲô

¡

ǰǲġ
ЩûٳԿ࣬ôѵ£Ҳûӱܣڶ뷨
ʣ·ܵɲƵġ

Ǵʲôʱʼģ

Ǻʶ㣬ɵóһ˶񣬽Щеû֮ԺƽؿλԹ

ĿԽǰԪϡ

ˣóԹɫ
Ŀ֮ӵζ̫ԣ˵мΣЩӸµǴΪʡ

ûٶܣ治ɫͬš

Ԫ漴쵽֮ǰ΢գĿ֮תתѹеɻµ⺮ѵѵׯһأϡͰ

ȴû⻰磬ֱ˵ƥɴҪˡ

Ȼ֪ôĿ˵ӣԪϻЩҲס
˵⻰ˣһڻؾˣƫƫôΥ˼պе鷳

ԪɲڣȴǸˡ

֪ӣЩʱѾҸˡǰźۼԪ֣Լϡ

⻰˵ίȴѹûݵ̨ף°΢΢̧𣺡֪ҿˡ

ֱ׳ˣǻû
ƢãҲƣǰԷϲֺøԷȨǽԵ

ʢ˵ģˣҲ˳ɲ顣

˵󵽡ʮϲҵҲǲáǲŲæ

˵⻰ʱʼչӯӯЦ⣬赭дشǼȴֽ˲÷
齩£üҪΣ

ǰʱҲ˿УҶһ󣬾۸ߵá˵ɷн£أһӶƥɴ
ҲҪϲֻңӱ㴦ˡ

ûɫĲģĿ⻹ֿԪһֱţҪ˵ġ

⽫ŽɣƳԵŮŮʱ⣬ڵĪſڿӰɣɴҲһƥ

˭˵أһʱҲЩڡ̾˿תЦ˵ϲ໨ЩǮҲ޷
ߣҲж֮ȻôʶģҲأ

⻰ָʲô

ɫѿ

ﻢˡ
ԼҵȻǲȱģֻˣǸɵǮԩͷǲԵÿٿѣеĶûǮƵġ

Ԫװףԭıһɨգţû¶Ц

ҲûߣϾؿš

Ƭ̺һЦҪǮ𣿸ǡ

üЦ
Լ⻰ֵѿֲˡ

ֻһȭ޻ϣĬƬ̣ƫͷȥԪʵļŮ죿Ҵǰδ

Ԫ֣⻰ʶǣֹ

Ѱɷϣȴô
˼δԼȢޣڸǽʳʵû˳ݣʹǶǺسһ䡰ˡ
ʱûüаš

Ԫ֪˼οģԵξУЩ
ýȢصķޣȴ·ʲô˵Ƶġ

չЦ⣬ζǰݣô˵ˣ

Ƥ¡
һʼɣȷ˳֪ԼݡԲŻдһʣҪѿ

ҲǸԹҲ˭Ů죬Ǹͷǵˡ赭дԵģͲˡ

Ǿưɡⵧ˵䣬뿪

ԪԼ뿪׵Цʱȥûһͨûأ
꣬Сǡ

㲻ͬװɵ㶣ЦдЩΣ

Ԫʱ֦ҶɵʱûӦԣҲعζˡ
ǻغԺѹ̫λãԽж

Ǹ˸޷֪£ֻ̾˾䣺ϢδҲ̫Щ

˼ȻҲյĹ֪޼ͷسţ㱻Ȳضˡ

˭˸̫ӷԪֻһ룬£̫λõģɲֹԼҡ

ʲôԼҵģȥɡǶԴ˲ٱܻ䣬ͬںһҲö⣬ֻͬ˵

飬ǲ˼ġ
һҪȢˡδ֪ԼʱηӦӦò㡣

ǲ֪Թⳡ֮л㣬ֻᷳҲѹ롰ơ

˼Żã˶ĹȰ»ظ
˰÷ɣŮлŴСĳ졣

ŸսԺţС˵ѣ˵̫ӵ²ǰѾˡ

һƳŵ飬ʲôοִҪţʱûʲôϵ

Ц̾˿

ǲǶ˼η壬Ǹ˵ˣʶôЩ꣬û˼ŭ

Ƭ÷ɣƵؽš

˼ʹʲôһԻЩ顣۾ؿţ۽޵ʹģӳԵø⾫¡

ǿֻ鶼·˲١

Ȼûüڣ˼Ų̧ۿ˹üͷ΢壬вһЦ⣬ǺЩ

Ŀע£ǶپǱˮվԭأûȥ

˼漴ʶԼʧְ̧̬˰üģ鷳̫ˡ
˵ţЦʵ廹ûãôţ

ųȥɢɢģܱڸҪá˼ɫ߽ŵ÷ɵݵǰ˵ǾõĸɻӣζȷҪҪ

˼ȻԪȥģ

ǰǵһں̽ſڵһ׮£æ

ͬҿ𣿡˼ĪСģȡõˣ˱˻ʲô£˵

ǽԪһﱻѺһ´ͷβˣֶⲹҴϣҲͬԪĻһѹء

һʲô£˼ָĳĵģһûػ

ǵͷֵУܷܷң𣿡

߾ʲôΣԪ峿ǶԹġԪȥܷܷһ
ԪãչܷܷûʲôϵǱʹ˼˼󣬽˸ӹ

˼ѹûʣ׵Ȼԡ

㾡Լ⣬˼ǵ֣Ľ֪ûӦѾ⸮еŮˡ

ʶط˾䣺𣿡

˼£Ŀͬӡ

ԭɢƿߡ

˭ͬ˵ʲô˼ʡ

ǽ˼УİЩʴӡ

̫ˡ
ǽ֮¶ǰǸ״ȲҪͬҪ֡Ƶġ

Ը˵˼ȴûʹ˷ŹһغԵ潫ػ

ǻûü㱻˼ס˺󾱣ڻ£δҲõ˵װ

㲻Լ֪һһʮȫˡ

΢΢ӳ˼ɫǿòʱЩˡ
ҳ˷Ը֮ʱŵ˳ȥ

һҼž򻨱ԼԼԽԽ

ʱգȲҪ˼ͳ𣬡һһĴ𸴡






15.   15    

15

Ĵ𸴣
˼仰һʱ侹֪ηӦǸáο

ƽĶۣûӿֳʲôϲ֮飬Щʧ䡣

˼ƺѾϰ˴ѹû׼ͣͬǷһҪκ£ֻҪصȴͺá

ֻԼ˼֮䣬ǸŲɴӰӰ´¿͸˼ÿ£ÿԹɫ

ġ
ǰѡ޸˼Ǿ£ദ崺硣ʱģصУٲʲô˼
˼ദЩϼ޻ˣΡ

ͷ

˼Ŀڰ̯ϣҲ֪ڳʲôüۼЩڲȥƣ롣
󾱵һûһĦţָ·бŵֻèƵġ

ǲڵ£ԭò״׼̯˼˵ףƣģȴˣǲǺۣ

ã˼αϣԼϥֱˣ˹ҳէҪ̫ˡʱǻЩ㵱տʼⲻҲ𣿡

ἰ£˼࣬ϲģ

ǰ򴽣ǾֻۣʲôΪѵģͬ˵˵

˼£ĵӦȴδԡ

зܵ˼ʵ̫ԣ׾ٵؿ˳ЩܸС

֪֮ԼҲó⣬Գһ֪ﲻʲôæô˵˼ིͬҲеġ
Ͼ˵ˣҲǰ׷ѿࡣ

ţɫҲ漴ʪ͸Źɿ

Ҫ˼룬˼ǵӶԼϣĴ

Ǵ۽ޣǹأֹ

ԭ󲡳ܲס˼ȾЩ|Ȼܳȥһգûʲôˡ

ֱ𣬵Ѿа⾰
˼ͣãĥ㼫׶顣ҧǵĶᳵ·|Ūš
ǷϣֻŽǷ·һſ

˼ߵĴϢأʱȴŮɿͨ˵ǳٸм

ԭ罬ʱѹ˼һѣҪµء

˼ȴûʱ֣°͵ϣ̾˿Ƭ̷ŷˡ

̧ۣյɢ¶ǣļź⡣˼ѣЦЩЪϢصҡ

Ų㡣˾䡣

ķѲپжλϴ֮ûñ⣬ǿŵ˻˼ٳû˯ˡ

ڶʱ߿ճλÿյģɹӡ

㿴ɻصҹٸµҹĹŵЪϢ鷿ǱЪˡ

ǵͷҲ֪˼±ȻѾȥˣֻദһ

ҹ˼˵ʱղҪţ䲻Ǻ⣬ʵʵ⸮С
һǲԪȥܷܷ緹ǰǽ˸˹

ܷܷѾԪԵ֪飬ǺõأǸꡣ

ǧޣǴЦȥˣڲǺúõ𣿡

ܷܷۣΪЦҲǡ

ܷܷһģʱİ䱻µϡ

Щʱ˾Ǳ߱ˣǰǱߵĻﾡͻصͬԪǸܷܷһʰһ߽͵Ԫ֪Ҫҽˡ

ԪΪǴµĻｹͷöرգ˼һ仰ÿ졣Ҳѹ˰ȨƣǺüˡ

Ǵз˼õǳ㣬ʣµϷ

ЩϹ˵ϰߣŵ֮Կһߡ㲻ӣתҲ׬ЩǮ

ԭ˵飬ȴ˿̸
Ҳ˵ѹţܣ˼ҲͬġûǸҪҲʱˡ

ǷǸ㹻ֵùϣò׬Ǯˡ

ܷܷȻضϣ߽ˣʵƽ㣬ʲôԣ

ûʲôǻعҡҡͷֻǣ֪ʲôˡ

ԸײźһˣĶôô׬ǮôЩѾһϰߣҲС
˼ݵĸı䣬ôЩϰߣͻȻҪ뿪ˡ

̾˿ǺаʵʵĳŮԸѵѬ㻻ʣµġɡ

Ժǳ¼ҵñԺС̨ͤ¥һӦȫɽʯľİҲʮ־ɣĿ

ǻǾƣܷܷţǾ͸ˡ

ҿܾǸµˮ鿳ϣͬһԵܷܷпһĪš

ܷܷżЦӳˣͺˡ

Ƿ˸ĥѰЩƳ㣬λ곤֣漴ʵλǣ

ǹĽϰ֣ܵ

λ޷߰ףȴ˸ͨ͸Źɳȡ
ͷһؼ棬ûǰ޵شǣĿ΢ڵϣ˰

ǻûü˼λϰֵ⣬ҲûŪĽʶվ漴£˻ȥ

չʱж̣ûϰ˼Ҫ£ôһλ곤ˡ

ūǷ̫ӵ֮ǰ̷˹еĹءֿżɽ⣬ЩӻסУְڣð֮˼¡

áӦź֪طӦ

ٷ¿˼͸źˣģɵġ

Ծнҵȷ˽⣬Ҳ֪ﲻԣָֻǣع˼Եġ

ūͬЩʱҪѧġ

ֶ˶米ֱͦǶɵһɢЩ
㱼䣬ѧӽĴ

ֲᶯӣ˵ʲôػֻǻ˵ʱԴǴؿ

ҪѧģҹС˽飬Դ̡ĿȾ˹
밲񣬾ԷȲ裬ҪѭĹء
ھ֮۸ӵĹϵҲμ£ʱŲھִʧ

ǴûӴЩҲ֪˼ηԸģֵ˼׼Щɾͼ򣬾춼̸

Ϊӣ䲻Ӧͷβû˵ֵ֣˼

˼ǰ˵ʱѵġ

ѧʱǻӳɵֽ󹬡ʱ㿪ʼһͷˮһ飬޴֡

ɫǵ˼ҲʼЩר۷

ԾûΣûþͱָˡ  
ӣƽǾˣǽվȵɡ

ڨڨЦ

ԭʱ˼ҪɻصԺȴֻϢ

˵æҹڹˡŮת

ǲЩʧԭҪ˼ҲֻҸ˵

ɽգ˼ûظ

ǲ֪оǷʲô£һˣԼڸвܳţ㲻Щĸꡣ
ټʱûס˾䡣

ū֮£̫ӵµ٣͸ش̽ˡ֮Դ𱸣ǹ֪ʷ

Ӧ˵ǡ
ȴûϲŭ¶ͷöûٿڡ

ĵȷȷίȻ˼̫ӣҲķôһ䶼ˣ

ǵܺ׽⼸ͽ͸ˡ
Ͽ۹ӣ˳ͣûԵĲãǸΪϲĹ

ˡūðѵ̬Щͬ˵飬Ӧף̫ӣ˭ķ

˫ֽգ̫ԵʣָѪ졣

ǲףֻԽܡ
ʶʱ˼ѾǸ߸ϵ̫ӣôܡھĭѰӺ±˴˼𱰣ʵĥ

ӽˡһ֮Уʱ˼ֻܵʲôʱæˡˣദʱ

ûɵģǺֽйʱȼĺޡ
ڴ˿ʲôҡ

Ӹ£һʩһ㡣

һ֪Ÿⷴθԭƽȵ̬Щ̡

ֽǵķӦ۵ף̾˿
ڹмʮ꣬顣Ů|ʱ񻰱Ѱɾһһһ˫ˣԸΥûԸԳġ
ǶҪ빬Ů˶ԣЩʵʵڴĥ

ȥߣͷһҪЪϢֲ԰תת

С꣬ūɡ

ǵ͵͵Ӧ
Ѿ𽥽ʱʱ˸ţֵĻ˵ЩҪԶ֣ʹӵʧְ

԰侫£ˣҲ

Ŀĵת˻ͣסŲŻϣŵ̨ͤȥЪ

δչ䣬жŻУǸеɨѾߡ

̫ӵѾЩûظˡ
󣬵Ѿ붫Ȼٵˡ
ǸλǸʲôأ


ԭųɢģû뵽ȴ¡

Ҳ֪ǲǸе̫ȤΨֵ˽ֵǲŻġ
أ⸮£ûۡ

Ҳǲ⣬ϾԼżҲ̲ס룬ʲôأ

Ѿ˽Ҳûɻ䣬ҡ۶˵ˣ͵תҪ뿪ȴָˡ

ΪҪߣһһѵǸɱӺصʱ򡣡






16.   16    Ͽܺá

16

Ŀתضţ
ЩѾϰֵĻΣνǽѡ

ַľִ٣ȴûʹ˷ŹĳˣȻܶһʱѵܶһ𣿡

صıǹأַͬǿ

ɣѾǲ෹̸ʣûнԵʡ
׷µûƲ塣
ףŲʡ֮֮Ľ

̫ӵָūԵҲ֪ʲôɫؽ˼˳˹Ҫٵ١

⸮е˶Լˣ빬Ҫôأ

ֻδ֮⣬ҧҧл㡣
˵̨꣬ס

۵˸߲ҵѾ߼ˢˢذˣид˾ʧ룬ǻŽûʱϴ

ǻڣһ˿ϣţˡ

˲Լͬعȥ״εǡǺдĹǰɡ

ǻŵҪûʱָ㽭ɽľ

ʯˣŶŶ˿˻
ûӡûˣĥ˻ҲûôǡһԵʵһͷ£˵Ӧôźã

ŹеĹأڱӣǴҲá͸ɭȻɨѾŵɪɪֵȻڹ⣬Ҳˣشʮӣˡ

˵ҪһλζЩ˹ȥ

Ҫ֪˼ʱѹڸУԺʹӴеúܡ˴Ѿߣٷûʲôȥġ
˵һһ£ҲΪ

ѾϥǰҿȶūаŻ˵Щ

ΪѹûϧƬ̼ѾˣŵĴ޻˦ڵأۡ

ǼΣ֪ηӦźá

Ƿ˴͸ʵʵ췣ǰôô򣬱һȡ

Ѿŵͣסˣʧǵعڵأƶߵӡ䲻֣ĿⰧؿǣܻת⡣

ƿĿ⣬ͷ֣Ƭ̺˵İɡ
˵ű뿪һ̶û

Ѿǵ棬ǲûصк󣬸˺һ̲סʵû᲻Щˣ

ⷣЩɱӺ˳أ̹ȻҪ֣Ҳá

ȻǼ£ϰΪҲûκθѾҵĿ޺밧󣬶ûκκۼ

ǶԴԶԣֻǰ˵ͷʾԼ˽ȥ

ԭţ˭ҲֲԴԾֵ˼Ϳعȥˡ
ûϵ²ûΪֹ

Ҳ֪ģѾ߼֮󣬾䲻һͷײǽϣѪ㵱Ҳˣܲ˾ôڸУæ˴ΣòײžȻ

Ϣʱܷܷͬһ÷

ϴź뵣ǣ´ͷβһ飬ɫġѾߵĲ״ףû˵

飬Ҳֵû𼱻ǵ𣿡ȴǸ˷粻ģ㲻أֵȻţֻܰӴ߾ǡ븮֮ǻԼ¡

ѾЩ飬֪ųû顣ۼŷ̬Ѿɶ׼ȴȴӲشˡ
ѹһףҲֻܽЩʻضĬ˳ȥ

һԲ˴棬ԼҲĥˡ

ͬ飬ͬأǸƯĸƼšҲЩ

ǿᷳһΪˣһ߽͵ջسϦģ׼Ҳѧʱɾ鷳ˡ

δҲ֪﾿ǺģЩֵǸ޳
˰ϵѨֻͷۡ

ĳǰ˵ĳϧƶ⡭

Ǵ˿˼ԼۣپڣֵĻ

ȻǲϹصġ
ȴģ̧ۿ֣ٴǿҪ

һ㶣ͬƬ̣дϢǷÿգūҲ˵׼

ʱǰǲʱϢȥԼԺз

ĺɫĺϵҹɫŨܷܷȰأûܰ˸Ȱطȥֻȡ˼ϣ纮塣

ֵСʱԶԶؼǸΡ
ʶվҪǰȥӭӣԥ֮󣬻վԭصȺ

Сŵǰ·˼ԺУŷվµǣüͷ𱸣ҹ纮ôźģ÷վţ

˲磬ֻϴ

ؿǡЩֵĻԴ˸ټջܵһҲãִҪȵģҾǡ

ǵװдϣ˼Ҳûգ££磬òҲá̫ǹҡ

˼ӲҲûҪȼܽ˸

Щӣ̫߰ˣº«ưġʵѲԲûܻ˼֣εҲϳαҪԼ

ԭֻըëèô˳ëһۣƽ٣鲻Ըȥ

˼ã˼һһʮؽ齲ˡ

ҵȷͬĥһĥӡ˼΢΢ףǲĿ󣬲㲻ܵؽ͵ЩԼӦҲֽģʵòĵ

֪Լ粻˼ûͷϲ᲻صҧ˿ڡ

˼ҡͷЦǵ°ͣʵ֪Ϊʲô𣿡

ΪʲôǺ첻

ǡĸźľˡ仰֮˼˵˳٣ܱͳҲһ

漴Щ
֪ôһ£ֻ׽Щֻǽһλķӡ

նĸ뷽跨رȫңȴûܱȫԼ˼۽ޣȥеһ֣Ͽܺúõġ

˼ϣֻԼǰ·ǸƤѧѹûӵĿġ

ҲűŤü˻ͷ

ʥ϶Τݣ˲ٻ¡ͷ˼ʵҲ𣿡






17.   17    ҵᷢΪޣޡ

17

⻰һЦĿתؿַ·ǵҪһŵ

˼ĵ飬ɢĳʵУѵ𣿡

˵Ȼǵʥˡ
˼·ȴްָ飬ûκξη

ϣǡ
δʥϣվ˼ȻҲʲôøС

㾡ԷģʲôʱҶǸģ˼ǵĳһתգҽ»ʺɡ

⻰ת̫ͻȻǺ޷һ˫һ۵ɵûԲ𾪡

˼ģЦˣֵų𣿡

ȻǸؿڻ˻ԾɾŽţɵΪʲôѽ

˼ż˹ЩæҲйءԭţȳ̸֮ٸġ

ûסһѣߴٵ׼ٶȦˡ

룬ڳ¼¡

ֱ˵úܣֱˣʲô

¼𣬵֧꣬£Ҳǽ˳΢鷳˼ĳЦʱͿ̫λá

⻹˼ͷһǰȷλ֮¡

¼ڻϣһλ¸صĺ壬ǴԹ󣬵á˼ģĽ͵Ѿٸ̶տҳ
ڽ߸ó»ʺһۡ㲻صǣʱֻֽܰĹ±ɡ

˼鰲ŵþν˼ȫ

˺һڴ֮лֲɵӣ֪ҵ
ȻǰҲҲһ

ɵӣ˼Ƶ̾˿ʵβҪֻҪϡ¼Ҳϣֲ๡

赭дȴ͸Ųɵƶ

ԭΪǲſڣЩ˵ȥ̧ۡ

Ϊʲô˼󣬽˴Щ˼ΪһȢ𣿡

˵ڣڸЩʱգûֿܡ

ִߴ֮ǰδЩ۵ʹӣҲΪԼЩʵû˵
ȷǳ΢䲻̫λ֣Ҳû취˼
ۼò䲻Ҳ㶥⣻ۼѧҲϵֵˮƽûͬЩ黭ͨĹᲢۡ

˼ȥԼҲţ˼Ȣ˻Щ

˼ûС
Žݾߣ뷽跨Ϊƽ·

δᣬޣʶ׳ŵǺˡ˼£֣ҵᷢΪޣۺʱεأܲġ

˼ٻһ˵黰¶ݣԭɢֱסҲáﲻʲôæķ񡣡

֮ǰ˵Щ˼ӵ뻳Уӽ㲻Եģֻѧء£빬֮Ϊִƺ󹬡ɺã

˼Ȼ£õǵƵĳ㡣
Ϥζ˼Ƿ·ջصص˵ͷá
˵꣬Ӳز˾䣺һѧġ

˼һǣЦǾͺá

鳹˵֮Ǳ㲻ǰǰ㻼ûʧһ˼ѧǡ

˼˵»ʺ󲻹ȥ߸Ǹ⾯ѣ³ʲô²õӡ
Լ޷ȴ˼˷顣

ԭͷҴ֮ЩӰ˵ĹϵֻһͷˮΪŴ£ӲͷƤ¼ؼ˸|Ųʮ

Ҫݼʺʱ˼ֵһҹڶһ빬ҲǻǵĽš

ٳǰǽʺϲֹһ飬Ĳɵ̤żֵѵЩ

£ʶԼ˼ǰߣ漴ͣס˽Ų
ֽ̹֮ʱ£ΪˣֱʱŷֲûСٻûϰߡ

˼˽޷

ˡȴǷ˽Ų˼һ˽ɢȥġ

˼Щ⣬׵Ҳá

˳빬˼ȥóᣬ򱻰ŵƽشЪϢƫȺ

ͷصʹǽĹţ߸ŵĵֻԿƵʼԶİ͸˲Щϡ

ƫ֮в̫裬ʯԶż°ۣϷż̨ɫɫıһ㡣
ϷŰͼ񻭸֮нƲʵţƤֽ

ֻһ˼жҪæ

ǲûǰԶԶضſ˻ȥˡȼ˼ǰõζ㣬ԾЩӦҲû˵ʲôȲˡ

˼Ҳû飬һ³Ѱʺӵ͹ȥ

ʳǱеĻҪһЩΰΡ롣ಽظ˼ԣϤΣȫȻİĻеο塣

ôţǶû¶ӡȻӦ˼ͻᾡá

̤͹Ǵʮ־ǰ̹Ĺأʰʹ۽ޣֻƳǱ߳»ʺȹڣԼ
һźȹС

ĸǵҵǸ˽㣡»ʺδڣеһͯ

ѾӦСǳǡ

ǰԪʱѾе֪Լڲ¥֮ײµǹǧ𡣺Ҳ֪ϤǳٸĶŮĸţؼ¶һš
»ʺҲǽӽзһʱգ۰úܡ

ôһͣ»ʺ϶ЩεЦǵؾнɡ

¼Ѿ˼̶£»ʺοܲΪѡټڣߵñ˳ˡ

Сס˻ǵĳ滰Żʺĸȥ԰ι㡣
˵ţֿǣƽҪҪһȥ

Щ⣬ĶûԴӦɫؿ˳»ʺ

ͷ빬Ҳȥ԰ľ°ɣ»ʺ̧̧֣΢΢һЦպ汾֦ƿ

ǰɿӦ
԰ȥ˼ȥԼЩʱǲӡ

뿪󣬵ʱ

»ʺϵķ飬Ƶؿڵ㿴ţѾͷΣ

ǹȥнЩͷݼûŵġһźִһʱ¹ĵز

йоأǸġ»ʺһӣҲ

ֻ⣬пϪʲ

ϪҲ⣬ۼòйܳҡ
˶֪̫ӣôƽƽС飬ʵŹˡ

ܹ˭أԼס»ʺʹӳ¾֪飬̫ˣҲǿʵзǡԼҰ̫̽ҲˣϪȴҪһʱ鱩¶̣

ѹǣⲻ֪ȴ˼һˡȻǰйԥ֮Ҳա

̫ӵº£ٳɴ£λƹﵹҲء⻰δ˵ֻ꣬ų»ʺҡҡͷ

Ҫ˵ֻŲ˰ˡ






18.   18    

18

˼ʱ͹»ʺùź󣬱ǲ˽˻

ǰ·ɫݵظšֱƫң˼֮󣬷ָ̧˸ؿڣ˿
δ¶ӣչ黹ǽŵġ

˼õĲƵǰΪˡ

ãʺﲢûΪҡŲյЦڣҴʱ䶼棬ദɶˡ

̶ٹãǳ¼ҵСˣͬȥ˼۽üҶЦ⣬ڵϲ¹

ǵͷѩɰǰϷ԰ʱҾͺϲˡߣԸҲãǹĴС㣬鲢ᡭ

ϲоǵĺô˼˻׵ҿ¹Ҳ׽㡣ͶԵԺ¼Ҳ·ȥ֮Զ

Ҳ˵ȳ֮ҪȥءЦü䣬ٲǰľн

˼Դּɡ

ƣ¼Ҵý޻
ǵǵֻ֣ϣ¼Ҳûôòæ

˼˼һҪͲˡڴ˴ЪϢЩʱ

ҹŽհݼ»ʺ֮£ûЪãиⷸڴ˸ǷͷáֻæȥΪҷġ

׵˼ȥۣϱĿϯʱ˯˹ȥ

˼û˯ϰߣ˰յŨ󣬱㿪ʼר־ش

仹Ѓź򣬵ϢģһƬž

Ҳ֪˶ãԼԻǰΰѼ䣬š

ݱϽıãǰЩt̨򸹵أʮǡ

һ˵ЩöݡۣӦ˼㱨

˻ֻ㡣ᵽĽ죬ǱߵĳǳعؿԶȫȻİġ
ǰЩӣֽ𾩳ʱҪãȻ

˼⼸ѾľμУеͼ֪˶ٱ飬ܸϳ¾˼·ҲԼļ⡣

ʥϻЩҼ⾭֧穣ľפݬ롣˼Խûһ첻Ϊʰ̯ӵģͷһصõĺϢ

Ͻ˾ٿɱ̫ƽʵڹ֮˼ǰ侲Գ֣ѵϲɫ
˵ţ

ϽרλǸʷҵ𣿡

¾δʷôһλӵܡ

˼üͷ΢΢ָ裬˼ֵ࣬Щ졭

δ䣬䴫죬ǲյ˵ϡ

ֻ֮һˣҲ֪ضֻ

˼ҡͷЦʾ̽ȥʰ
Ŀٴʱ£׹Ϊʧ̬ҲԼӺδࡱ֡

ԭǵڼңλĶӣСһ󣬺ӾȥˡѾûˣҲǻţЩȥ

缸϶ػϢǰǱ߱ûֻƬﴫø൱ԼҵܵһģʼշĲ£Ҳշת˴ȴͽ޹

˼ƽʱȥδı棬ֻ˴̽Ϣʱ֡
δ˵ȴ˻Ѿ

˵ྐྵţֻǵϸȥˡ괫ҪϢֱǰһݱʶƣЩɥһػ˾С
δݣ벻̽ľ鲼

ϽἰĹоټζԶ

˼Ƭ̣ö⣺˷ݣϸ۹ֻͣǽϽλСؾְɡ

¼ԨԴһģʵϽ¾˽š̫ӵ磬г¾Ϊȫǵñ㣬˳θࡣ
¾ûüò˼˿ڣʡѿ࣬ȻӦǡ

鶨¾ˡ˼ȥǡײ˳ǡ

ҷˣǸ࣡

Щ˼üʹˮ˵׼ֻͬͬա

˵ټҲȫ޿ܡ
ǽࡱļʴӣ߬˼䣬鲻Ըص

ûյϢ˴Ҳһ񣬻˶ٺվûǲ˵ڣתʵλϽϣôģ

˼Ƭ̣Ž֮´Խˣ¶ϲɫⲹ˾䣺ѾؾְʱͿȷ׼ǲƽλˡ

ȴƶôɵ飿Ȼ

вδ˼ȴûȥʵǺʱӾģ

ָͷ㣺ǰ

Ͻظࡣ㻹нڣҲ˳ˮۣ۹͵ͷú

п¼Ҿǳ֮ƣ˼ϵֻǲ޺ѡ
࣬Ǹֵÿġ

ö˼ѵٹѮǹ˵ٳǰ׼׵ʱԳ¼֧¶棬׹·

Ӧá






19.   19    û׼ôɻ졭

19

żȻ֪ϢǶʵ֮ϲ⾩еӣҲ֮һڴ

˼һӦӽڹУ뿪¼ұԺ㳹׹ǡ

صкʱ֮¸ܷܷԷ䵹Ѱǰѹŵ˱

ܷܷ־ϲҪǣǹӾܼˣ

Сѣǽģȴ飬èŻ棬ϵġ
ܷܷʱûٸ󺰡硱ֻĸ׹Ÿװһס߾ȥӾû
֪ȻԽҵǻϲ

ǰǷĿοӸң˵׬Ǯ֮ҪһζôЩ꣬ááܸˡ

ǰ긵Ѷãû˴Ҳû֮ʱҪŸլԺߡ
ܵùϢȴһ׮ǣҡ

ڸ֮ǰһ׮Ҫ£Ҳ˼רѵģ˵ٳ

Ϸʮ٣մ״ʵȻҪף٣Գ¼µĵλά߸ǲ
ʱ볯ҵŮ춼ǽ˻¶棬ǲܳκβ

ֵĽ飬¼ȥݻᣬλϷˡ

ôüĿ̬ȸǺͰףصıϵˡ
⣬Ҳ˷ļ񣬶߶

ǳʱЩܳҲףǹеĳ»ʺǹˣеĶˣ˼ݡ

ͺñǵ֣¼ԭĴ㣬ҲǲЩлȥݲͬ˻ʺϷ׿ڹػ

ԵɣͶұظ֮󣬱ĥָϷ˱
ʱֱµһȥҲı⡣

Сû飬黭ò֣һŮ廹㲻ӣƸĨ

ѡϡ軨ߣ롭
ֽЩأʣµʱ䶼Ĩϣδš

ֱԪǲŽƷ£˰С

Ҿ˵ôѰңԭæԪǾƷúõģô߻ǸĨ

ƵŲҲû˼İʵˡ

Ԫһ۵㵹ҲǷһ˼ġ˵꣬ڴЦô˵㽫ɾ̫ˡھǿԺٻˣҪ˭ٿѹҵĻ

Ϊ˹ڻЦ˻תˡ

ɡ䱻ЩʱգʧںݲɹױɴýΣԵɢɢһҲ׬˲١

˻ԸѾ߿ⷿϰԪ㿴ûʵ·ЩϳɣҲ׬ǮܱڿⷿҪá

עˡ
Ԫ£°̾˿µͬЦѽʱ׬ǮҿҪһɵġ

㡣Ц

δ깤ĨԼ˼ǰĶûٳй䡣Ԫ˻֮󣬱

ϣڴǰһսĨˡ

˴գϴͽҪͷ汸ãױһֱȥ

ݼϷ˺֮һְļ

ڿ֮ǰϷԺصģҪô¼Ҫôݵλߵġ˹ΣֻѾͨܲ¸ţپ֮Цӯӯؼ
ôСʵ˲ٴٹ˵ļҾ졣

ϢͨģͲ˸߰˰ˣ۱ۣһźؿţڲ֪ģ´ǰû¼ôһˣҲʳڣ˽ſά¼ҡ

ǴʼմЦֻˡ
źȲĹ򣬲ɫգû²յѾͨ˵ǵϪˡ

ͼ˸˵ķţһͷ֪⣬漴顣

մһϮȹ䣬ε觶ΣԵɫˡŽţĿͣһ˲ϷЦˣϷĪֲǡ
˵ţŮ񣬡ɺ꡷Һ˴»ɵģףϷ˸綫ٱɽ

ܺáϷ˺Цˣ˳޵ҿĻ־˲١

˷׷׸ͣάĻϵЦڿʱɫȴɵ˼֡

ǽϷ˵ٳ¶棬¼һػ˼Բǽ⣬Ҳ֪ܵ˵ɨˣֻǿ

⸱ѾܲˬȴòƵģǵǾźЦͿؼ

ĬƬ̣ƤЦⲻЦʺ˾䡣

ʱˣȥɡϷʱڣվ

ڵˮ磬ϷλھƷſٺҹŮǡǱ˴˼ʶ֮󣬹ϵ׽ıӽõֻĵʱ˵ѻֵۣ֬úܡ

֪ǵļգ޽飬ҲûŲǵ̸ȥֻЦš

Ȼ˲û׼ôɻȥ

ѵþһأֻԳԺȺȶȤоĿɨ

漴Ӧ͵ʲô

ɻվһĸУķһ

²ǲɫ߬˿ӣʶҪͷȥѰ֣

ⱨһûģһͷˮֻж˵ķݡ

ЩӣѾ߾ܣõϵĶ̸Щ飬չ߲˽ݾġ

Ʃ黭Ʃǰо
ͨīܱʫҲͼ׶ģƽϽŶ壬Լʫˡ

ԾǴǰǸƽˣ˵ùȥ£Ŀǳ¼λŮͷʫ˵Ц󷽡

һڹ㣬вԵģ˳ˮ뿴Цģⶨ˷ɻ

ʱЦеúܣŹֻˣǾ׵ģԡ¡Ϊۡ

⻰û˵꣬һ̴ٵĵͺѭȥǡǰյ顣

ϵıյ෭ţһƣȹϡ

ֻˣԴǸεؽ˾䣬ˡʧ㡣
˵꣬˻𴦻ȥˡ

ϵЦʶҧҧ

бձ̺ϣӺʱ
֪ĹѾͷ漴ȥֵȴٳûڡ



عֱԷ˱ƣҲš






20.   20    ǲвԡ

20

ŮǳšʱһȹԱʱ֮衣ְףǲڴһǴ򷭱յ漴ͷԸȥȡȹ

ǱΪ˶оųģȹҲŻȥԵķ׽Ū

յӦԺܺáּ޾ɣЦο
Դǵݺ͸˿ڣƺӡˡˡνʮֽ

ǿȨ֮ƣϾܲų󡣡̾˿˵׼Ҳˡ

Ҳûӵ¡
ϾͨīȨȡᣬѾǱȽϺõľˡ

ūˣֽԼϣ˼͸øλīŮ

Ҫˣ֣˵ʲôĻֶֻܺҲʮ¾ѧġ

ԸҪ翪ʼǡֿǵ㲻ԸĳҲ˵Ȩ֮ƣܻܲػˡ

£ֻͷˣεص˵ͷ

䲻ԸȥҲˣĥ˻˸µңˮǱߵĴȥ

ʱֵ磬ͷۡ
ѭֽ̧ڶϣƵߡ

û߼ԶԶԶؼ⡣

һǼƣ֪˳ɲżǳԼġε̾˿ֱͬԹôûûˣ

ϪǺŮСҪľûòģ˷Ȼƽüɴ˿ɼ̫Ҳʲô¡

̫λõ˶ȥˣ˿û㲻ġͺñȽյоΪһʱʲôã
֪ݵģȻҲ֪ΪʲôΪѡ
øΪԴ׵ͷѵͺõ

˵䣬Ѿ˸ǰƹﲻǻѣôôã

ôһģǿѹеĲͷ޿޵Цǹˡ

ǰԪҳׯӣ֪˹߻װɵ㶣ֻҪˣȦӴ̫
ϲɵˣֻһȭ޻ϡ

ǽˣЦΪѰ׾ӵĽڶ㿪ܷ̫ƽס͵𣿡

⻰˵ʵֱ޲ý˵ȽǻƤģˡ

ȴûʧֻ̬ɫЩ˵ЩʲôˡҲס

װɵƽһΪ˵治֪𣿡

ǲ㲻ܵͬƬ̣Ц⾪ȵĿзʵΪ˵治֪˼𣿡

Ϸ˵ٳҲԸִ˼ҵ¡ҪģǴ˾˺ֿˣָָ㣬ֻǲ֪ĳǷΪ˲෹̸أ

һеĻ˳⵽һľʧ룬֪Ҳǲ⡣

вңҧʡ

ǲвԡǵ˵䣬ҲֱͬԽȥˡ

߳ξǷŵ浴Ȼ޴棬عͷ֣СҷŻ᲻Щˣ

޷ֲûЦҵû뵽ﾹһ档

ҴǰģǱ챿࣬ɲðѼҵ׶ȥǸЦ͵ֻ˾֮زģоֹҪ˼ҪǸֻš

ص֮оȻһ䡣
ĵͤ˳ˮ졣

Ϸչͣù󣬱طЪϢȥˡǷ׷ǣߵò࣬Ҳ˱Ժ

ؿ˹ȥӽھУǰ˸¡֡

ǡ

νظ֮жλΣ˼ҳѣЪϢ

ΰ֮ʣһǧذתĽ
ɻ󣬲ۣһֻͨѩ׵Сèɫ籦ʯ¶צ۷ۣɰˡ

⡭ۣĿСè˼ϣһʱ־ϲôˣСèϲ

Сؽè˹ڻУЦü䣬۵ġ

żȻŵģϲ˳˹

֪˳ڳ¼Ǳ£˳·ģûĿСèϣʳָḧϵë

èǻаȵţûãͷز˲

ȻϲǾŽưɡ˼ѧߣèӣ̧֣޷󾱡

Ǳ÷漴ЦűܿЩ

ճ¼ҵ£ӦѾͬ˰ɡ˻ȥɵ̾˿˵ҪҰŽŮ

˼һ֪ڷʲô

ҾţԼⷽٸǲ鲻ԸԹǰڼУԽ̣Ҷȥοأ

˼ЦҶ̫ˡ
ʱûϵ뾩֮ų¾˵ǽǣ˵Ƿ޼Ĺ뷿֡

ôѧô죿ǲģ޲ðѡ顱дϡ

ѧţ͵Ǵʱ䡣˼Ϊ⣬Ƚ˹ٳָ㡣

˻ջǰˣƲƲǣðɡ

ɢϣèؿڣǾŰˣǰצ²ȶ˼ɫǰèĺ󾱣ϰ

ֹȴ˼ס˴ࡣ

èίؿŶĥˣͷԵ






21.   21    ûܿ˺㣬Ȼ

21

ԭ㣬ȹϷٳ£ܷܷ¹䣬ȥѰԪǸסˣЩڸУŲŲģֱҪƳˡ

˭֪תͷڶգ־ͬŮһλһīֻһ١塣

ǵ֪ճ֮緹Щûȥ

֣᲻Щˡѵ÷һֵİţǹ˲

ֶ̬٣ϣȴǴӲòģɫЩҹСʼѧġ𲽱ǲЩҪ²ܲϣ

䣬һҪ𣿡
ҵרСûôЩʮҪЩŮǣ̸ף

ﲻҪԣ˿˽УǼܹٸǿǰĽβ٣صġ

سû˻Ҳˡ

ֵİţǰＸûʲôпգܳţֻܽĵת͸Ԫ˳Լֿ

죬Ԫˡ

пãǵ˰յļ٣дһĴ֣ظȥԪ

ӹҲ̫ԪǺЦΪôġǻң㲻͹ѰˣҪѧЩ

ǰҲװʲôׯ̾˿ˣ˵Ȥİɡ

ҪôҸ㽲ЦԪһأĥ˻ѹȸǱߵķн˲ḷ́⣬˵Ƹĺֵúܡ

ȥҲʶط

еģոҲ޷ԪգգۣҪҪһ

ǰƽʱҲǸġ
ϾڹеĴС㣬ʱ⣬ˣҲûʲôɻ䡣

ʱͬգҧҧֲͬġ

㡭Ԫüȴ֪˵ʲôá

ǰİǰǹѵľ·ĥ룬ϲЩ㣬̸ֹĶǡء
Ҳ֪¹ֲϡ

˼ݽڸУҹŵ֡ŮˣǱĬЩıġ

Եʱ
Ԫû˵ڣҲµδ֮⣬˻ʱӿֹ˵ζ

ԪЩգĥŸôȣȴȿ˿ڡ

ֽո˼٣뿪ԺǸտʱЩɣܿö⣬٣ȰԳš

Ԫ˿ڸҲãżһţֻɢɢġ

Ȼ׵ز㶯øеĳڽŵȺ򣬽Ǵһس

˾ô̶ܷܷЩɣԪ뿪֮ѵƽ㣬᲻᲻̫ã֪ˣҪ

ݰ־ôҲܽȻʵ˼

ҶĻѧôЩϲģżһҲûʲôɣǴû˼ŭҲֵ֪ˣ˳Ҳѵ䣬ֻ߷Ҷд֡
ͷɣٲžҪƳˡ

븮ǹؾصѧ٣ȵԼǰװȰأִˣҲֻò

Ԫڸţ˳пû⸱װˡ

ױᳵ·ҹɫӳ£ǸüĿСӣֻҪսϸ治ܿ

ҹзֵúܣǾǣǸ⣬ĿϾӡѾδţʲô˳ۣòˣٶȥ
Ű⸬廹ܷܷƬ÷ӽüۼ価Ц⡣

ܷܷԭЩ˼ɣһɨյɫѵˣǾֵˡ

棬ǽĸʢĺݣԪվˣԾԾԣҪҪȥһۣ

еĸȡУҲܱԭߵȥԶϡЩ顣

ЩĶЩɡ
Ƭ̣Ⱥ·Ҳ⣬ȺòһأǾͿһۺˡһۡ

ֻǻûü̧ţﴫһУ漴ɧǼҴҵ⣬ﻹ߶ţɱˡɱˡ

ԭɢ˲ȥܷܷ֣߬ÿǸصģȥ֣ıԽԶԽá

Ԫɫʱڣˣǻظ

һͣҲûй˼Ӧá

˷ֵҹУֿڵȥȴǡײϸײײӰ

ʶطһѣ漴ŵ޵Ѫζ£ŵĵ˵ģ𾪣ã

Դڻ֮б˼ΣǾûá
˼ǲ˷ãʹӻõ뿪ˡ

ôҲû뵽ԼȻֵطǱģ

װ磬ó£ϳĮ΢Ц⣬˿㰡

ôˣǼһڸԼѪȥҽݡ

ȴҡҡͷ޷
˵ţǵ֣Ҫ뿪

ȥȰҡΣһ̱˹ȥۼֿסǾҪֱ㶵ˤˡ

ԪܷܷҲ漴ǰ˰֣ǣ

ʱŵġǽ÷ϳͣҽȥ

ԪҲǱԩȥģ

̾˿һʱ䲻֪ôӺ˵

ñѺеǡɱ򡱡

иŮȴɷ˴˼ҵѾߡֲżƼѣŮڸ˼ٲԴòˡ
Ǹľ
ΪûãǲŶޢ껪Ůûˣʬûͻ

뾡ӴһҵŮϲ|֮࣬ϵպ۸Ǵ۵úܡ
űʬ޵øγϡ

ɵȵҪɷȥ˵ȴ֣ɷ˶ʮӣ˽»Ƶء
֪ΣȴѹûҪŮǮ˯ԵŮȥˡ

÷˷һģ˲ͷһȭͷûãеļݺݵش̽ͷѨ

Уͬἰξʱ㲻ϿմѪġ

ҡҡͷ
ûʲôµģΪ׵ضñû

ûüȥǲҲܲµ֣ģ˳֪˵˭ŮŶֱ
ҹݵĶҲйϵ

ʧѪ࣬ȻѾڸҽݰȻڻ֮Сԥ˻˱Ժá

ڶһ磬ǸûüǱȥȼ֡

ǴûģȻ׼浽ʱ򣬻ǲ顣
Ʈػ˻ڵڸ̫ãһʱ𣬱ųŹ䡭ҪңҲˡ

ֻ˵˵Цˡ

ףعصˣԭͲ׻ÿ˼˼
˼ôҪæּëƤСҲδػƽϡ

ôҲûϵʱ֣˼Թˡ

ѾǵʰʱЩΪԼˣŰ˼֮һǺסڴ

С£ҲֵĵԹ
°Բۿ˼ԭȷĿ֮ȴǰֶ˵ˡ

˼ǰ֣صʱˡǷף򴽣ѡ

˼ȴûǵ棬Щźˡ

˭Ҳҷɪɪعһء

ѹֵü˴Ǽ⸱ΣǶȥ

˭ҲûϾ˼ڣɲġ

Ǳ˼缤ŭšüͷǺ⣿

ûܿ˺㣬ȻҪܷġ˼赭д

Ӳԭ鱻淴ǹҷʲô𣿲ǳŹҹаˣҲֵõ°ڳ𣿡

˼ͷ̧̧֣еʹӾ˳ȥ֪ԼǸ˶ʲô

£Щ̬ζɫԻ˭

죬˼֪һص˾䣬ƽСĶӡ

ͽдٹǵݼǵð|Ųʮֺüͷ

δͬŮ̷ңƽˡǧټƵض֣ǵ֪Ů顣
ô˵ƽļҽʵ˲ҹά

ΪˣأЩûܾȻ˼ۿƽҹϲѰ٣Ѱǹ˼ɳ¼ңֻѹȵ֮ѰңҹͻҪˡ

ǾʱʵҲϵܻ鷳û뵽ƽ˼ҡ߬ģͷ˼ҪΣ

˼ûͬȦӣԼ˽ȥ






22.   22    ˼㾿ʲ

22

˼̬ȣѾԼԤУ浱Į˵仰ʱĻǲɵó˳

Ĭ˼Ҳصȴš

һҼžУƺüѡǶ˶ƽһ磬ǽýȥܻ𣿡

Ȼǲܵġ
˼ҲмڳѺƭµƽ̣ö춯֡

ҲԵɵģǲԾ̧òҪΪŮָ

ߵؽõ˼ȴδкα仯üۼ͸Щ͡

ע֮£ԽԽ͡

ԩĸƽͷջðŽȥķգٹأ˼ôضһͲµġ
ֻǡںˡ

һ֪סǵʺ

ѧôãӦ֪ƽƴǣһȫһʱʰġ˼ͬԵСµˣ챻˳ңҲøһ

˼侲طףνоݡģǶԣνİˡ

Ǻƽǵľ¡
ʱй̹ռأ²ٰʧ಻ԡ˼д״Խϸ棬㱻вҲûۣڽʼٸ֮Է

ԵҲ¶

ǰȺϤջˮȻԵ˼գһ˻
Ľ˼òƷ˼Ϥչˣ˳µؽס

ôɽأ

ȨʱܹϧΪƽֹӸλ˼ɵķˡ

˵Ҫƽһ˭һǵҲѵŮͺϸð𣿶ʮӣһ𣿡

ͬôãλٲ£ԴΪأǻ˼㡰ǡ
֪õԼضܾĥû취˸ȥ

֪ʶȤԡǱղ˭Ҳ˼ǰʳĻȴǰ涼ֱ㶵ش㴰ֽʵ

ʶôЩ꣬Ŀ⣬ʼǰĽ壬ͷһ㣬λεʧ
˼ֻѪӿһһҪΪһˣ

Ȼδǻ˵óãԩҲֻȥ
ô֮أ

ǻϻƵĻصһˡ

㲻ǡ˼߬ǿǳ¼ҵŮҵ̫
Բ£ܸ¡
ϸվһΪǣôƫ̻ˣ

ϵƫأ۵ʶǰģ

仰Ǵ˼ʹе֮ɫѾΣʵ̵ֽĹغͳ㶼ѧȥˣ

˽˭ò
ʹǽ˱ᣬ˭Ҳţèȴûʲôɻ䣬˯֮ˡɵϥϣ˼죬צӡ

Բæһѣ˼Ҳ漴ֱܿϻ˼ۡ

ǽСԲڻУֹ

ĬƬ̺˼ʵǣҲ磬ֻһ䡪ǲΣҪŮˣ

Ҳܿȥ

˼ûٶԣֻ˵Ǻãϣ㲻ڡ

ǱͻȻתֵ̬Īϸʣȴ˼ֵ⸮кúţûҵ׼óš
˵ֶ꣬ⲹ˾䣺Ԫ

ԭƽЩ̬ʱըˣʵƾʲô

úôڸжܣʲô˼ʣ̫ͷ𣿡

Ǳ⼸仰ͨ巢ʶеԲøЩ

ԲЩšγѵػعʱԲĺ󾱣૵ǸҲá

ԲûͬգҲûצӣƺǾ쵽ѹĲ˲䡣

˼㣬ȥȴǺʵ㵱ʲô

ͣסŲعͷȥֻǴ۽ޣ΢΢

˼¼ӦʱԲͣҲΥ˼ʱͽвҡ
˼㾿ʲô

ѵؿڣͱ֮һ㴰ֽ






23.   23    Ľ

23

ǰ׷ݾ, ˽ףʵġ

ĸ֮ý֮ԡû˵, ֻԼÿЩﰵס׵ˣ͢
ɿڳһƳ, ۡ͢
Ϥϲּ͢͵, ˼ȥ, һء

ǻԵĹ, 㰮Ľĸ, ˳ҲڡһԵò, Щۡ

ʱû̫, ϲ̹ԡ
, ͢Ǹӣǵ, ֪Ҫˡ

͢Ҫʲôʱ, ǿЦƵ̽˾䣬Ҫ

Ȼ, ĵ͢ϼ˴㵵ɫû뵽й˵ֻ

ʵڿ֮ǰ, Ҳ
͢аִֵķӦֻԥһ˼Խ硣

ڲûС㵹, ͢üۼ˼Ц⣬Ҫķ

˫üͬЦľͺܺá

͢ЦȷȻС˵㡣

˳ˮۣ˵¾ô룬ʵЩʣʱֻŸˡ

Ϥ֪ԼҲ֪֮͢ĸʵԵȡǷųϱȶһȻ͢ĸһЩ
һֱûô黳
鿪͢ȴǸˣûᲢۡο˵ֻҪ͢Ҳϲ㹻ˡ

ֱ췭ظǲȻ֣ˡ

͢˼ĸ飬ƽСط¾ʱǹõģ˾֮󣬱㲻òΪԵĶòˡ

ʶôã˴δй
ֻᣬ˼ԾشߣδӣĬƬ̺Ҵҿڵʧȡ

ֻǻϻҶ洦侲̸ɡ˼˵꣬ת첽ȥ

Ƕ֮Ķӡ

ǿ˼Ӱʧ⣬߱߷ԸЩʲôԶȥУӦþǰ˵
δ׼ţԼԪ

˼ƺǾţԪջԲŻһ̬֣ҹΡ

жԪϵ֮ܽӴģѭ浸صܷܷ⣬ֻʣ˼ŵˡ

Ǵǰʱӥ
Ȼ˵Щһִ·˼ҪֻӥֶֻºһЩӾһЩˡ

ټıԺǸµĽ˿δ̤ԺŰ벽

õ֪º̾˿ĲҲŲ˶ãʱûܻΪңԼֵַ𣿡

ǵ˵ͷҡҡͷ̫֮ƽѾãᵽգΪ¡

üִˣûٶԣֻǰˡ

Ҫʲôֻܺúˡǳ˳ǣοһҪŮѧȥˡ

ʵѧ黭֮£ִ

ʼյ˼յĻϹѧǿЩ֮¸ѧϡ飬ʵûʲôȥıҪ

Ƶ룬˼ˣ̫ͷǾ͡
˰ɡ

ȴϵˣ뿪ǰⶣūתǻʧԣﲻҪƽϣҪȥ
˵ᷢΪޣۺʱεأġ

øƵģͬࡪ

˵˼ʵǿģֱҹΪ̫αҪ£е¼Ϊȫأ
˵˼էʥµ̯ӣνǾٲά裬Щע㵽
ܸͬ޷벻Ҫ


һ̸Ǳ˵ƿԣټ⸮еȷҲûԵ㻹ǰǰѧī

˼֮ǰ˵ȸ侲̸һֱʢĵȵûн˵
ķҲһȥƽľ

˶˵֡ϰٶǿĥԵ£ǽᵽ

˵ָı便ǺǻҲȥĥÿֵİţͰعš

ǰʱӣϻѰ̻׬ǮڲҪЩżߵˣȷ׼Ǻºա

գһڷ١
ȴԸǣ˿ⷿѰײѣǶȱŲˡ

˹زŪңûĵͣ£ֻ˾䣺ôˣ

ʶˣʱûܱסһĴݣ˶󣬷ŴعдϢʥϼݱˡ 

ǷָϣȻֹ

һ˵ʥЩ걻ɫͿ壬Τ󣬱ʹ²ಡ齡
Ϣû̫ͻȻˡ

𾪹󣬲ɱ˼

ʲôǺ飿ֻǡʹ죿

*

޵֮гŻ֮ȥҩζżְ㣬ԵһѾˣڲסɢƸζ

ЩѾɫͿգºͼΪǵûϣʲôη֮

˼Թۣް㱯⣬ֻſЦ

ȵ۲һϸĵҲһϸĸס
ЩһɣƾµϱɽգŮԻͷ֪Լ֣ȴװơ
ִ£еЦ

ʱգ˼ϵĮѾǺΣ۵ˣװס˭ҲҶ˵ʲô
Ͼ֮£Ѿûбˡ

һӦǼ׼׵žɣʡ˼ȵ۵壬һᶼû䣬ֻôһ䣬תţ¡

ȵ죬µۼλ
漰಻ʤ﹬⡢£ͣæµ

µ۵ʾ֮£ΪȵⶨֺΪ顱

ٹٰڽȡ֡ޡһʱ䣬ԭֵĳǷ·˳

Ժ֮УһƽͣŴ粻ɫ⣬ı䡣

԰ǿ죬޵ĹŮ˿ҵʹһ

ʹ֮ͤб˱īȴѵЩûʣܷܷһժȥˡ

ƽǵķ·߸Щؽ˺Сڣ˱˿ڣüûҼԺֵǿúóԡ

ܷܷ˳ΪȻص˵ͷɹԿ

ĥţȴСѾһ·ææ˹

ЩǺЦѵֿҪ˵㲻ˡ

븧ؿڴЩطȥ¡

üǳ˿ڵӷ£˲ϵ֭ҺŲæ£

ԺǱˣ˵ʥּﾡȥһּͬ

ϵĶһ١
ó¼ר̽ҹȥһּ£ʵѲ£Ҳôһ׮ˡ

оûŶˣĪЩ뷨Ǳִߴأ̧ŵġ

ƽ㣬ܷܷСۣôˣ岻𣿡

ǻعŷԼ־΢΢סܷܷһ૵ʲôأ

֮¸⼸´ûֹŵ˼ˡÿˣƽ͵ؽ˵ףʱ˵Ǿɢ
˼˾٣Ҫһʽҹ
ˡ

صкŮֽ£ױ纷ϼ󷽵λκ󣬱Ҫӵ¼Ժȥ

Ǻͣס˽Ųֵ

ȹ˹Ȼͼˡü۵ּ⣬Ȼ̼һģ¼ҲȺãǻǲҪٵ飬Щȥɡ

ҲȥҡҡͷҪ˵
ʥּһˣҲûлͷ·˼δġ

ɫģһ߷һ߶ĪҪ˵Цǿֻּ½֮ھܴǡʥ𣬳¼Ҳᱻǣۣʱ˶˳ǵЦ

ϵѪɫȥ
ʶǽʥּûлͷ·Ǵ˼ּʼûܾȨ

ԺԺԶǻûǺãѾˡ

¼Ѿ˽ּ㰸ؼҳϷ˶¶档Ǽ֮С˾䣺ƽ㣬Ĳû𣿡

ɫɷףǿ¶Ц
òϣ˼Ϊ֮ȷˡôЩ˵棬ûǸȥּҲýЩ޹ǣ

ǣֻ˹ؽּ

һگ顣
¾ɽ֮Уն£˼ױдʥּ

Ϻƺд֮ʣǴţֻԼ޸ϵ

ʥּ֮񲿹Ա漴¶Ц¼ҹֵϲϷͬ˼䣬漴ʹӽͷõǮָһǰּăǣؽһͳš

һվԭأЦȴҲ͸ЩӲ

¼Ůǽģ̲סֹ

̫ӽڳ¼£еζѴ⣬ƫƫû϶˹ڱԺ£ֻûʲô̫֮¡
ֻû뵽ֱӷ
һƽ̻Ůźϸ֦Ϻλһģûʲôϲɫ

Ǵ͸Ź졣

ֵ͵͵ؿǻعϷ˱裬岻Ϊɸˡ

Ǳһʥּķңط֮󣬹һ裬ûܳƽ

Ÿپģȴһʧָֻ⡣
ʺѪʱӿ˳ߵһ㣬Ǽ˼Ľβ֮ϡ

ԼһûԣܷܷƳ𼱻ǵ˴ˮҩ

ƽ㣬Ǿܣͬҽܷܷϸµذ˿ڣﲻʲôæ˵ùһЩ

ԴǸεҡҡͷûڣֻ˳ƽܷܷϡ

˶٣ǰһģʾ㡣

ܷܷ㱾ţһʧˮֵҰɹ̫ãѾнή
˼ǳĥա

򿴳鲻ãֱ˻䷽𲻾úķˡ

ٹգйֱǲŮ븮һǹأҲЭۺˡֽ͵ѰǹǰѾѧһ׹أй̰ɡ
ߣԺźˣҪ˭Ҳǰ˼

ԭûʲôʳ˵Щֱӷ˿ӣֱ˵ʵǲֻ빬Ҳܼ

ʥϹΪ֮ǲ빬ġ΢΢̾˿ǲôΪ˾ݣūǰѹٲҪ˵һءʥʥϣ˭ķ
Ϊʺִĸ£ֻ鰮ϡ

⻰˵òνء
ǿѾȥ˼ԼȴѵǿӲһأ׷ʵ˼𣿡

ʸڷϣˡ

ǲšҪ֪Ǹعصģǵ˼˼ᵱ˵Ļ

ҧҧ촽ʣȴܷܷţϢص˸ɫϸƽ㣬пհһ𣿡

ܷܷʵڲǸѵˣǰеɻµ߰ɡ
˵ţѾߵظ

ǲţܷܷԺȥ˷ŵʵʲô£

ܷܷŴСԪˡ

ǴΪ𾪡
Ҫ֪ûԪ
ڸгȥֻܷܷͬԪһƽ

Ҳ֪Ԫһ˳ġŷǱѹûͨǵ˼ķԸ

븮˳ǲ֪ʲôӻģԲŲ¶棬ֻշתܷܷȥѰ

Ȼսңֲ¡ϵ˷Ԫ

Ϊôģһģ㲻ɵЦ

Ҳûӵ¡˭أѹŶýֻ˵͡Ԫ˸ۣǣֳɵ㲻没˰ɡ

˵⸮Ӧǽʳţȴݵ÷·ʤ£ҲûʲôѪɫ

æҡҡͷϡ

Ԫ˿Ų㽲⡣
ھЪ⼸£־ȤųŹ䣬Ԥǰٻؼҡ

Ѿʰ׵ձҪ뾩ţһܷģⷨԪͷϵķָпϧ˶þҪ빬ʱ㣬ζ첻ȥˡ

ǳĬƬ̺Цġǰؾʱһȥ㡣

ҿɡҿɲǡԪ٩طԸŷң˳ǹҹУ㱻Ҹˡ
֪֮öìܣĵ̾˿ǰû˾ôС

ԪǼǹңûԼ˼ִתԵ顣

ֻɫԪҲ̸͵뿪ˡ˶·ĿıӰʧŻԺȥ

Ÿ̤ԺǵֱЩԾ

漴ӭ˳ѵʥˣ鷿

סˡ
ʱǰż˼֪ʱ뵽ԪʱӦѾ븮˿

̧գȽ˼һ˼ִֻ뽫˵ס

鷿Űţ΢͸

Ŷ룬ֻ˼վǰƽ֡Ļ

˼Ӧҹģϴīɫֱ׺ճδڣͬɫķէ֮£͸ż
΢΢ӳһ㾫ϸӣҹɫ֮УĪԵЩˡ

֮˼̧˹޵Ц⿪ڣˡ

䵭Ӧףôʲôûһ






24.   24    ٲὫ㿴ñԼ

24

ơ˵, Ǹˡ
˼Ҳû취ִЩӵĽ㲻ˣֻ̬Ⱥͻ, ʱܳӭȥ

Ȼ⼸ԣѾǰԹߡɾٹ, Ҳ浱ɶµĽ˿ȸ

װ׵ؽ䵭ϣǽ˼Щϰߡ

һ˫Ц, ټԵ, δЦ, ܴƼ, ȻѾˡ

ǰһʱ, ͷģ, ˼ֻѰ˸⣺ҴԷ֡Դг

û, ʱǲǵңЩѧĶѧȥˣشĻ

˼Ǻ, ˻, ź֪ؼϴʱݣε̾˿ʱȷʧԡ

ǽⷴӦ, ԳЦ

ԭΪ˼Ǵװɵ, ǰ֮һʴпܲΪ֮ǵ֮Ժˡ

ʵҲ˵ͨ
Ͼ˼̫ʱնôҪæ, ָȵۼݱȻѹϡľ֮ڵãԼµ䣬󶼵þĿ
ڶѻɽۡĳǰǼʲôأȻǹ˶þˡ

ҲֻԺһеҪŻʱִ

Ĭ˼ѵڳҪҪȥ䣿

Ǻһ䣬ʣôԼ뿪Ժˣߣ־ֶĻ塣

ܴӿ̱˼ϣȡκøС

֮ŵջȷܴƬ̺󣬵˵ͷ
ԺⷽʵˣҪȥɢɢģѰȥ˼̯ơ

ǡѮԲ¸ʣɫˮ

ǲŸճţӿɪż硣

˼нӹڼϣ޳ָƹɫϵǰ˸ᡣ

ʱĪ͸Щרע

ͷɫ˼㱼䣬صƽǡ
ûʲô񣬸˼ʲôݵλֻСѰһԷޣӹúͺ

˼ϤĿ⣬Цôңҿɾ͡

ǴӻоѣĿʱ˲٣תȥ

˼࣬ȳתۼ͸ʲôȥĵط𣿡

ͷԭתȦ漴ö⣺ȥ̨ɡ

˼Щ⣬ü΢
ֵȸֺͷȣ̨ʵǸȥƽﲢû˻ȥ
ûϵֵģȻҪȥǱߡ

һ˼ⷴӦ֪˾£ȴҲûʲôˡ

ǰʹ㾩Ǻģ˵Լֻʱ߰˰ˣֻϡǵи̨££磬˵Ƚ֮Ҫͬҵ̨¡

֮˼һʱ䲻֪˵Լ̫Ǽ̫á

Ƿûȴ˼룬ֱ˵޹أֻϲйء
ǻʱǵ泩֮£˼һᣬȻǵ

ŵǰװû·ϡԼԵƣǵûʧ̬ƽ͡
ò˵Щ֡ϰپӹΰ

ҲΪȻ˼ԲΪڴնĥ

˼ȴűŤ侲ǣǰǵԲŻǲֹȥǣĥӡ
ѾͷȴûԸԳο

ԸǵԼҲ赭д˵ֻϲйء

ô˼ص̨

˴Զȸֵҹ֣٣۸ɫ졢ʳ̯Ҳ޼ԹԵ¿Ȧֻ˰˼̨

˲ûʹ·˶̨£ˮ¹ʰϡ

˼ǲȿգ˳סСۣȴɵüôˣ

ǣһӦöϴδȱ
ϺõĲƷˮƵĲؽʹϹҲԸ̼ǵԺһݡ

ɷǵûƽʱ̬ЩϸǾѾЩ֡

ſںߣžǵˮ˰ɡ

˼⻰Цˣüչȵ˹У̫ҽȥƽӡ

ô󣿡ǵϸ̨󣬷˼֣߬Ƭ÷

»к£Ӹ̨ܽǾ۵ףҲƴӵ֮һȸ֡

ʯԣĿĵؿԶ
ҹ罫ޱߵɢңȴ˶αķ顣Ƿɣм֮֡ѩζûһĻ

˼Ŀͣãǡ

ǲԵػعͷδӦǰһ¹ⱻȥ롣
ҹ紵÷ļȵĺ漴һȡ

˼°ͣշת|࣬ͼ˿ĴʱȴǼСҧ¡

֣˼ϣ֮ľֵԶЩ

˼¹⣬ڿ飬룬Ӧдɻ󲻽⡣

㲻Ϊҳһأܽǰȥɣǹ˹ͷϴηֱʱ˵Ҫ侲һ̸⼸Ѿ㹻侲ҲǸشá
㲻ȷĴ𸴣Ͳᷭƪ

˼ɫҲ
ϲͱʣҲС

ôԳĬ˻ǵ̬Ծδаɶ˼ſڣһҪֵͬɢ𣿡

ǲδʶʵǳг£Ҳһܣ̫ƽ𣿡

˼˷·ȡһ

˵ڣǾ˵ɡ㽫ҿèһĳ˾ͽͣ˾𷣣һӸ棬Ž̵ΪֹԽ˵Խ죬˼ıƽŲֱʯ֮ϡ

˼ͷ֣⻰|ԼҲҵ⡣Ҫٺˡ

š
ᵽϤĳ㣬ԭõЩ⣬漴ӣҪܿ
˼ȴûҪŹ˼ؿ

һأҪ˼֣̫⣬ûܳɹ

㽫ĽڸУҾ˼ú÷ʡǵ˿֪Щʲô𣿡

˼ؿĿ

롪ӽٲὫ㿴ñԼҪˡǵᣬ漴紵ɢ

¹ϣԭɵһ˫һۣʱȴžһƽ޲

˼Īһ˿ңвԾشЩвζ˵һ飿

ӽ󡭡
עӣǾҪǻظһء

ֻǲŸտڣͱ˼ס˴࣬ػ˺첻ʡ

ǱӲʯϣѵЩۣ˼ؾ֮󣬼ֱЩ
ɵŭĻҧһڡ

漴Ѫζڴݼӿ˼δɿֿ̧סĺ󾱣ǵø|Щ

·Ǿ˵ڵĻջƵġ






25.   25    Լ

25

Ǵûֱ۵ظܵ˼֮, ôûܴѡ

ݼ÷ζһѪζʴӡ

Ҳ֪˶, ˼˿Щ˳ǲͷڵش

˼̬ȻЩ, ֲ̧ȥ˴ǵѪգдЩΣôˣ

áû

ôһ˲, Ǽֱ˼ҪԼƵ, , Ǹˡ
˾֮ˣǰ, ֻûܾ쵽

Ǻͷ, ȷֻһ㡪ϲˡ

ţҲʵ˵ˡ

Һᱻǿ, ֱ̧˼ǿ, ôһأҾҪͬ㷭ˡ

ô˼˵, νָ˲ܱη, ǰṧġ
Ҳ, Żʲôͬ˵ʲô

Ρ

˼֪ǵƢ, Ҳûͬƽϣ΢΢ʾԼ˽ȥ¶أȥ岻, ȥɡ

ؿҹͷҲصؼŽҹػȥ

˼ЩԶԣϾȷġ
ʵǣԵɲһٳɣŭƫ̻ԼҲĥһĥ顣

Щ黭ѧвСϽǵûĥƽͣ

Ҫ֪ǴǰǾԲӶûġ

ټϷǾʧ̬Դǣ˼ȻʶĥȥģʵǶİ⡣

һͷԺк󣬾Щҡ

ĳ˵ʵ޿֡
һ֪ǰǰ̫࣬ҲȷԴǰ˼ȫ
ǰ˵ЩǺ޸ݵĿߡ

ֱǲáֱͣ˵ؽͱǰ˼һ㡣

һΪڡõȴ룬һأضԴǡ

Ҳã˼ĬƬ̺󣬿ڵ븮ȥﶼ㡣

ڹҲûˣǻعͷƳһۣܲ빬𣿡

⻰ſһЦ˼ȴĪţǵڿǴ¡

ܣ˼˵ʶԼ̬Щ̫ǿӲŻЩЦйڳﱸ֮£ʥּ£Ƕ֪㽫Ϊʺǲ빬ǺλҪ˭

ǲǲ

ɷϵǣ˼ΪΪ˲ٹ򡣶Ѹ£ѡ
˼ĲûҪֵ췭ظĵز

Ҳûô׾͵ͷ빬ԣô˵ҪԼ

֪ģЩ궫ܹˣ潫Ȼһšͬʹ󣬵пһ죬ϣ˽빬Ȩ
˼ü漴ֲ

õʵǺã˼ҭ£Ƭ̺󿪿ڵɡ̫Ƶ빬һΡ

һһءó⻮۵̬ȡ

֮󣬶һء

˼ûٶ˵ʲôֻҪСģһϢȥǳ̫󣬶׾ٽҹȥġ

£磬̨һյ£˵֪߸ϣϰ˶רСɵ£ûǰ
¸ı䲻ʲôҲҺЩ

Ծǵģ˼ȴ⻰ЩίһӦ

Ӧ˳죬ҲûˣֻŴǰܹȥԼ̫ɵЩ
Ԫ˵ǰ㣬Ȿԩͷ

ҹɫʣһ񣬱ûܿµ̨ףȿˡ

˼һֱţۼֿŲǱˤ

ô˼ʳڣͼ۵СŤŽˣ

Ҳ֪ôˣ۵Ļ˵ڣֻܵ˵ͷһᣬ˼
ʶҪֹ̧˼Ĳһ룬ֽ˻ȥ
˼˿Уٸн

Щʶϰߣջȥǰͬ˵Ǿ仰Ƕĥ֮󣬽ʱգĵȷȷǲͬˡ

֮ϱųõҩ˼ŵƻ𿴼۵ɷ׵Сҩͬҿ

ǸЩ룬ҲԼһЩʹ

޼ûʲôܻģȥЬ֮ƳǺ׵Ľף̲סԹ˾䣺⾩ˡ

ôģ˼ҡͷЦѵЩۣЩ

׼浱˼ҩʱȴ۵ЩгҧԼ

˼۵ģһʱҲЩ̣Ҫ˲У󿪿ڵ˵Եķַɡ

ǵͷһ׮õ£æʵؾ𣿡

Ҳ֪ǲǴʳڣֻ˼ϵЩæҧ䡣

˼Щ˻ʵǰЩӻؾְҲˣȷƽǳ

ҲǱڸУδţϢúܡȻ͸֪ǽŮ۵ص㡣

ЩԵ竲ͬĹʵʵڿԼġδڱ˳ɾ͵꽫ģÿʣȻϲ
Χдͷ󣬲ٴֹеĹŮ⡣

ýζɡ

ҰŸʵʱ˼ո˵ûʣˡ

ǵӦ
ֲЩǡϾֱôЩ꣬Ǽ治ʶ֪ʱ᲻Ρ

˼һ绹гᣬίʵޣͻظк󣬽һҹعȥˡ

ǴǰܲܶԼҲ޸жˣɶסôú󣬶Դ˱пˡ

Ψһǣ˲֪Ҫòܺã⼸ձȻûŵġ

ڶԺЩ߶Ծɲס
ǰϿ飬ĥʫɣ˵ŷǱߵϢһλոĽá

£ʱӦȴЩɻ

˼ҹ˵Ⱥʵʱż棬ôһ磬ˣ

ɻɻܻҪġ
ǷԸСѾȥܷܷһ˷ţŲ˻ȥ

δеĸ໹Ƕǰģľװʱһʱ侹ûܷӦ
üβһضϵỊ̇Ӧɳ֮µģƽ˼
ſ˻ŴǷüۼ䣬ѰЩʶĸо

˭Ҳû˵ֲԼͬЦ

綼ôˣܷܷЦһôЩ꣬ڽˣǶˡ

Ǹ͵ѽ

ҼԻҪЩģţϳ೤üһЩ⡣

Ļ˿ҡͷЦҲҪƽ𣿡

˵ţ֧ʹܷܷȥǰ̺õ˱ȡЩ׬ЩǮţܰǷݽˡ

ǸȲ˵Ŀתؿɻʥϡôһ£






26.   26    

26

Ը, һʱûܴԭЦҲ֮ЩʶؽźȲιȥ

˶ܿϸ΢仯, ˵˼ϸòԹɫˡ

㲻𣿡šüʵ

Цʱüۼʢ
ǲ˲Ǽ, ϵǲáֻ˵һʱҲ˵

еĻػ֮, ĬƬ̺, Լгǰ˽Ǳ, , δٴϢȥԭǴؾְ, Ѱٻƽǣûþ͸ȵۼݱ
ʥϽ, ѲЩȥ

ͻƽǵ, ȴһױţԼ۹͵õĴʹ͡ʹӻδؾ, ɢº, ȴʥ֪ǵϢ

ЩŵѪӣҲǼ˴, ʥ赭дʱԾ, þδƽ

֪Ǽ˸Ҳ֪µ䣬δ֮ϵ

ʥϲûʹ˶ԣֻ˵ǵȸѰʵʱټ൱ʱӦ, ɳ֮ôҲ಻ס֪ʵʱҪȵʱˡ

Ѷǽҡۼúõģܳ׷ˡǴܷܷӹ˲Է˷ٿʱЩٿǮҲ㲻ʲô

ʱ㲻ϸ󣬵ΪƷйǵӡֻǺȾҽҩ˼л㲻ò뷽跨׬Ǯ·

Ͳʲô׬ѹġ
ڸײǰǿЦ⣬˽ҩĺʹʱȴֹסᣬܾ·ˡ

Ϊȵꡣ

Ҳʱ˰ԣֻʣ׬ǮΪûۣƤΪ飬ΪҪӲö֮ҲͿˡ
˵ʲôģΨԼеǮġ

긵뿪ƽȥʱԼӾõǮһ⣬˵ǵȹֻ
˭Ҳȱˡ

ǻͽһ壬ŵ潻Ǽ׮Խĳŵ

ɸȴûա

治סǮûþͶˮƵóȥˡԳ˾䣬ڵͻĴŰɣùȥˣҪ

Ǽǰô֦ҶģɵһЦӦ

ಢû
ʱ⣬ʵвµŴһֱڴ˵顣ߣڵݣȥҲʡ
ǲƽǣҲˡ

ǣҲʶվҪ͡˽ϵˣ߳һǣ˴۵õ˿

ôˣʱعǰһɨ㿴˳ˣ

ûŤˣʲô¡ǰ˰֣ͷŽߵĸ࣬ûסп˾䣬ôôడ
Ÿսŵʱ⵽ˣվٿԾɾ⡣

ǱȸҪһ࣬ʱҪЩģֱֱʱͷҲû̫࣬ȴòͷˡ

̧֣ͷرȻ£٩ˡ

ǵһۣЦȻҪæͱﵢˣȽŲ㣬վͲˡ

ؿһۣת뿪

һǱʲôǹҵ£һڼˣһԾŮѧ

ʮµ׻ڽйҲҪǲŮԺѧءޡʱȻûʲôŵĻᣬǵϣڹ֮ǰȥһ䡣

һսĿĵض˳¡

Ѿˣˬ˵ɽɢģܷܷǾﶼһãҪȥ㣬Щķ𾭹УΪŮ

ԭŻװᳵУֻ·룬ȴָȰסˡ

ʢ׼ϳġگºʱøСĲǣ㣬ڸ

۹أǴ˵ֵģֻ˼Ůúװһ

ȹ߸ľ·Լţ·øЩСЩӵĹչûѧ·ƣׯֲʧ

ֿУ⣬ԾܸʥϽ

ϹЦ⣬ȴܾŲڣֻ뻻װع䣬ʹǴӵţһһöС

ݹȥ飬ȥȲ衣

ǰλзĵۣλʱʢ֮磬ºɽһƬԺԱ
ר̹ס޼Ъŵȥ

ǻͷعʲô档ֻûüϸƳһԵֺ󣬱֪ʶȤջĿ⣬һׯص

һյ־ȤͬȥǱ߿

ʱ·ϣǾ⵽һƬѤķ֣Զϼһ㣬ɷۡ

ֶڴĿ⣬ԥӦ

׿ϺʱͶЦ⣬·Ҳ֮鶯١ǺЦε̾ôǺԣ

ϸǵҲСʮšԵĹʹ˺ӣӣׯء
ȴܡ

һԵɹδϡŵȵ˺ӡĸ֮󣬼ϵˣͿϰˡ

ɡ
ָһ㣬֪ʶǷѾ࣬ȴδС

ҲûĸǷԵҴ壬ʹߴſ򡢱Уֻͨˡ

ǰĶǽǹأδǹ£ͻȻ𣬱Ҳûͷ޳
Ǻúõģôûأ

ǶԴ˺ܷܷǰͷ

µȷǾøʢȥɽˮģ·𶼱ȱҪãƢ

̤֣ǱƼԶͤиӰ߽Щλݣɵһ

ǰڹ˵ϣѾ뾩й㣬䲻ϲ⣬ȴҲòòƵѹȺ
ǰλˣò˿

ֲǰʢˣ˵񻡢ϳǿ˶Ϊ֮⶯

һԵܷܷҲ̲סп˾䣺ÿ

ǲûǰţǻͷ֣ʵļҵĹﰡû

Ҳ֪ЩʲôȻڸˣĵʧ̬һء

Ǵû˼ģĪЩЦǰ
ֲ֪ǵȰЦˣЦǻѿ

ˡūʧ̬ȸʵ﷽ʲô

ʰλļҵģŴӦѰǰڹʱȴû࣬ǺȷԼδȻӡŶԡ

ۣͤǰ¹ģм⡣

Ȼʶˣϵ

ϴˡȴҡҡͷݼ¶꣬ͻȻؾ






27.   27    ѧԨĲŮ

27

ݼңѵü㷴Ӧ, ҷ·û⻧˼ҡ

ǰϸͬдٹǵĳԼ֮Ĺϵ, ѧʹǶ
ôЩ֮Уûݵġ

˵ֳƬ̺, ûʱͬףֻ˵, ūȥ䡣

ǲϵͤλ, ֪, ûóȻǰ, ׵ֻȥǡҲ߶, ֻܷܷ⸽

ͣ˼ϵ, ִǿдžء
ʱʵֵ˼¡

Ʃ, û˵ʲôԼ쵽²ҪͬԼݼҵ, ûһͬȥ͡

¼ͤ, дԶ׼˸УҲûʼ¡

ֻ͹֮, Լիʱ, ݼҵ顣

һ壬ԭҲǾеŵڡ
ݼһλùɫŮѡ˺󹬣ǡ˼ĸͬһദ, ׽һ㡣

ʱĺΤʢ裬裬Ժյĳ»ʺҲòâǲ˵ˡ

ݡ̶˽ûʲô֮ģֻƽվͺã˭֪ϾһѵõС
ԭӦǴϲ£ʱȴֻо塣

Թزۺ󣬹еƵģٻеɶû˳ºӣҪôḁ̊́ҪôѲһʬ
Դˣ˽¸д⡣
ҪϸĻҲǺͷʥȴѹûҪ׷˼ʹͰ֮󣬱ǽҹȥˡ

˷˼ã󵨵뷨еϢȵº֮ĵͳ˹

Ƿ˲ٹԲѡȫҲйЩ¶ʱ򣬵ڳ»ʺ֪֮Ĭ˴£ڰæǾһضȹˡ

̼ʱûʲôˣСͳ󣬱ϢиݼҡΪɣҲûҸʲôݣֻĸ£ǸѰʹ֮ӡ
֪޼Ҳؿƿ

ٺе򲡹ȥ֮ñΤһѳ֣ģүӲԸۣ֮ͬԴ˺ԺĹְټˡ

˼Ͳἰ£ԼĳǻĪ⻹ͷһ֪ȥø

Ȼδй굱֮£ѾݼŨŨĺøСϾûң˼δܺúû

Ƿŷλݼ𣿡ʶҧҧ⣬Ӧ֮漴ؾط¡

΢΢ףݼҳĵŮȽģ뵱깬λﳤмūҲ˲ϳġ

ݼ£үӿ߳зԸͬۡ
ҪΪ;ÿ񴺻ԣݼӵǰиʷȵۼݱµ۵ǻݼұؾ

ү缸ѾķھʱסֽáȽ£һǽүһЩｻס֣ڱԺס

ֽԼ֪ǣɫ

ݼҵ࣬˷ؾʲôѴǻǵöźáԹԵĥţի֮󣬷һ׮ֳɵݼ£ô뿪أ

ǻǵԼƽ˼ʱһˣһʱգǸͷβ
ѵ˼ݼ֮䣬йʲô϶

˼ˣǵǲóȻ£ֻŵȽ빬֮Ѱʵʱ˼һ¡

û빬ܿ˴𰸡

˼ݼµլԺ̣͵ĸʽ̧ʮӡ⣬ԺԺֶȱΪɣӦĳġټóү뺲Ժ˵үӵĹְ
䲻ʲôҪְΣеؿɼһߡ
йʲô϶ӡ

ºܿھд֪ʥڡ˭ҲûȥûȤ׷ݼ

СѾϢúܣԽԼߺ󣬶ԾʱʢϢţ֪ºд

ûǸ˼̫࣬йѾǲλŮסԺߣΪĵۺ׼

䷱úܣҪóȻһ˵ȶܵǣ
Ҳˣ⼸λŮֵҪҪϿЩ

Ǳ¸ĥ޾ɣյݼͻʱ㲻Щ⶯

ͻݹһֲٰ죬Զдġ
Ů˼£Ѿֱܷӣֻɨһۣ㲻ɵ̾˾䡰ˡ

ݹдһּƯСǰ壬м䶼͸ˮƵƮݳ

ǼѧԨĲŮ
Ǹп˾䣬ٿԼЩʱ֣ԽԽ˳ۣԶһţ˷ֽ¨С

ôһԭҪŸҲ

Ͼͻϣ˵׼ҪǸģܻܿҪʫԣѧ˲٣Զûѧʮ˱ȡ
ʱܲٴ򷭾Ʊʵʵڼбޣһ²һµĺá

öǲЩشɿſţĪЩϤĸо

ǷڴǰǱȻƲģֻּĺͲġôЩҲǰѧģѾܿʷ桢

ֶſ˻Žɵشȡ˱˼µı飬עĵطһȶԡ
ԼϤдӺζ

µҲѽͣϾ˼Сݼҳƫּٵͬһ

Ƿ˻㶣ʷŮ룬㽫֮Ժˡ

ڶýз˾ϣڽʺ¸Ƴ͵Ժ¡

Ǵδļ¡
ɫĳ˿ˮһ㣬ԶļŸʽĻ̿Խߡȸɵķβڵ񻨴͸չԡ⣬׺żֵǵ鱦ʯƲۡ

ƽʱ˳׸߸ԼƳģŮ켼Ҳǰȣ˵֮

з˾Ůź£ϵ´һ󣬽ҪĵطԸ˵һ硭

һŪ˼£ҶֻǰŪԹ֮󣬻˾ķڡλۻҡ

ȵ¶æ֮ŮȥԵˡǻ˼ҳѣܷܷһȲ衢Եģ˳뽲ЩߵϢơ

ūճŲǰݸͻ硣˵ݹϲգ֪ӺδƷջ˵кīա̾գʲôʮɡͷҲûȫʲô

ʮɴܷܷϸ

֣˿Ц˵ˮ˲ʫʣ֪˭˳ֻū澲ЩҲǲǲ¥ۣݹѡ

ûʲôĻǸҲ֪ǲϿӣʶ˵ʱҲû˼ɣʲô˵ʲô

Ǵ۽ޣЦְ






28.   28    ɡ

28

Щ, ûʲôϵ
Ҳ˵ʱ䶼Ժ֮УܳţҲעЩҳĹǸ롣

ȫȻİĵط, ȫȫֻΪ˼ˡ

ԵԸ׹ЩʼȻһ, ֱ˼

ջ, ܹġԾ಻ϰ֮, ھı, ˼İߡ

Żڽ, 鶼, Ʃ˭빬¡

ǰ͹ȥݼ»ʺʱʶеΡ
һ·ϼĹŮǽԴϢ, Ŀڵ棬鶼·һģ̳ġ

ʶϲ, Ҳ֪ѵ鲻ʺϺ󹬣ֻܽڹ⡣

, ֪˵, ޵ἰԼõˡ
һȻҲ֮

һװ׵˵, Լǣ޹ңȻǼ, ȻҪġ

Ϊѵģܷܷ
ȲĽڹ⣬Ҳ뽫һܾ

ֶԴ˴Ϊ⣬ͬǷ, ¹Ůȹ꣬Ϊָһ׮ʵĻ£ã

ǹŮϾ͹ģǽʱʹЩѰҲѡ

ǰ˼ãԽϵܷܷͬˣ˼

ҲûʲôˣҲųסܷܷҡͷ߬Сƽ֪ģûʲôһжġ

˵ϣҲԥܷܷһ빬ϡ

ɵؽţϵġҲԶشӻϸΪδıġŮͼޡ

ǰһգ¸ѾʱͣϢ֮Ų󡢷ӭʹǡǵĹ뷿֮⣬ҲΪйֵŮǴʡ
ȴѻȸ

ǴʱѾٵ԰йˣֻʵʵڷСΪ׼浽ʱǲɱؽ

ۿɫ𽥰ȥȴɺ˯⡣

ҹֵҹ֣ȥĶ͵͵ؿѵջ飬ﻹЩЪϢɡ

ǷĶһͣ˶չ黹û˵ʲôֻӦá 

йŮǵĽ̵֮£ͽ̱ģ
ǰͥ汱ʹģеᡢ緡Իʺܰ񣬻ع󣻻ʱӭŻй·ãܰ񣬶˵Գ빬

ټŮٵʱʱѣһ˳죬ûʲô©

ƻ븮ʱǵڶؼԼϵġġ

λϾûʲô飬ʱҲŮ޵˸Уֻ׵Цⶣ֮֮ҹΥ
֮֮ҹΥ

ǴʱѲֻףӦ

ŮٳзӭԱ̼еӭʺǼݺƺƵذڿռһĳ֡

ÿһǣӭȢԾǸˣҪ޵ѾǷǵ
ûɪֻСҹΥ

Ǽ빬ԾзҪߡѾЩãڼ˼֮󣬷ǿЩ

ŮٵĶ˼֮ͬʱӦ벽Ŀбӡҹɫƻӳ֮£չ黹ûסڿ۹ڣس˼䡣

˼Ų΢٣زͷüۼ価Ц⡣
òԭúܺãĿǣѵһغ£ǳĵòi

͸ڴµ鴮Цԭŵǵ㲻ʱɢ٣ŲҲ֮Щ

ȵžһһй͹ڵʱԾ¸һ䣬΢ɲ˿

˼ⷴӦУһԥԸȥɡ

ֹѻС񡱣˼Ŀ֮󣬻ǹһ˳ȥ

˼˾ƣǵһƻ˰ɣ

ǰ˶뿪֮ǳû˹˼ɣಱСԹⷢҲ̫Щ

˼һƸǣºͷڶܳ㡣

ǱⲻεĿ⿴ȣŲߡ

˼£Ц

ǻ⣬Ʊк
õº͵Ĺƣ壬˿˿⡣ûüϸƷǰһ

˼ǵĴ˿ݣеľιֿ̧סĺ󾱣˳Ƽǡ

ԭź֮ʲôûϵͻȻ͵ϮһʱûܷӦ˫ʶسȡ

ȵֿʱϵ֬ѾȾˮɫ٣ڵƻӳ֮͸ű컡
˼ȣ漴ȥ

ôšǶ϶ո⡭˷ܣ

Ĵϲ֮һҹ˼ŪĶƵطʵѵ𣿡

Ǳ˴֮ϣµĻ桢ӵЩ£ԴεЦֲͷһء
Ȼеģϵƽǳʱļ¶

˼ȴһ

ʣҲܾ쵽һԼƫýȻ෴ϲľգ˼ԣʵûֵ

ƽǳ£ִ̫ˡ˼Ͼļ£Цźãܸ㻪䱦ʢӭףҲǽźϡ

߬䣬Ӧ֪ģҲЩʼգֻ˰ˡ
޹ƶ

˵⻰˼Ȼǲŵģô˵ȴǰǶûС
Ϊ˭ʵ
ȻҲ顢µӭ빬Ϊ

ס˼ɫˣҲŸҪ㲹Щ

Ѿδĥϸ̸ĵʱˡģ˹ƻһ㣬һʱҲ˲öͷ˷ǡ

ǽǰضв̤䣬˼ʲôͳҲù˼

޺ȹɢһأɴʰڰڵش£δסĹ⣬һֱεҹ
ǵ͸Щơ
ΰѼ䣬Ŀ뿴ǰϤˣ͵͵ػɡ

˼ԭҪŮǽʰƺ֮һߵĻҲ˻ȥûš
ֽ̧ӵ뻳Уڡ

䣬ʶ¶Ц˯˹ȥ

һ˯ûǱŮѵġֻ޲ɻȥ˯һźá

տҪȥ̫ʰġ

仰׾ٵѹۣ²ʣϴ

峿ֶһ԰Ƹץѧѧ

źŪȥˣֱؾصù֮󣬶ûɫֻͣε̾˿
Ůǲ˳ȥֻ˵ɡ

ȻΪλҪ֪أǵԿ˿ڣɰΪйʺ󣬺ϸ²Ŷԡ

˼ݣûҽ˵¶ǣȴˡʶȴЩġ

ȻҹЩƣûʲô޵Ĺأ˼ϳʱ˯ûҲûź
Ϊ˼Ǹӷ

ǿ˼ֵΪʣӦʱȰɲŶԣź

Ǳµƿԡ
Ͳˣô⹬޷¶Ҫܣ

Ҳֲ֪£Ȼĵױ׼Ҫ֪߳ܡһҾͬ˱ס

ôһأԭпɵȥͬʱҲףΪιе˴һž޲ģ

ôţ˭ܡȸԾ

ʱ࣬Ҫ̫ӵİʰ
й̵ֽټ̫ʱѲǰǰн˲١

ȵۼݱ˼Ҵӻʺ̫Եʣ俴Ծɾׯأͨʷ·Щ

̫ǰûΪѹǣ¾͸ˣĲ󣬽ഫĳ滰˵һء
޷Ҳúô󹬣ΪʥϷǡ

ţһһӦ

֮⣬ֶ̫ⶣ˾䣺ڹеӣúܣ鷳¡ǳ¼ҵСϢϢأʲôΪ֮ͬᡣ

̫е⣬ʶֱͦ˼米Ӧлĸǹңס

²˶֪ⱳ飬Ƕų¼Ůͷ빬Ѱտһλ»ʺ󡱡
˵һپ١һҲΪ

ݵĽ֮£ýУ






29.   29    壬ʹŮܡ

29

̫밲칬, һ˼ԣѹǼϡ

Ѿ˼İ֮ѧһʱգ๬Ȼѹ, ಻Ӧ֮ûԹ䣬ֻ㡣

ų̫󲢲Լ, ÿ밲ܻƤ̫л, ˳һЩļɾϡ

̫, ˵ֻһ, û˹Ķ, Ҳû˷, ֮ȵʱĺ󹬲֪徻˶٣ƽӲһֱάϵȥ
ǲܾ, סٷա
˽żҲרָһ, ǽ˳¼ҵ

ѧڿҿ, ˿ҵ, иУûˡʺͷ

, й˰εĹ񣬲ǽ˸ߡ
ûüɿ, ͼŮҩ֭ʱ

ǰһʱ˼˵ǵȵ˹кҪ̫ҽΪúõ塣ֻһ, û·ϣתͷˡ

ȴ빬ûգ̫ҽԺǱ߱Ժй֮˵ѹһ˸ҩ
ԺÿնҪűӺҩ

ǲӿ㲻ԸҩĺֻͯԾûûͷŶúõģʵ벻ΪҪ

ڹ˵Ĵߴ֮£ӲͷƤȥ
ɣźҩѵðһص˼ûסԹҾͲܲҩ𣿡

Ҫԣ˼ҩڲҲΪ˸塣

ûǾԼ󣬡ƣǶԲ𣿡

Ծǽ˵װˣ˼ȴûͬ⣬ֻЦ

ⷴӦǶپ㬵ջ֣С˸۽ţɢݼĿ⡣

ѵÿУ㡣˼ʵҪҪһ壿

ԭ岢ûʲôȤɳ̫ϲż̸֮ʱҲ˳һ塣
ϡƽ̫Ҳû

ôһȥԼȾΪˣżϾʱʼŮԼģҲῴһЩС

ǰǾģԸʵʵ壬ǿԼȥҲЩ

չʱж̣Ӯ˳̫ҲӮ˼

ϵİӱɱ䣬˻̾˿䡣

˼йЦѧǣӻء

ǵͷһ׮ǳɵȹգһˡ

˼ʶüΪΣ

ӣѾؾˣǰͬ˵Ҫһصġǿ˼Ĳãæز˾䣬֮ǰ˵˵ġ
̨ϣ˼Ƶģ̶ܳһء

˼Ȼǵ£ڵͷ֮ǰ˵һؽиҪæ׼Ĺز١ǵҪȥ£Ҳ̫ͣá

ͬƬ̣ûֻᴦõġ

˼ҲûٶԣֻվҪ뿪

ǿ۴ͷʶ˾䣺÷𣿡

ˡ
˼ûͣ赭дôһ󣬱ͷҲصسš

ıӰֱʧ󣬷գգۣСϵĲо֡

ܷܷ˱Ȳ裬ʵƽ㣬ǻҪȥʵԪ빬Ҳһġ

⻰ʵСģִЩ޴롣
ΪֻҪɵܿ˼ȻûжŭҪ²ֱͬӷȥ

ָӣ˻һӣȥΪβȥ

˼εؾסͲõͷӦ´£ȻӦˣ¾ͱ뷴ڡ
к˵ʱȥ˱Ҫϵĵ

ߣڹЩʱææģҲɿ

˼û˵ʲôֻ޵رԼĲãֵ֪ĴʱʧɫһȰ

Ҳ磬˼Ļ˳ЦЩԵҶֵ˼ȴѾö⣬ִΪȫ

ݰҪʲôҲΣֻð²ϲӦ

Ǹͷ棬ûüţȱ¡

ԵƬ̣ҩ߰ɡ

£ź֪ʶջûǿҩ
ٶȣϾһһ·ϾҪȥʱøڹԿ֮ǰٵȥҲʲôˡ

ղȡ

û˵ֱ꣬ˡֲãһһ۵̫ҽǰصضҩܶϣﻹĵȵȰɡ

Ϳҩ˳ۣ⻰ɣҵδʲôҩǲܶϵģ
Ĭ漴ʵµȺ򣬲罫˵ˣҩʲôģ

ǰҲʹ̫ҽ֣ģɵ˵塱

ԭΪҲһԼû뵽ȴ˾䣺ﵱ֪

ȻǺԥص˵ͷ

ҩ壬ʹŮеġĿ䣬ؿǣϿ㵵ɫ󣬷żһֱΪλ̫ҽԺԺоڸƣ˵ڱĵӣС֢֮ϸС

ԭأ޴룬羪κˡ

˼࣬
ȥ磬޸˼޹Լڹ꣬ûΪĴ̣Լƽ޹Ҳ롣

ôҲû뵽һֱںȵҩΪԵɡ

ȵӦʵǣ֪𣿡
ɲһʳڣʶԼ˴⹬е˭˼أ

ʥȻ֪ġֲ֣ƹʥϲ׼ūǸ֪˶˼룬ӡ

㡭
Ǳ̫ôЩʱգѧƣȻΪΪԼѯʣŽʵ¶ġ

ɻûãֱֱ㶵عȥ׵ū֪ʥΪ˶١Ҳţ֮ǰ˼ΪʥϿһ

ֻﰵ𱸣˶ȴ粵
У˼ʺ֮λͺϸΪ¡ϹᡱôԵ˼
Ҫľʲô⡣

ּɫ԰ףȴԾδ⣬ʹļ׵ִҪ˭Ҳˣֻֽܾվסһ±ײƣʥϽʱԴ
칬̫֪£ѵѣͳ

һһ䣬ǧصѹǼϣ

ԭҪϲñɢһʱ侹֪ȿԼ˼˵ġ

Ǻ˼Щĵ
ŷڵϵ֣ʮЩ׳ԼĻԾɲɱرӰ졣

⻰˵òȫ޵

ֱʱǲʶԼͬ˼ּۻ֮ʱδ̫ɡ
ҲԼףΪ˼Ӧûǰ˳졣

˭˵Լ˵ͲܸģЩ˼˵Ҳ˵

ʶذСҼž֮гĬã󻺻ڣܷܷһأҵƽصʳˡǺʱпգתתʱҡ

ڸ⣬һ

Ǿ쵽ݼŵЦ⣬еôֻü






30.   30    ֻջλ

30

ǴûԼʲôá
ôЩ, ʽļԼֶ߼·ĽС㡣

̫ҽȴ˵ꡰڱС֢֮

˼ȥ, 㷭ǰļ

ʱزоȣںϴһʱյ, ҲͷǱ߰æ׬˶٣ܱڼĨҪǿöࡣ

, ͽʱܹ֮Ժ, û뵽ʱ, ֳԵ˿

һ뵽ֻ⻰ʱĿ, Ǳͨ岻ʡ
źĹŮͳͳ˳ȥ, ڷĿĵط㶡ôһ˲̲ס, ֽԣ᲻˼ģ

뷨һð, 㽫Լһ

ǰ˼Ǹٹ䲻, ǴӺʱ, ʶشˣ

ǾôԼڷУ˭Ҳ, ֱĺɫĺϣӹܷܷƿš

¡ü˹ȥ, һ㶣ؿŸܷܷԪ

ⱼԵʣԪЩȴɺܺ, ǴЦ⣬ġ
Ų죬һȤɵˣǲû뵽һô

ǵȷû뵽
ԪΥģ֮⣬ûɵþЩᡣ

ԪǰվˣӦҲǵиѽ

֮䣬ġæҡҡͷԼˣôվ͹ˣ

ܷܷ˵㲻빬˳ɴͷɥģߣӦҲЪһĵطԸԪסǵ֣üۼľ⿴Уε̾˿ҵǺ˭δⷸʲô󲻾֮ֻˡ

Ǳ⻰ÿЦãְ̧˰βܹҺܸˡ

ģԪһʱҲ벻ʲôƤֱֻ̧˱

ٿʱ˲ԼͬػرЩõ¡
ԪԼЩӵļţС˾²ϥ̸

ԪһԶص䳡ǻ˵Ļ
ܷܷŻʱܼѹɿʵܷܷǲˣ

Ǳ⻰õԲۣΪôʣ

ǰܷܷҹʱŸеֵҲͺ䣬ҿè塣ԪĦ°ͣЩ⣬֪ģҿЩһ׼

֮漴Ҳʶмֿš
ܷܷ飬İ˱֮ܡ䡱㲻ʲôˣҲѾкøеĳ̶ˡ

ܷܷĸĴøУҲ֮ڿڡǾѹ֪ôˣ֪ܷܷʶġ

˵䣬ܷܷѾ˺²ֻܽߵĻ˻ȥȸѰʵʱʡ

ҹɫŨԭԪԼ޵ЪϢȴͨ˼ˡ

Ԫ鲻Ըվ󣬻ǹؾص˼

˼Ŀɨ˶٣˵񡣡

Ԫѵüһ棬ԭͬ齶ߣҲܶЩ˵顣˼͹ܲܽƲһԲֻ÷ԸƫԪס

Ԫ뿪޵֮ʱһ㡣

Щ֮Ժ֮ϯǷС£ϵЦ𽥵ȥ˼ĿҲɱشЩɡ

ƺǿ˼˼ڵѸߵķϣٺ»Сʹ롣

ǽ߬䣬̾˿Ҳš
ݣҪ˭һ仰£ֱ˼ǲ̹صģԴЩҲǡְ𡱡

˵飬㲻ҪϣҪ롣˼£Ͻ߬ŵ֣ͼ̫ҽĻúõ壬µġ

˼һǵ֣ŷ̫صԵʣĶָ߬ӡأ·ôһ㣬Ѫ
ˣǵЩˡ

չദʱն̣˽⣬Щ˵Щȴ˵

ұ̫ǻϵġ
ǣǸнѵҡ

˼ḧǵıԪڹжסЩʱգҲ޷

˼ԣѾǼòǵ̬ȴûǰǰڵ˺Щ
Ƕ׽вڡ

ֵȥ°ɡ̧ۿȴᶨ𷣣ûʲô£ֻҲټˡ
ֻҪһ̲סɭȻĿ⡣

˼ûϵֵĳɼѵҪ˵ĵزĬƬ̺ȰУ©֮

ôЩˣѵѰԵĽٲãҿָ̫ǹִ

˼ɫ΢䣬ζҵǲ֪ʱ̫ô׽ˣ

˵ڣǲĿ⣬˼ʶʴ˻ý֮ǵõϵġ
ɸˮգ˵ʲôˡ

Ǵǰʱ룬Ϊ˼뾩֮Ͽʼϲŭ޳
Ϊ˲֪룬ˣǽˡ

Ϊ˼Լڱš

νУֱɳ֮ڡ֮թһ̤룬ȻܵӰ졣

žʱϡܴϿǸӰӣɵš֡ʱͳ˸ͷβȨߣ߸ϣɣݲ档

Ȩֶͬǰʢйĺʯɢһմϱٽֻҡ

ֵ߰ɣԼʲô¡ǻرǾͱ˺ְյɣԹ˵ҽ淸ʲôֻ⣬ҲΪѣֻջλ

ֵĻࡣ
ǰӹôѣ٣ŻὥµֻԼ˼֮䣬Ҳòˡ

⻰û˵꣬㱻˼ԥشˣ˵ʲôдЩŭ˵Ҫвɣ

Ҳûͬ磬ֻЦ
Ǵǰü䣬۵Цǵģüۼһ޵

˼ܿǵߣֽ̧εذԼУȻҪֻҲ˵ڡ

˿Ϸţܲơ
Ƕͷϣ˿Ϥĳ㣬ס˼Լ´֣ڵ뿴㴩

ʲô˼¡

ģҲϲҲǷ˵Ļȴ͸Ź棬ҪѲС

ҪʲôӳҲҪʲôơƣֻһ򵥵
ʱ






31.   31    һʩ

31

֪, ⻰һ˵ڣȻ˼ãǲܲ˵ˡ

˼ķӦ, ԤеĻҪЩ

ĬƬ̣⻰˼ֽ߬ս, þˡ

ǳʹͺҪ, û, ˼˴֮ϡ

˫ֱһ, ѹ, ۡ
̧ۿ˼, ۵׷죬·𱻴, ûƽĴݡ

ûģ

̫ˣ˼һһ, Ż㣬ڲԡ

⻹˼ͷһǰԳơޡ
Ƕؿ, Ȧ, һ˫һӯˮȻ

˼峺֮ͫ, ԼģǱһŲ, ȴû֡

εѹǣʧأϺõĳб˺ѿ

ǣʱͬ, ˼ǵɣڴǰˡ

ƽ볤սܳ¾Լ̤֮ͨ·ʼעزͷˡ
ôͣԭأǸ

˴ǰڴûʲôִأ˵|£˵һʩ˼ӲʩǷҪǿʲô

ǰ仰ûٶ˵޼ָۣĿġ



ȼʷǰס
˼û͹ޣ£ͷҲص뿪ˡ

ֵҹŮŽ鿴ģ󣬲ɵһ漴к˹źԡ¡

ܷܷǸͨδŮǴӲֵҹźǱģûţҲ˿

÷ǻ£ĿЩԶ׼໬ɵ̾˿ɵӡ

ǰھ׸֮Уþֻ»˼ϧ
ϣҷ룬ǰ֮Уںء

ĻеķԾȱʲô̫ӡʥϣ֮Ҳ಻

⻰˵þ͸ɵˣõһۣǱ仰ѵˣؿԼ㽫ŵûЩֲĴΪҪôԼ

¶أڴ㵹룬Ϊβ뾩·أ

㵣һʱ֪˵ʲôźá

Ԫ˼䣬ˡ䣬˵ǳ|䣬˶УȻᱻθ󲻾֮

ϵŮˣɵӡȷ˼ԼˣҲԼϲ᲻صص£ӣ㲻ҪͬԼȥˡ

óĬ֮صص˵ͷ

ڶհŹ칬ȥ밲ʱҲ֪̫ǵʲôϢĵͬ˼˼¡

̫󲢲˼ĸһֱܻ䣬⻹ͷһǰЩ
˵õҲ࣬޵˼䣬˼С

ǹؾصӦˡ

ֱ̫ǱЩЦżȻѰžտһʫǸȤԴȥ

£˫ֽӹ檻濴ġ

Ǻ̫󲢲ƽ޹ʵһʫص͹󣬱ϸ
غзһƬĽҶǩ

ĦҶϵ磬Ŀҳϣע漴һȥ

дţ
£ޡ

ǳ̫󲻱֮ڿڣ׵ĵ

̫δںǷ֮Σȴ£һյ津ŭ˼ֵòճ

ظ֣ȥ˼أЦ

ַȰǸɵӣҲóѹˡ

ǽʫ𣬵˵ϵĻҳƫȥѰԪܷܷ

˾ǰڹǰ㣬Ҷ
ܷܷС䣬ԪѪΨԼ׬ˣǰĹӶһ

ԪһأʼŵĺɰǮĵ̾˿û뵽빬һˣǸǮˡ
˵ڸпôôã

ôһ仰šǿŹӣ룬Ц鳡ʧ⣬ĳ⡣

ԪǮĶһ٣ɵؿǣɫΪ˽黳ģų˿
գԵͺá

ʲôʱ˿գҰɣʲôѴҲҡǶ

ȻԪЦݲðײãҿɲġ

͹ͣס˽Ųٶ͡

ܷܷȥԪɡ

аԪЦеӦζؿһۣ˸ղ

漴Ԫ£棬ܷܷԪ뿪ʵû֣ܷܷʲô쳣

ܷܷǸƺ«˼صʵʵƽ޹ʿɲͬҽϸĥ˻һ׮ҼǵãǰЩǶһרҹԭ޹֪ģѰˡ

ϳ

ԪᵽΣѾ˴µĲ²⡣
˳ܷܷµӱ񵽣˽ʶЩø

ǶԴ˲ִּɡ

ܷܷѾʻͣǲѣҲ뽫ڹУźԼ֮ˣǺڱһʷļױޡ

ڴ֮ǰŪ˭ƷòβС

Ǻ棬ԽԽÿҪ鷱ʤֻܽҸٺúܷܷ

˼ҹɢ󣬱û͹󣬵ָ֣λеź

ֵǰ֮ڣλʲôԸԴʱʼձϹϾģȰɣָʲô
æǹȴĲ١

̫ҽԺҩÿʱűӺˣ鲻ʱҲǿֱӵڴĻ¡

ͷһش񣬳̫ʹ˼󣬲ǲߵֹһٳֹ硣

ϦÿͷϷʵٹ٣ʺھ
ȵ۲ಡʱҲҪǿϯ

ȻԲٰ죬ⶨĴ˵ıε񣬶þĿС

͹˲ҶȰʲô̫ߵһأǳ׶֮ǰʥϵ˼ʱʲôɻǲ

¶ʮСգ˳ѩ

Թйǲȥ巵ûñˣСתʥ˵Թȥ

˲ԼͬؽЩ
Ȼ֪ҹ£ۼʥôЩӶû͹ҲЩˡ

£ûգҲûִٲֻطԸ˾䣺Ǿȥɡ






32.   32    ֪ƫ̻ݼ

32

һ, һѩŮæֽɡѹЩԵȥЩ

ǹźĶ񣬻л¯, һ顣

칬Ǳ߶һ紫Ϣ˺󹬵밲, Ҳ֪˼ôģʱȥ

ǰֵòɢ, û, ˼ܲͻȻѪ, ƽ޹Ҫһɣ

ĥһ·, ȵ巵, Ů˼ߣ漴Ϊȥ˶ѩ

ź̼, ʱͨȥˡ
Ǵǰͨһ͹, أȴһСػʥϻ, ԺƬ̡

صؽٹ, ôߣ˵ɺ, ֻû˻š

һĵģҲû˵ʲô, ˹ǣӦá

Ҳô˼ͬ˭£˽ûڡ

ǰⱼʱ, Ծ念úܣһ굽ͷҲô˾к󣬲ƷˮƵĳԣ̫ҽҲȴ·ԽԽˡ
ôվ˻̲סڴ

ֹƬ̣з˶ȥ

ǽ¯źŮ߽⶷ȥŸսţǡ˼ĵطԸǰϲĪҵɽˮͼǰյ漣˳ȥɡ

лʥ¡һͳ

ǽŲ΢٣µůȥ

Ž˳󣬳һ˲ʰ

ƳһۡģЩʶ벻ϤдӺζ𣬱ûԣֻס

ѩȴů紺˼ֻ˼ɢĳǽźҲû˵Ŀش

̿Եʣů֮еѬζƽʱҪЩһֱϲ㡣
ǶζЩһûסü
еĲ죬ϥһڵ֪ʥٳǰкηԸ

ȻΪ˹֮¡˼̧̧°ͣʾ»ػ

ľŵģ֪ǶԺδ飿Ƕ䵭Цʵ

һҪ̸˵ӣ˼ؿ˿Ц޻ûüϸ

ЦЩûܱס
ԭΪ˼ܲӵƽ޹û£û뵽⡣

Ȼˣǻ˿ԸԼŮ죬㽫ǲһýʥ֪İš

ŮûüӦУͱ˼ضˡյŲæ

ǳĬƬ̣ŬԼƽнӹӣ˵ⶨ

Ѱδ˼ɫҲ
ǷڴǰҪû¡ˣȴ䷴Ļû˵
ǲõɫҲת˲ţҲʲô

Խ˼Խ̵̣ʲôʱ

ɲôëôҪǶûͷҪô˼Ҫôоݵԡ

ǿ˼ƫƫԸԳ

ǣׯֳȣмֳ̫Ӱӡ

˵õ£ȥߣҲΪ˽ĥ⸱ģ
£˼ȴûʲôԸԳĳɾ͸С

ʹģ˼һ׮£ɼˣ

һʶ˵ͷû뵽ΪͻȻ

ݼҵĶӣ˼Ŀתؿްһ£ϸнͲŶԡ

⻰һʱ׷ʶĸоӺζҲ֪طӦʱ˶ԻǸáǺˡ

Ƚ

˼ˣڻûάϵסǸƵ飬Ҳ֮˵ʲô

⻰ʵʧ˼ȴûͬƽϣʧ̬Цԭ٣ֻʹͽ鱦ȴƴˡ˵ҪҪˡ

кԼ޹أ˼ǲﶵȥġߵ˷ɿһ飬ȻֳŵĲ²⣬ͫһ

㹬źģܷܷ˼һ

ԭǣȵѰʵʱúѯܷܷò֮ٽˡ
û뵽Ǵ˼ȵõݡ

ûݼҳϹϵ˵µʹܷܷ˼УһҪ£ҧûǴĻݶѾȢ˰ɣ

˼ɶݼңǴǰҲʹݼҵĴжи

˼ף

ҪܷܷҪеҲɣǱɫ˼̬з˼

˲֪飬ֻܷܷǸźŮҲˡ˼᲻֪ܷܷĹϵ
ôܷܷʹͣ͸˵ȥ

˼Ȼ֪ǲͬ⣬º󣬱ֱ˵ؾˣԵġ

õǰ˵Ҳ⣬ᣬ޷ǼһƵӣ뿴ķӦˡ

֪ƫ̻ݼңֻҪһһգ¾;ܳɡЦȥɡ

Ĺĵģüģʱ
˼Ͼ㲻ܷܷ˼һԸأ

˽˽Ƕײ˻ȥ޺޵һδԼмҵˣ˵ˣܷܷȻ˱ᡣ

ǵĹĸܷܷĸ򲡹Ѳ˼ҺԺһ㣬ŲţܷܷԸӵܵȥ

˼ɢسŶЦǷ˻ƢŲٶȻԸҽľǡ

ҲܷܷԶЩǿ˼ѹ¶Ĳֻ˵ûԵ£ұȻعȥˡ

˼ȴѩڴùţЩʱٻذɡ
Ŵ˻һԴȻ
ۺ䵭ã仰ʵѾǵ˸̨ףֻҪ˳ƴӦ˳ºͺˡ

ȻҲ⻰и߸еζȴûϲֻźЦ˼ŷѩαطҪʱأ

̱Ļߣ־Ҳûʲô˼ǣǣ¶αЦʥϼǹҡֻǹ񷱶࣬ų檻ȥᣬͲˡ

ůһƬţ̴ǽ͵ŵͷøЩ

˼ǱӦЦˣɫֱ䣬·һ̾ʶô³
󣬾ãֱ˵ʲôǴȥҳԷ

˵ϣ㲻ƴˡϢظԼ˸ܼþա

Ǿ쵽ǴŰĿ⣬Ƭ̺Ӧ






33.   33    ǣ֪ô

33

һ䰲šȻ, ƴ⣬һԲ
ʳ޲еó׵ס

˼Ѿȵͷ̨׹ȥ, ̣Ҳûԡ

˾ô˶˭Ҳķһɢ

Ƿ¿Ӻ, ؾصһ񣬼˼ѹۿԼ, ֱ뿪ˡ

ķѩȷС, ɷųǵĺ⡣

ص͹, ͱõĽ, ֪㲻ϲ, ǵúЩ

һԶţǷܲȥ, ֻϢС룬漴˽ܷܷ˹

ŮǴ, ǽе˾ǲ˳ȥŴ, ί֮¡

Ȼ, ܷܷɫһһģƫͷȥ, ĨĨۡ

ԭΪõ˾мҵģһ, Լȥ檡
飬ûܵˡ

̾˿ţ˳ǲͬģؾˡ
һ˵, һܷܷķӦ

ֻܷܷصص˵ͷ۵ƽģҲǵ಻ˡ󡭡Ҳκ

οʲô²Ҫۣܽõġ

ܷܷҡҡͷٲҪˡ

֮䣬ʵԶûиĵزǰ㺡ţӳЩ˴˸Ϊ˽ˣƽἰ¡
ôҲûϵȻ⡣

ʵ侲룬µҲмѭϾݼҷͷǰ;ȴǸѰĹŮô䵱ݶӵأ

лʺıӻ¹ŮͷԸȢҲǺӵܰˡ

ҿĳ

ֻ˵ʲôʣ̧޷Цӻأ˵׼ʲôʱźʵˣǣҲ

ؾ˼ܷܷǽҹȥ
Ҳȥϸ˼Ƚʲôɽˮͼյ飬Ըǵİš

ȵ˳Ϧգȷ׼걸ǻ칬ȥ׼Щʱ̫һ¥ȥ

Ҫϯ磬ǽյĴׯء
ȴȹɺɫ񣬸߸ķžβΣϵѹȹ塢ҵûǰľноֹ󷽡

̫УѵЦ

ǻعźרлǰ񣬳˼ǲ㣬֮Э˳졣

Ÿսֲãزǲס
̫֪ǵĳһʼѹûʲôڴֵĻ˵Ϊ⡣

תһ룬ܽмСģֲ԰ѧҲˡ
ʱգҲú󹬡

˻лʱ磬

ɱú޻֮ȣǵʵ٣ԾӮ̫󣬵ܹˡ
ö壬ĥŸδӣȴ̫󻰷һתݼҵ

Щ̫żͬЩ֮飬Ҳ֪Ƿӣ⻹ͷһϡ

ҽżȻϱʱԭǼ޹˵ġ̫Ǻһᣬ缸Ͷףʱ˲ãշƺǱ͹˾ƣûˡ

ǰԼһѣû¶ʧ̬ı顣
ǰݼҵ飬Դȴһ֪̫𾪲ѡ

ɻôﶼͣԾδ䣿ص˽͡

֮ݼ鶨ԼİТٲˡ̫Ҳûӣֻ״Ʋпӣǰǹ

ţܾų̫ӦƽͬԼһʱֲеԵɡ

̫ãȻģ̾˿
ͷ֣ԵֻҪģòΨ˼ϣȱƵģϲŭֶװףȲУҲֳ衣

ѹûû巵Ŀֻ֣ڱĿ֪顣

˼ԴּɣϾϣԼ徲ġ

̫ţȴǾʵǲϣҲԽԽףΪ˼ִΪ
ǳ¼Сֱ˵ˡ
ƫƫǣʶҲֻԾڴˡ

߬ӵԽԽ촽ţƬ̺ȴжȥͨƵģһӡ

һɨ֪ܾѶ졣
Ħָ⣬ЦˣЦˡ

֮ǰѾн棬ż̫ɫʱ磬¥ȥɡ

漴վɹŮϵ϶֮š

¥Ͳ׵ǵƻͨӳͬ硣ĴŮҲӰɫǧ

ۼ̫¶棬˷׷ʰ

ǵĿŮɨϳȽ֮ʱ£΢΢һЦ׼õףһ顣

ɫմһϮɫȹǳʣôһԲ׾ٵĿ⡣
ǰҹ֮ʢŵ˯׶á

ԼûǱ߶࿴µͬϷǺʺصΪ˱ƣȥ

¼ҲѪԵϵɷϣĵȷȷ˳¼ҵշʶҲԸĳϸ档

̫У΢΢ס

Ҳͷؼƽˡ
ǣеǰʢˣʼմӯӯЦ⣬˺ν̳һ˫Ůġ

صǸʵĸߣҲǹ˼ݣͷβûκ¶

˿Ъ˷̻ʱ

ֻڳϦԪҹԷ̻ǳϦգֹ׹Уնڵſе̻ͬ֡

̻ʽʹ˼˼ⶨġǵȥݾţЩСĹǣֻܹؾصذλϣˡ
ԼըǣԼǰ㻬⡣

֮Уйǰܷܷ﷽رʧˮѾ˾ˡ

ɫ΢䣬ǿѹҪĳ嶯Ըȥ̫ҽΪúΡ

̻󣬳̫Իعȥˡ
ǹܷܷ̬򷽵ضţһֱɢȥ֮󣬷Žйϸʡ

ܷܷѾˣ̫ҽҲ˵ûʲô󰭡ֻǡСģǡλôһǡ

˵أˮ˾𵽵סȻƽǣҲЩԷοعصĹС

£֪ػعζ漴ɱЩŭ
ܷܷԸݼҳκιϵôѲأ

úõģܷܷôˮǰߵֵǱתʲôǾȹ첽ţʵ

ӲͷƤ˵ǳŹ˹˼Լ˽ᡭ

˵˵
˵ţֶù˶ܺԼ죬׼ڱҴ

𼱻ǻص͹ǻûü߱ͨ˼ˡ

ǹ˲پƣôԶԾɴźĿ⻹ȴǶݵǰִ֮㻽𡰰ǡ
ʢװӺģиֳЩޡ

ʶһѣüͷˣֲǲ֪Լʤ

Ҹˡ˼ֽ̧ӵ뻳Уǣõӣͱͬ˰ɡ
Թ˵Ҷв֮ӻѵҪһȥ𣿡

ǰĳþˣҲûԶֺϹϣֻ㡣

Ǵ˼˲Ǽ⣬ϻĻֻŪܷܷ˵

ҹɫŨ
˼ԭżͣû뵽ôһ䣬ǱԹɵҵ飬ͲֵЩ𣿡

Ǳ⻰Цˣֱ˵˻ȥҵ飬ֻŪ𣿡

˼òȴִ΢Ŀתضǿ˻

Īҹʶ˰벽

ǣ֪ôҡ˼ЦɫͳȲͷӦǾˡ
δ䣬㾶ֱȥ






34.   34    ˣõ

34

ۼ˼ôȥ, źһʹ

ԭУָֻŵֶûסŵȰҹǳϦ, ﻹͬʥϷɡ

ڹʵ۳ϦҹҪ͹, ʾۺȵ۴ǰǰ谮ΤҲδɨ̫档
˼ô, ȥ, ׼˻η顣

һ, ȵܷܷ, Ҫ˼, ԥƬ̺չ黹òȥ

ֻȰ, תһ룬Ҫʺʱȥ, ȷҲ׵ֻܷԸ˵ƣ巵ȥ

ʱǡܷܷϢ, Ҳûⷱ, һܷܷȥһְ·ϵķε, ɢ¡

ûЩţױҲЩο, ǸׯµĻʺֻλżĳ㣬üۼڲסƣ롣

ܷܷһʱ, ҧ˵

ǽ̫ҽԵĹŮһ˳ȥֻ֪֪׵áܷܷ뻳Уʪĳ£ƽأ˭Ҳ붯㡣

ƽ㡭ܷܷ˽УʵҡҲã鷳ˡ
Ŵ֮»鷳

ҡҡͷܷܷƽ֮ʵͬƽ˵˵ҹô£

ܷܷϥϣ϶ؽȥ

ܷܷҹ¥𿴹ǵƷɲСŮʧֽ˶ϣŻ͹ȡµ
¥

ԭǴⲻģȴ˵ͬһ̻Ҳ󼸾仰ͬ˵ס

̻֮£ǰģܷܷԴǿУûܳ׺ģĬһ·Լ

֪鲢ǰ㡰þۺɢʱ˾ִ
ҵ֮Уʧأ˺顣

Ѷϣûװ׵ػؾҲûܸСЩܷܷǰھΣƽ㷣Ұɡ

ĴҪԼ֣һԵã˼£᲻Ϊ֮

˵׼Ҳû֤ݡ侲ţǣҲܴĵ׷ֻ㡣

¹ڣǵСġ
黨ǲݣܱ٩һ䡰Ҳ͹ȥˣŮ˶ԣ֮֡

ˣܰ̽ʣƫƫݼˣעƲ˼

Ҳ˵ûƾûݣУò׼˼ƫһߣ

Ļ⣬ǶעֻܳưͿȽӰ찴С

ܷܷڰԴᣬǰֱģһᴦͬݼҳϰϵ

ҲȻҪϸҲݶӵ⣬ڲƭȣںʲôϵأƽ㲢ֲˣҲ𡣡

ڱˮ֮нܷܷѾЩȣҩ󲻶ʱ˯ˡ
ҴҴŷóš

ѾԸ죬֪µĹ˲׼飬ǰ̫Ѩ˱ۣʲôģ

øͦñֱļ̾˿˴գȥЪЪɡ

Ǳ仰ͨǵļ米ֵ˻ŵȻ޹֡

ūܣδʥϡִֹ

ˣǰ˰֣ҹڣԸʱ磬ЪϢȥɡ

硢˼ִԼܷܷľ˾ֻľƣ˸Ƶģʹ
Ҵϴշת÷˯ȥ

ȻôۣڶҲǵ칬ȥ밲

ԭóԹɫڹʱദöˣ̫

һţǱڵ̫ʲô֮ʱֹסˡ

̫ؿĿ⣬ҲôƽͣЩĪζǺɸ֣ǡ


֮ǰǾԼԤϣˣ밲֮Ҳûֻۿŵ档

̫ôҲᵱ˵ɨ棬̧̧֣ź˾ȥſڵȻҹΪƫҪ£ۺʧϢȥаô

޴ӷֻõϴǳ˼ǲܡ

ɼ˵Ƿѹûȥ

̫˵⻰ʱƽúܣȴźһϣҧҧçײĸһ⣬𷣡

ʵǺҲˣ̫Ҫûס˼ģν¶
ֻҹ֮£ʵϾ˼
οҲ˼ǰֳ裬ڷǵûл͹ϵɢ

̫ʥ֮ǰ£ԭҲò̫࣬Щǲ󰧼Ҳԡ

⻰˵Ѿأǵ

Ȼ̫ǰǷǳΪ¼ҺãҲûʲôŪˡֺá
˵ȥ

ֱͦͦعϴҲϵÿУ̫̬źͻЩ˿ڲ裬㲻ǸˣֲֻǸ԰Ҳͬ㽲ʲôֻһ䣬ֻҪ֮УͱͬʥϹȥ
Ʃ㹬Ѿͷ£ʥִҪ͸ݶأ

Ǳһʵñɫ˶ȴô 

̫ǹ˻ֿڵǰ룬ѵ·ߡ
˵꣬ҲٶֱԼз˼ȥ

ǰص̫һ񣬹лĸָ㡣

ǹЩõԵʣʱ£ɫвûκԹ߻ǲƽлʱҲеġ
̫󽫴˿УԭĲɢ࣬뿪ҡͷ̾˿

ֳɵҹ֮¡

ʺ˵Ƣԣ˵Ҳã˵Ҳã⾰˭Ҳ˵׼̫Ūϵķ飬һӣ˵Ķ˵ˣȥɡ

Ǹϲֵˣʶʱ𣬾Ź꣬ؿʼðѡ
ʲôȱʳǣȴø¡

ص͹ʱܷܷڸȻ˯֮УȥԿһأڴԷ˺һ㶡

ֱ磬ţγһع

ǲûԷǻ˼խȹȥˡ

ಽظߣСʣҪʲô

Ȼ³ޱػ˾䣬Ȱֲݸ巵ȥ

ʱתΪϲҲ˵ʲôϲϹˣ͸һɡ뿪ˡο

û˵
ĳһ򲻴Ͼ¥ĴȣҲضãֻ뾩֮бû֮ء

һնҪѧǸûǸй򣻶ûʲôҪϾٺãҲϹ

³Ϊˡֺ˼

̫ⷬĻ֮Уǲͬ˼ȥġ
㲻ΪԼҲΪߵ˿

ǰƽΪ˼³ʱУȴĥ֮󣬱㽻˹˿ˡ

һţˮֺ󣬵ӹȥ

ԭ飬ҲǿʦͨġǺڣԳ˾䡣

ð̾˿ֻԼˣˣõҪġҲǸȡ衣

˻Ҳȷô¡
ϴ鶼Թ潻˼֮䣬Ҳⲻףôһ

ԵʣôһͣǱȡֳ衱һЩ

¯ǻйָ²ƵѣŹ˾ױһ巵ȥˡ

˼صû⽫ڵ⣬̵ֻķӦǼ֮˼ķӦǾЩ֡

ҹŭߵģɽټ˼ĪûϤĵ֮󣬸Ǿþδ˵

Ҽž֮Уǲڵؿڣҹܷܷ飬һʱ鼱е֮

˵ˣ˼ҡҡͷ˿㣬в֮
ҹǲʶôҲиѿ˼侲Щڡ

֮ǰǶ˱Ϊ׼û뵽ǫ̂͡ס֮֮˿

оܷܷ£ǽΪԽˣŴǣʱܷܷ֮νݶӣǰ˼Ըܷܷͬκιϵ

Ǿ˼˼Ȼ⣬ԴεЦҾ˵ôҵͷԭΪ¡
û˽㣬ͼҪ¶ô𣿡

Ƭ̺ϴӦͺá

㵫Ϸ̬ʲôӦģ˼󣬵һ꣬ϸôǾӭ£ȥִͷƪɣòã

ǳĬ˻зš⡱֣żѵص˵ͷ

˼ϣȥϲɫ顣






35.   35    Ҳ˸׵͡

35

֮, ʹġ
ϲ˵Ҳ

Ǿй, гϵڣ˼ǰǶʱյ䣬㹻һ̬ˡ

Ϧҹ˼δ, ȥѾֻǡʧ衱, ǵ⡰ĵز

˶Ϊλ»ʺ˳ɷ, ˭Ҳûϵ, յĹ, ʥϾֿʼ͹, ˮƵ˲ʹ͡
ΪǰֲƵġ

˿УɵָпһʥѲ⡣

Լ, ԴҲΪ⣬Щ, ܾԼͲôЧòŶԡ

ǳ̫޵ؿһأΪ, ۷ʲô, ٷɵ

ԭΪǳ׷ƪû뵽, ⾹ֳ¡

գ巵˼塣
, ˯ţͨϢ˵ǸС֪Եִ˸ˡ

, ŷӦ˵ľǸࡣ

źۼ̧ۿ˼ֻϢԭɢ̬ЩҲء

ݼһƫ̻Ĵڣ࣬ǰ˴󹦣ýϽټصġ
˳ͻ֣ûҹġ

˵𣿡˼ʵ

˵·࣬Ǳ˸ȥġ
̴ʥ⣬ټܹݼҵĺôͼӴףøһЩȴ쵽ʺĿ⣬ʶ

̫ҽȥ˼ŶԸͬ޺úýͽ͡

Ӧȥ˿
˼һ˽⣬̬ȣӦҪͬƽϵģ

һӣʵǲǸûرܣ

̹ϣ˼ЩԶԣƬ̺˰֣޷Ҳһûͷ˵ƫ̻

ݼң˾֪顣

ͣ⻰Ҳָ𣬷Щζ˼εЦûݼңǲܻա

룬ŵᣬݼã㵱ΪҪ뿪أ

Ǹϸ룬˼۽ޣһЦ֮δ

Ǿ֪˳ʲʲôҲûǿר־о

ԳĬţֱൽŴž

Уٵıխһ磬緢
ǱйѯģҲδ͸̬̹̹֮ġ

ǺЦ΢΢ףȴûڣֻ˼ʡ

˼ڽǣǡУűһϸ¡ȴ˶٣״ϧҲдʱʧ˷ִ硣ʥҪ𷣣Թԡ

⻰ָ򲻵ңЦŨ˼ȴǿЦá

ҹӣûӵǲףʦ̵չޣ븵ɳ֮ĽʿᲢۣ
Ҳûӵç򣬻Ӧ͸ԣ˳˼һʱ

£ȷҲûܵġ

У˿ҪʵҲ𷣣ģ́ͷ˼Ҳ

֮䲢ô࣬˵˵ȥȷҲǸవָǰ㣬ֻܹԼ򲻵ҡ

װɵˣ˼Ц˾䣬úõģΪͬȥˣ

˵ϣҲٷܣֻò鲻Ըûеﳼֻǳ֣ޣҪ黨ǲݵ˰ˡ

֮ǰʵѾԼԤУ׿ڽлǲɵΪ֮

ͿΪֻܷܷܰ²ֺγ뽫һٳ

ƾʲôܺҪڣʼٸȴԺ

˼ûܷܷ룬ԣʵ㲻ʲôҲˡǵȸཫ˵֮㶣ŷӦеĹ
ˣƽǣǽã᲻֪ܷܷأ

˼ƫͷȥһԵǣֻüӯӯؿŸ࣬ģʻ鶯úܣһ

ЩѲǰǰϾǰʱҲƵˮ˼Ϊ˿ֱʱźʶѾδǰЦˡ

һ֣ӿЩ˵ζ

ԭΪܷܷ˼ЦڵǼ£ȷò֮ٴҲװ

䣬ҲȻǶԴʮ⡣

˼ص٩ࣺ˵вٹ㣬ȴٳδж֮⣬Ī
ˣֻ˵ǣʺҲһֱΪܷܷѰʵи

˼˼ɻؿࡣ
ʱͣԶû̸˵ʱѵͻؾһ棬øϲܷܷˣ

㵣Ӧ֣ˡܷܷҲ֮飬

˻棿˼Щϧ·źûܴϳɡ

صص˵ͷƶްԡ

˼ɺǾͰˡ

͸֪ʶȤˣأԥ˻ٴοڵõ壬ʱڻƽһ˼棬ʲôԸģ

ҡǱʵסˣĬƬ̺ҲûԵģͲɡˡҲТûԹȥˡ

Ӧ£ȴ˼δЩִ١ǲרȥһˣɷĹɨĹһҲøο㸸ĸ֮顣

ûЦ⣺شڡοʲôȥأ

Ȼųǵͷ˳¼¡
ݲܹ֮ڣרȥ죬ҲԲ˳ģͽհˡ

˼᲻ܻ£ǾѹΪ˷񡣡

뾩ʱԽãǾԽеʶ˼ʵǸˡ֮к¡
ȵ񣬶ĵδദԵʣǵ

鵹Ҳ޴ǴֻЩ΢Ĳʡ

˼ݼҿ԰ݼڣүӵıӻһӵˡôͲأ

ǺܿʶԼ̫ЩôҲֻͽա⣬ɻµġ

Ǿ쵽֮΢գûٶˡ

ˣǴ֣ڵʱӮһأ

˼Ц»㣿

ǲҪˡ

˼뿪Ҳ˸׵ͣûԵĳÿձۣɫɫɡ

ûϵ˼Ĵ£Щ⣬˻Ӧá






36.   36    е㡰ɫˡġ

36

˼ǰʱ, ûôԥӦ֮ȴѹû׼ȥ졣

˼Ȼ޻˵, ݱˡΥ

ǲ֪˼ʱ˸ýϲãûá
Ҳ˵ѹܣ, ʲô涼ʶˣѵ֪Լϲļҹ
һţ

һʱûѰϲ, ѲҪӲק, ǿбȢҹ㲻ɣ

Щõ˼˵, ͹, ܷܷͬἰʱ, ûס˼䡣

ƽ˵ȻûܷܷŴ󲡳, ɲãɫ԰, Щٻ˼Ҷԣȴˡ

Ҵ֮Ҫǵ̫, Ƿ, Ψһݣǿŵ߿ǵ顣

ԳЦҲ, 뷨ͬЩûˡ
⾩УǸࡣ

䲻ΪȻ, ѾӦϵĹܻҪġ

Ѱ˸գ˽ٽѵüһ档

ʱ𼱻ǵ, ǳʲôҪ£ȴ֪Եɺ󣬰û˵
ЩЦãԶԡ

㶨ѪҵǾŲŲյŲæҪ໥֣뱲ӵģǵѡԼϲĲźá

Ŀתؿʵ㵱ѡʥϣϲ

£ЦЦʱȻǵġ
;ôನۣҲǡ

²˵𣿻ؾʱҲˣʲôĹ㣿˿ڲ裬ǣ˸ϣУֻܸңҰ㱣ýˡ

붼û룬һڻؾˡ

ҲǡӣϲļҹһȥˣĻõߣǸп˾䡣

ⱾһѰĸпȴü룬չ黹ǽǲʱ˵Ļ˻ȥ

ǿԥҲûǿбʣֻ˵£ϵҲ޷ôһգֻҾǡ

áͷӦ

ûʲôһԭͬļƽǵ飬ȴʵڹУÿɻã

Ǳ⻰ʵ£µЦʲôõģ󹬶ҹܣź򣬽ʳ

ȴܳȥĻҼǵʱ飬ϲ⹬ڣ

ϵЦ⵭Щεأֻеðɡ
ȻõôҪģʧȥȴϲġ
ѾΣⱾҲֻˡ

Ҵǰ̼֣ؾ˿·ʱӦϲӡ໰ź
֮¹ûס˵˼䣬漴ʶԼʧ̬ʱֹסˡ

ţûķֻ̾˿ϧˡ

ͬ˻ƽǵ󣬱ûٶˡ

ǽ֮󣬰ڴ߳˻ö⡪
Ҫ

ǰڴ֮ϣʹ˸Ļ˼Ӧ֮һȥ
˵עȥôԶĵطˣ⾩ǣǿԹһġ

ʵں˼㲻Լֻ͸˼

˵ڹƵܣҪȥѰԪ䣬ųɻᱻأ˵׼ԣ˼ԼɢģʱǿӦ¡

ѾֻݹٷŻ𣬲յơԼ޷ȴ׼

֮ǷԸΪԼױһŵ˼֮󣬳ûͬö¡

ģòЩԣδòϷʲô˼ɺɫ֮飬˼ȻҲס
ԹһغҪ˼ӦԼʲôʱϤװһ
е㡰ɫˡ˼

˭֪ȵ䣬˶ˣû˸

ԡͺá˼ʱ͹Ҳǲ˹⻹ͷһء

ƤĪ£Ը˽˳ȥ巵ȥʣǷʲôˣ

ʱգ˼͹ֳû巵Ǳߵ̴˹ϵµò׼ȷϢٻܴЩġ

˹ؽеİ࣬ȵˣ

ǣֵΪʲôūû

ǵͷʾԼ˽ȥеҲ֮תΪɻ

˼һ磬ʲôҪ£ǾԲóȻ빬ġɾ㳯ʲô£Խֺαأ

ǶԴ˰˼⣬ʹã˭Ҳ벻Ե
շתãҲֻҰ¡

ڶգʱ࣬˶ŵѣ巵ȥ

һ棬ǾͿ˼ûЪá
⼬ֵȻҲûüͷԾ΢΢ţ·͸Щꡣ

ٻ˼ϼ顣

ǳгʲô𣿡ǽѰڵǰ˳һеģ

˼üģγƵҡҡͷûʲô

Ȼǡ˵ϹˣϰԼҲ׷ʣԼϵ档

˼ûʲôθڣûѣֻʵʲô£

ǵ˵㣬ڰڵԼĴ㣬ʱڳ̤ࡣ

ǰղ˵飬˼ô֮Ժֻʵû£ڴĿ˻ò¶࣬ʮԼȥɡ

ΪӦ֪ҹʲô飬˼

˼ûòĻᣬֱ˵ûԵ飬Ȼȥɡ

˵˼ѾԣҲٶֻǡ

˵ЩĿĻǴˣ巵ǵĲӶ첻١
ҲûŻ͹԰й䡣

ʱէůзЩ⡣ѿ︴գؾ԰̣֮ǰ۲٣˿Ŀ

۹̫ʯѳļɽ̫ѵ⼸̡
ԭֺģһ˺æرÿǹһ밲

ڹǳе£ԭûܣҲ֪һĵӣ̧ͷһۡ
ǡһۣŲ΢٣ͣ

ẓ́ƶ˼ʵȥͽģܻӣҲܺù
ǰ̣ݵúܣȴûή֮Ŀ֮Ҳûη֮⣬͸ŹĪƽ͡

Ҫǣüۣ˼мơ

ô˵Ҳǡ˼Ӹλϲŭɫϰߡ
ҪȽϵĻ̸ģʵ͢

ּæ˾䡣

ŻعźۼջĿ⣬״ʵôˣ

̫СūǸƹԡ޼԰ģ£ѵ˼䣬ײݣʵڸ

ˡ΢΢ףҲûٶʣֱ뿪ˡ

˼׼֮漴׼ܷܷ󲡳ţֻá
ǰһգ칬󣬱Űװ빬

칬һƬ̴
ȥ̽Ϣʵ

Ҿ֪̫£Ŵ飬ΰǺЦ̾˿밲ʱЦضزסһСŮ̬ĻյĳȣԭΪ¡

𣿡Щ⡣

ҵ빬ʱҲûʲôǺˣΤĥڵƢԡ̫󲻼ĥҲˣҺαأ

ֳɵ˵

գʥصĸ̫ҽݼȥûãԼҹ̫ЩΪʲô㻹²𣿡

ȵ۵ĺ˶¶࣬Щ갾ʶҲͶˡֻмܲ³š
̫˸޷޾ظһذɡ






37.   37    ɱ

37

ݳ͹ƺ, ˳š

ſڴߣ಼ۼ׳ĹԶȥ, ʶ˿

ȥΣѰĲ£, ѹδʩ죬һš
ɢ, ڹʱôׯ, ·Цݶÿ÷ִһ

ÿ毺õ, ֻģ, ġ

ԭȥԪɡй, ˵ɣԪʹ֮, ֪Ԫĸȥˡ
ôһͲٴš

ǽһͱõ, ԸǣȥŮ

㲻Ҫھתת𣿡þȵ
׼˹Ϲ, Ž͵Ԫ֮, ٳǼݣû뵽ǾȻԼȥ

, ԼҲûʲô˼ƫͷȥ, ŴЦֻǳ̤ˡ

ԥ˵ͷ, ʱԵĺȥӭӦˣһǮСκһ·ȥµ

Ǳ˵ĶȻӦ¡

֮ñ˳⣬Աָ򡣼·ϡ٣Ǳ޼ɵӣ;ķ羰

ʵҲûʲôġ
ڹƵþˣҹŵĶһأ룬ʲôò

СʱԶԶƳһƬƵӭǵأչ֮

òûֱصȥž룬ԶԶؾͣ
̽ӳȡһ籸õʳУǵԼȥͺáֻκ֣ЩʱȥѰ㡣

Ӧר̶ǰ·УԼ⡣

õһֱãǻΪר̫ҽ
̫ҽԴҲΪ˵ƶܿ࣬ʺȣܹյˣѷǳֻܾ֮࣬

ˣǴӲʲôĻҲӶ

ġô·ѣʲôȥϵĻҳЦѵóһأͱΪҷˣȥɡ

ĿԶ֮ŷԸȥ

ʱ︴գǳ̤ࡢĺʱڣԶԶرܿѾƯż

ǲûź˳ȺãԼ·ͷȥ⴬֮¡

Եҹ˳ɸɲ£ɶǶԣȴϤᳵ·ͬһۣӺɰ
ɰ׼ģСҲ˷̶ļǮ١

ûԥֱӸ˴ҡ

Ǹͷĸˣӵ֮£ɵЦˣ£ʲôҪǹּۻۣ

Ǳʵһ㶣ҲЦ͵ǰ̫࣬ϰˡ

Ƥô䣬òҵ٩˾䣬ϴ֮һӳſԼëʱӡƣȡãԿ

ǡȡѰ˵ģȥ֮ʵؿһء

СںƯţ˱ƴӴг峺ˮ֮ӳƣпҹκرһȤ

ʵҲһ˹ĺֻǲֱۣⷺɢڴ֮ϡ
ù˼ɹأҲСάϵŻʺĶׯ

ǱϥţСűеľƣǰźɽɫ

СһµĻƳۣȴϤףĿԺæ̧ס°

¾ȻҲûϵڴ˴ϣѵóȻ

Ǻ֪ӦԼ˾ٴǡ˵ʱҲˣƿĿ⣬ٿǻ
ֱԶȥ֮󣬷ų˿

û¾ھôãҲţ֪԰ŪǷǵˡ
οڳ¼£ϸǳ¾
ô룬ӦöὫԼ֮´ȥ

֮ʱӦѾдȻضɿȥˡ

Ҳ֪ǳʲô⣬ҵȣʼղӰƤ£ǳʲô£ȹ˴ԸسȥѰá

ҹ꣬
ǷһһǳһŵѭµĺۼѰˡ

ǰһнԭء

һعϹֽǮǰԭӦǹ·صĵط֪ʱѱΪƽءĹһԵ£УϻۣѾжʱա

ֻźͣˣɤ޻֮󣬷żѵؿڣ⡢ô£˭ģ

Ǳѹ䡣

ش𣬱˴˶֪µ飬ޡ
õˣͳҲôһҰˡ

ΪŮںݴ졣Ǵɾڳ¼ұԺִ빬С

ԭΪǶһ٣˭Ҳû뵽ԼΪйߣ¡
˳ݺ

óĬ˻ϥǰͽ㶣ڷӦʲôæǰȥ

𿴣£ס֣ǻȥȻȥʣµˣͬ㡣

ͬǽ˻ڻ²ȥ֣Ҳȥǿܼҵʵʹޡ

ǰǶǱġ񣬶ۼŴ˾ȴ޲ʮ˲
ˣƾʲô
Ȩĸ˼ңΪΪ̤

ЩңǿڱտڡءԼ˽ɹأα

֪˶ãõԻվö⣺Ҳعˡ

һ

ǰ˵Լģڹʵòšôۣȥͬ첩һء
βݽỷ㡣

ûе˼ǿԼ侲ͬǰ֣ܵ޷ǲعԼҷֻʱûˡ

һȥ߬õ֣ȻȻԭ·أȻع֮ӳ飬һ뷨Ϊ鸶ۡҡ

С̫Եʣϵĺ͹Գ͸Щ
ɻеƶȴĪŷ

Ÿ˵Щʲôȴֻƿ֮漴һ֧޷֮ϡ

ǷӦЩͷֻһأ˵ӭ֮С

پǰһڣεѹţƳص֮ʶʲô

ã£Ҫʲôȴá

õǸ߲٣ǡýؽ£ϵʹӿȴǿŲûţֻƺ

ǻƵزߵӣһߡ
ͻĴɱӰһš

û£˿𣬡ͣˡ

ҧŴᣬ鿴ȴ·˹ӡ

ҡҡͷε߬䣺ҷߡ

˵̿ͣöԣѾǼ¡
ǿһϵƣòֹסʱ˳

ڻ֮èȦû׺ݵĴ̿ͣ˸ϤӰǰںϴĳ¾

¾߽֮󣬿ǽģ̾˿빬ҲͰˣôЩˣ

Ҳ˲ʲôȥĨ˰ᣬæȾȾã

˽̿ȥˣҪԵƬ̡¾ԶǵĳջĿ⡣
֮зҩ˹ȥ

Ҳ˲ʲôʱ÷ȥϸմڵɺѪĿġ

¾˰Ҳ䣬ʱŷԸôȥ֮ϴ˿ڡ
ֱʱԭӹи١

Ҳû˼ϸְһ£ֻų¾ֹ

ͨҽģҲҩӦĴ֮̽ͻؾС¾˼ֱ˵ؽ꣬ʱ磬Ժʰһٻع

ôһǽģع֪εȻ󲨡
ǻعͷӦá

δΪһ˳¼ҵɡ¾ǰ·ʾԼ

⻰ѯǰţҲûԵ⣬Ӹȥ

֮һǣŲˮ
ҲʲôʺӣϾ¾ͼǱģʱûͬ˼ϣ֮ײ˳ݣǵó¾ڷŶһ١

¾ĳ˽ⲻæһݣʵûʲôġ

˭ģʡ

ǴɾȥȫȻ֪ƾ޾ݣſָ֤¾

ȷˡ
Ǽ˼Ȳس¾ԵʣǱʶҲţ¾·Ӧö⾩֪֮

֮£̫ȣΪ侲ͬ¾лȻĬ

жԽ֮ʵ²⣬ֻ¾֮ʵ㲻ϤóȻڡ
ֻ뾡عУͬ˼

Ȼ֮϶浽ҪĹͷ뵽ģȴ

صУʱѾ磬½ϣڱԺϴ֮󣬻عҲѾĺ֮ˡ

ϵǣ˼͹Ⱥ򣬵ʡר̸£巵ȥ

ҡ

ǲһڣͱ˼ˡüͷ΢壬Щ𱸣ôʱŻһأҪ'ֲ˼'𣿡

˼֮±̸֧֣͹ôЩʱ򣬲֮ңЩ

ԭʱָһӣͬ͵ǳ⡭

ȥ£˼ٴδĻһԥջö⣬պãҲͬ㽲

ǶʱӿһֻһľƣЩ
̧ۣûƬ̺ɱҡ






38.   38    ӯ󹬡

38

ƣ, ëԽ˶ԭء

ܷܷЩʧˤ˲յѾ, ˼ͫ΢𾪵ؿ

˼ǣϾв, ˼ңžȻ

ô£˼ϵ΢΢ս, վ, 㲻ѰԪȥ˭ھж㶯֣

̧̧, źʹӾ˳ȥ, С¡˹ܷܷõĲ, żѵؽ顣
ǰ㾪Ķ, ʱٻԾϢ
·Ƕ˻ӯǹ޵Ѫ

ǳ̫, ֻ²ֹó£ҲδܻǱ˱ۡ

øڹԿ֮ǰع, мæ, 㽫˵ôعֻи¼ҴΪտ

ʱýεػ, Լ¾˵˲Ҫ֮, ôѪ岻á
ܱܲס˭Ҳ˵׼

˼ûϵǻǣ²ϸʱ, ϵĲˣ׷ʵɻԵˣҪô̫ҽ

أҡҡͷýһúܺá

Ǿͺã˼˿˼Ƭ̺ſڵһ̫ȥ£ֻڹкúôţҪ빬ˡ

شǾû⣬ֻƣ
ûоʹ˷Ź𣺡ڳ̫ǰʱҲóȻἰҾŴƽѲ˸ϵҪ飬Ӵ˴֡

˼á

Ҳ֪ЩʲôԵЩղİЩɲ

Ǻϵյ裬ǰ׷ʵ㷽˵Ҫҡʲô£

˼ʵһżԼ⣬ɶǱģԭ׼õĻЩ˵ڡ

ʲôҪ£˼ɣҸȺúЪϢɡ
˵꣬ԴҪΪɣ͹

ǿıӰûҹɫ֮Уü΢Ŀ֮ɡ治ʲôҪ£ֵԹ

˼·𻹽ǰǸɵӺŪΪԼ˵ʲôͻʲô
ǿУֻֿɱֺЦ

ȻԿʲô飬Ҳֻա

ڶһ磬ǲ˳¼ȥĵؽýӽԭţô̫ҽڣҩӦоУܽġ

첻Ը
λԺС̫ҽ֮󣬶˵;ƿ֮࣬췦ϼֵǵҩģҲǿٵյˡ

ȦˣҲûǨŭ̫ҽǣֻٶ뷨ӡ

ûججģѵʱ٣ʱ䶼ڻԣż߶߶šӡ
ŮС

ǰΪҵţֱŮںĥȥİѹ

źҧ֮ǵôѾҲûΪŮ
ҲŲȥˡ

̻ģѵһǰǺǿȰ˴帣£Ҫ߸˼ȥˡ
㲻ھΣӦҸ˲ǡ

ǿ⣬˵ġ˴֪֮Ҳûʲô塣
ۣ߬ݹ᾵󣬳ŵһĹЩ˵ġ

üѵ¶Ц˵ͷ

ҩ˯ȥ漴ױ巵ȥ

⼸գ˼˲ٶҲ֪æʼûҲûиҪϢ

ǰװɵ㶣ϣʵ

巵Ⱥ˺һԼ˼ûżɽյ飬ɲʲôˣ

̫ͱ˵Եʣ˼ü֪ļɴ¸ϵش󣬲վܲġ
ȳ̫³Ի𸴡

ǰ⻰Ųɣȴ̲סɣʶط˾䣺ƽйأΣ

⻰ʵģǻƫ̻һ
Ҳ֪Բף˼⼸յرܣʵ˲ٻ

Ȼ˼ʺɫ漴

ȻĲʵᷳ˶Ȧ̽Գ׽˸ףΪνĴ֣ѹֻǸ߸¡

ǣ˼г֣ȻңҲǰʧǵɡ

ǲ㲻ܵͬš
˺ׯαװüۼ͸Źɾ󾢣˴ǰ·Ҫһ𰸾ݡ

˼ŭԵдһʣжۣαػҪ˵Ȼ˵ᣬѵͻ𣿡

ǶؿֻҪ˵ԼûҾš

һ˫ЦۣԭϲģɴʱȴûЦ⣬þˡ

˼ܴпԼӰߣ˵ΥĵĻ
ȷ

ƽƴ󣬱һвͷϵ˳Ұ֮СҪ𣬾ʲô¡
д뷨Ҳֻͼ֮һ͡

ο⵹ƽһɣбǳ¼Ҷ󡣵ƺ֮Լĵϵ֮ǰóȻƻƽ⡣

ǵڴ֮ˣȻԼңʵ˵ֻԼìܵ͸

ҿԴӦ㣬ʱ죬ȻԼΪ˸ۡ˼ؾ

ԭĲõ֤ʵǳ˼˼ͷۣʱ졭
Ҫˡ
𣬳Ĺο˭أ

ûͬ˼˻ߵ磬ֻ૵ţ´䣬Ҳ˵ãǰޱİˡ

ǺٻǰᣬôЩദָ
˼ЩⲻĴ㣬¡

ǰҪӵ뻳Уȴܿˡ

ǻȥᣬһ˫ۣͷѾ㾳أʲôһ˵˰ɡ

˼סһʱ䲢ûǺ⡣

Ҵӹר͹ȺʲôҪͬᡣֻǼҳ£ʶҸǺشƣ˵綼Ҫ˵ģᣬװɡ

δ巵£˼Ǹ񣬿رܣŰ˳Ѳ˸ϵ

˼⼸յȷԥοڣĿͬ˻ڵԼλ󣬳һֱڽӣӯ󹬡

һֱͷϵǰذٿȻ£ۣȴ㲻Ϊ˵ǣʳѰˡ

ǰ̫ʱǾôһ졣
ϾĸԺ˼ͲǸأ

Щʱգ빬˼ǵķӦⲹģۺʱκԽ㡣

ǲû⻰οҧŴ̫صԵʣѾѪ

˼ˣæȥ
ҧԼƣۼųѪҲûջء

֮Ѫӿ˼Ż͵ƿǿסĳ嶯ԼԵ̫Ǳ

ҶԲס㣬˼󲻿ɿѪȾ˵䣬Ӧףλãɲҡ
һƺ

ǺۣζЦ˼ָͷҲص뿪ˡ






39.   39    ڹ

39

ϲ, 󶼷ܼ
ʱÿ£Ծɱĥ

̲ס, δ빬ֻ빬ʱЩˡͲᷢ顣

µ˵ʲôˡ
̫ҽǲƴ, ߾ȫҲֻöżհˡ

, õѵѹһ, ڴ߷㶵ʱ쵽, 첽ǰ

úЦ, ɫƽ, ǸȰĳֻᣬ˰β, ѹȥ

ðøп˾䣬ǵ΢΢, ǣΪѾ, Щ, ǿ

ǵϾ, Ҳòʲô

빬ôЩʱգͿ˼, ҲƽֻҪıʲô¡
Ϊ˱Լ۽ȥȴۡ

е˼, δÿɷֻŴѪɫʾ

ЦЦĿĵ˼䣬΢ȥ
Ŀ֮дЩ۰ǣۺʱεأҪǵãȰԼ

Ǻۣ˵ͷ

رۣ΢ɲ飺Ҽȥˡºڣص˰ˡ

䣬ǱԼյжϢش

õʱ䣬ߵƵģϡ

Ƕ֪ʺ⼸Ƣǰã˭Ҵţܷܷǰȥӣƽ㣬ڰ˳ɡ

ǰݣǲɵ𣬵ھ׸֮еΡ

δѰ˼Ӻűͷͷѹûиʳ
ýԼķЩ˲֮£Ϣ֮С

ʱͬԼķǻ⣬ЦǸɵӡҲΪȻ

ɻͷٿԼ̲סЦһˡ

Ϊ˵ģȥԷᡣ
ȴûôֻõ˼ǱٵķĹһԡ

ʯһԸԳ粽ԼŮúûˡ

سѹûʾ˼˼ԸϹҲûʱعȥȥ˳¼ҡ

ǴӱԺϢعȥŷϳʱĿɿڴһڸǽͰ͵ġ

̫ڸУʡ

ŷѹæͷڡ

Լţ·ɡ

¾һʱ
˼д֮Ǿ֪Լ˳Ѵ֪ȷеˡ

Ѿڣȴǲ뽫ʹ˽ҹȥҪŪУԴ˳¾⡣

ĵ¾Ϊ⣬ȴ֪Ƶģҡͷ̾˿ġ

ΪΣ

ôм¼ҵ£ܻ䵽ʥ϶еġ¾ͬ侲ԣ˾Ȼǡѡˡ

֪Ƕ˳¼ŮݣְȻվ˼һġ
˼ȢŮƶǻԼ
ȴõ飬˼˽¼ѯ

˼֪£ϲ¶ҲȻŭ

ޱô룬ֻҪࡣ

¾źۼع˹ֺЦ

˼ԭ̴úܺãҪԼˣҪ¼ҵƣνһá
˭Ҳû뵽ǵûܰ˸|̳ҪģԽԽԶ

¾ǰǲǵ飬˽ˣǿʼ˼ŴӺζ

ˣɳӣǡ̻˵ģ
ԼİŻһ١ٶãԲŸ

ʥϷԸ£ɸдɱ֮µˣ׼¾ŶЩ˵û׼ͳ⹹ݣȻҪвźá
ȷ֤ݵģѾȥǵȴʥðɡ

֮Ҳû٣ֻǳŵ֮£ڣҶе֪

¾Ц

ͬ˻ٴ˵Ѿˣ֪󣬱Ȼ  ̫ʲô˵ǰ׵ʵˡ

Ǳ⻰ˣ¾ЦҡҡͷԸǵ˱裬ſ˿ڣǰЩӲĵϸ

֮еǣǴ̿Ͳ̹ıȷƽǧ˿ƵĹϵ
֮ǣݼҾȻҲǣС

ΪݳܹݼҵĶݣɱǰһգȥͬһҼ˹ݡ

ɱضǺ׼Ҫ֮£©ģֱʱ¾ĴǶϽúܣδֱ˭ֻ֣Լ鵽ϢԼжϡ

ǣˣ˽¹ѺϸϸʡƫƫƽӺݼҶӡ¾üһ䣬¶ЩεȻңҲò¡

鵽ľЩŻţ֤ˡ

ǳĬ˳¾ĽҲ쵽͸¶Ϣ
˼ûôγ¼ҡ
ݡϵ֮£˼ƫ¼ҡ

˽ˣʮָգվл

¾ûٶԣ͡

ٳǰǺعȥͷʵ̫㵱ΪҪѰعأ

Ϊ˴֣¾ἰ¾Ҳûʲôܻ䣬̹ԵȻҲΪ˳¼ҡ

ʱ֮λδпܼελң¼϶¾Ȼ˳˳صϵλ

ţдһʣֻʹȻ

¾δ˼ĲѧвѡʱھǣţֻžǣҲ⡭
ô룬ԶԶùա

ֻϧҲֻˡ

Ԥϵģ˼ûԼңѹûͬݼҿ漰Уֻϳ˴̿빩λ

̵תǳĬƬ̣ĵɡ

֮һģвúҪ빬ᡣ飬֮Ը˵˼ûͬ飬ֱӶ

Ǵ칬ȥ̫һ⼸λҪסĹңԼԵ¡

Ҫ빬ĹλΪ۵ģ⡣
Դǵû⣬ֻǾźЦתתԹﻹ빬ˡ

˭ϵأ

ʣλ֮Уλس֮Ůڹ֮ϼǵģ˽⡣
һλѹûŵҲ㲻϶ߣеǸġ

ǲ֪֮βģѡôλҲȥϸֻԼʺְ𣬰¡

̫ûû֣¾˿ͺܺáйֻҪø飬佾ꡢʣ¼һգûԽùȥ

ǺЦӦˣȥʱ˴빬󽫵ź˶ǲ˳ȥֻ˲Եܷܷ

øã빬ɡ⻰˵ûȴδɡ

ܷܷɴۣŵؿţƽ㣡

һլԺǮ뵱浾ĹҲУԪҲУ㡭Ȼͳﻮ׵ڹˡ
ⲻʲôõط

ǰֻ֮һˣ¶Ҫüλˣ˵׼С
Ҳ˵ȫԼܷܷˡ

ǰ֮ڣ¼ܷܷ£ôһգԲԭԼ

ԣͳȥɡ

׽һҪ飬Լԡ






40.   40    

40

ǰʲô, ǶʹܷܷԼ뷨ȴǿӲҪͳȥ

ܷܷûʲô, ֻǲĽƲ£Ȧˣƽ㡭

ôһյ, ޷, Ҳһ, 𣿡
빬֮, 㲻ٹ˼Ե, ߸˵ع, Ҳܽɿ

˵ϣܷܷҲû˷, ջѡ˼

¶ԸԣûʲôѴ, ֻǽһͷѡ֪ǵĴʶصͷӦ, Щɡ

ʥϽҪһ, ˾֪
ûʲôǣͷβûֹ, ûʣֻ΢ʡǾҪͷ, Ψһ׽ͳŹŹ֡

Ĭ˻̧ۿǣ⹬ŲȫˣŻŽܷܷͳȥǳʲô£

ǰ֮, ˼¾ʵʵû©ʲô֮æʱ䶼ڳӪԴ˲֪顣
Ǵⷴľٶ֮УЩߡ

ǴۣŲյ˿ڲˮŲŲæûʲô£ˡ

ǰܷܷ֮£ûãѰ˸ͷһ١
˵˼ûΪ׷վݼҼǺޡ

֪̣زӲƽݼң֣¼Ҫ֣ε

ɳ֮ϲ;Ϊͣ

ʸڷϣԾɽŽɣ󷴸ʲôѴԸңҪԼһ˵š

üһ䣬Ц֪ˡ

ܷܷͳһ׮£ԭȤӱƽ

û׽ˣҲûԹ䡣
ÿհͰӦ飬칬̫밲Ͼʱϰֻ塣

ǿĻ̫ҲûȰȥֺá˼ֻù񣬲

ۺ֮ûиҲ޷

һתۣ͵빬ӡ

ʵһľԭôУǲţа˳ʲôԼ֪Ŀ
ҲԸȥ˼ô

ɸֵ黹ںͷŸ빬ӵϼʹ̫ҽ˵ǲˣѹû͹밲

˻󣬽˴ЩƷȥûҪ׷˼

밲λƲȥⲻᣬʣ˳ûΪǣŹ˵˼䳡滰֮󣬱øԻȥˡ

λˣȴû뿪һҪɡļơ

δ￴ݲ١Цӯӯ

ǲ̲ƳһۣԲ١

ҭ£ڵظ˸޷˵˵ϼλ

ȻģɻЦЦʵڵȥϼͬס

ǰڹʱѳǰֺ
λݰйԼҲǰǰ˼ɣֻ㬵ʵضңУȥϼˡ

ˡʱ¡
ǰδϣ˼ȴˡ

⽫ⷴӦУʵԼĲ²⣬״ϧ̾˿֪

ǿװģü΢Ǵǰǰ㣬װǻƣǵõȵ߳ŭʱ򣬲ſлֱ˵

⻰˵ʵôЩû˸ҵġɫһһ󣬺ݺģЦ

˵˵ɣ˹ϼǸϣ˭

Ǵǰѹ벻еƣ뾩ԺöˣЩ˽ֶζ˽⡣
οԼǶų¼ҵͷġ
㶹֮󣬻ʲô׵أ

޷һ׮ҽˡ

ԭǴ㹴Լȥģɱ֮ȴδ̫ϧ硭
ۿ֪֮ʧ̬

ܣǻ⣬ֽ̧źϤǲ˳ȥ˵ɡ

ѵ𣿡ϳֵʥϴۣΪգϧǼһΪεġ˭أ

뿴ǵЦȴûԼĻѲԾ¶ޡ

ȴû¶ʧֻ̬Ȼ

²Ѳ¡
ϾȴȽ˼δ¶κҹĺøУ޶ã¸ɫľջ黭
֪ľѾЩֻ֪ࡣ

Щٶݼҵľɶȷˡ

˵⣬ǣԼķӦЩ⡣

ƽŴ£˵׼ѹ˺ѷεĵز£ʲô޵еֻƣ롣

ȥ׷µȥֻ˼Ƚ˺ֻƲϵ˼ĴҲգܲˣҲܡ

ⶨؿţǾ׷һʱЩɸ֡
Щɫﲻٲ²£Ϊβִ빬Ϊβ㣿

Ƕ˲յֶסˣƵúһ͡

ͣƬ̣ѹøЩţˡ

ᣬǶš

յȲϣæҵץһѣûòյˤڵء
ȹ˲䱻ɫĲˮʪ̵ֱͨ졣

Ƭ̵ĿհףãȻ޴룬͸ŹɿûŶλʱ߸ϵʡ

㡣

ǡʲôʱ£ãȻ˾䣬ѳζǵ˻ǰЩԵϸƴյһëȻĴ

ǳϦҹ

ҹΪܷܷǣҶǣǵ˼ãȥȥȴû˸
ڶգ̫ĵط˺һʾ˼
հ죬˼ʱ̨ף˵в֮

ٺάϵűƽͣദһʱգֱǰ˼ĪȻ

ʱ˼⣬׹ǳȥȽġ
Ӧǵ֪еϢ
Ҳˣ˺֮¡

ʲôߴ١ȣҪȽĺһ˳ְˡ

ȽǶס޹˵ģδз֮ʵҲټ֮빬˼İţ񵱳ڳ¼һΪȽ˸ݡ
Ϊ̫ۣҲΪ˶³죬һ빬

׮׮ԭɻ˽͡

ܰɣ֪߲ȴǸɵһͷβڹС

׹뺮µıߣֻͨ巢ǺХϦҹ͸ŹɶģڴŻ

룬ⷴӦֻЩ

ȻǵĳȽɡ
˵ŵڵĴҹ㣬黭ͨȴϵͷŶ빬Щװ׵ĵڡ
½ԼݼҹϵпɣɾŲݡ

ǲţȥϼʱգҲԻˡĵ̾˿ֿ˻ʧǵģʩʩȻ檹л£㲻ˡ

ûصҧָڣòײǿѹ·θĸоһѾѪ

ֽػǱģæǰеôˣųײ

Ƕ˶ȴû˵
˻վҸ¡






41.   41    ȥ̫ҽԺҪ̥ĺ컨

41

ɫ̫ѿԵ, ӸµѾأҪҪ̫ҽ

ǰ, ̫ҽǸ͹Դ֪ԼȵҩʲôǱܾŲ, ˴¡
ƽûͷȣǲ̫ҽġ

ٴηֵ, Ҳûü, ͷɫ, ϼķȥ

ǲΪϳ, ȥ
ʱߵû, أǻָģ

еϼ, Ǽ֮ˢˢعһء

ѹûͣ, ֱȥ̨̤, ִӷг, ϥһ

˼ӦҪ󣬽ֵ֮, Ѿδټû뵽ָϼź

ɷЪ¡

Ҫɣѹû˵, ЦЦִǰ̱أô񷴵Լ֪ˡ

ֱѵһݣ
ǰǿͿ, ȴɨ棬һʱûܷӦ

ܲµΪζģǰҲ˼ʾ⣬ԲŻͼ

ֽչǰסģһʱѵһ

ȻִˣǾɡֲùǽš

ӦĶǽźǡȽŮһ񣺡檼ʺ

ʩ죬ϵȷЩݣòԵ

ǲû۴ţֻԭϸȷЩ

ֺͬȽȫ̬ȹ³ٳδҲԹɫ
ǾţԼǻеĶˡ

ԥһ˲˵ס

һԵЩ಻סڼޣӰ쵽δĻãϢص˸ɫŮȥ巵Ϣȥ

⵽СûҲ뿴˼֮δô£
ôãڵģҪʲô̬ԣ

Ů뿪λſڵɡ

ظæǰȽȽҲЩʣƫͷȥס˴

£Ӧ¡

ַºͲˮˡūšֻóʲô⣬˭Ҳе𡭡

ȽҲˡʧǡ

һһ͵ģǵûŻֻ֣̿ŸģҧòײŽǸŻͷѹȥ
˶¡

ʺ󷢻˭ҲΥ֮ǰȽζŲʣǧҪǿţʱ̫ҽ

Ƚ˵ͷ

ȥǿڵ𣬱ѹ벻ϼɾ㡣

ʱȽĿ˸۽ޣȥе

˵㻳СٴЦԭǲŵģϾݼҺôŵڣ̳Ůû뻹ǡ

⻰гζ̫ŨЩȽȦˣֹ£Ҫ𷣣檾ްԹԡ
òҼ

ǲûȰȽҲں˼֮⸱ΣϣϾش

ղڵ˼ĵȴٳٲ

ڵţŮĻŵ˵ʲô

巵˵ʥæϾ˼Ů¡

˼֪飬ʲôȴûգת
еĶҲ˲̫࣬ʱ첽š

ȽطڵϣһԵαײƫƳȥʱͻˣæؽȥ̫ҽ

ǶŮǽȽЪϢûֻЩͷ
ô˼û

ʺǺαأֵɫѿ˵ʱҲǰǰ˳ǰ̵ʱļӣٶ಻֮ϸԻΪء

üҿûԼҪġ

ɽиôҪôʥϽɵ

֮ǰȸҸŶԡǺʾʵϲ˵ء㵹˵˵ºϹ𣿡

ֱʵƿԡ
װףǵϹأѹֻǿڻáݼҵķϣŻػŰˡ

ҪѧءѧʫǣҪҶׯأתͷԼվЦʲôǣʲôңƭɵӵˡ

ֱ⻰Ŀɿڴ

ȴûֱͣ뿪
ʱ˼Ƚٸʵף۳ȥȴʲôںˡ
˼Ƚкξ飬Ρ鸴ȼʲôϵأ

µ񣬻ʲô˵ģ

ϼǲʵĸоԾɻ֮ȥǰؿڣھЩԾ

ԭΪԼֻ˼ɹģⷴĸŻ˷Ƚµģ

һ뷨Ǳ㽫Լסˡ

Դ֪ϦҹһֱⲻԼ˼ĽӴƵӦȴʮеʵ
УȻȽ֮

һҲ̲סҺԵĴƵŻ

ǲԶظּˣ첽ǰеôˣȻ̫ҽɡ

ҪնػؾˣʶԼķӦ̫ҺŻЦֻǼɣŶİˡ

ʱ
¹ϵʥϣʺ˵ȴǲҽӻġ

ڴ˺ŰɣߡǷֵ֣ԹԵǰš

ԶЩǲΡΡ̧֣Լƽ̹С

̫ҽ
һʵˣǽ飬͸ɲƿˡ

ͺñȵ˼һʥּ಻Ҳֻʵʵ빬иӣǴעᱻڹС

Щ꣬Լ˼ĺӡ
ǲѧԼ฻ͨֻҪֵسͺáܰǣϤĽ̵ȵ׷Բʱ˼ԺеĹ³ϥ
жá

ܵĺӺڴ־塣

ڰ칬˳̫ٽ̵ǱĬҲǰȹ
̸ʲô鰮ֻһʺ󡣡
ʮһ̫

ɽ֣Դ

ԼºӣȽǸǽɵĺӹĶǣΪ˶һ

޸˼빬ѵΪ

԰ãԶԶؼţ׷ױÿΨһǰһ

ǻعϳǰǰԼģ͢мµ̡
ʶݣЩ㱡

﷽˫壬

ǴۣŷԼŵǿ񣬾֪ʱˡ˼ʹͣ˵֮ֵǡ
ûȥӣؿڵˡ

ʹͣȴʲôϲɫ̧øЩūŲܡ

Ǹӣ˼ǲǡڱ

ûϵͻȻսʶڰ׷֮ͫоһĬ˴¡

ñ㣬ҲǲСǶʵΪʲôأ

ֻҪ˱𣬡̿˸ͷ֣µūҲ޷

ǲûȥֱ赭д߳˸˽ͨеĹŮ֪űȥ̫ҽԺҪ̥ĺ컨͹
ܰ쵽ʹӦ㡣

⿼飬ЩԾת뿪֮ǰӦǡ

뿪ϼá
ֿȽ°̥ҩֿһЪ֮ųš

ûܽ˼Ƚĥһ٣ﻰⶼ͸ʧ䡣ԥã巵ȥŽǰ֮»ˣ˼

˼ǵΪȴûŭļֻ˵Ҫġ

ִ̬ȣһȰΪ˶̥ǵÿգȥɡ˸е̥

˼ӦȴûʱȥͰӣֱϦ£

̿һƬƣĿ
˼ڼ֮ϣ̧ۿţĪƽʱͬһĻơ

һţΪīƻЩʱľڳ
ƽȴá

͹ǰʱ˼ԥţûü̧ͣߵǺƬ̼ʹˡ

˼ջĿ⣬Ƴǰ·Թẉ̂ŸҩСƤĪ¡
ʹأ˾䣺ȥ͹ģ

漴ͣ£̷ڵϣʥϣǡ

ʺˣ˼һԵ֡

üʵū֪Щʱʱʺﲢ

ǲȥʡ
˼Ը˾䣬չ黹ûԹȥԾϼȥˡ






42.   42    Լ׸ѿ

42

صϲķ, ȴ᲻θ
ǼһѼʱЩûסŻµ

߬˿, ǿû¶ùŮǼ¡

Ȼû̫ҽΣǶԼ֮, Ѿ߰˷ְաôȥ˶, ߵҲȻῴ

ʱκһ, ͬӡ

ĥŸβźʱ, йŮСؽͨ, ˵һ

ЩԾ, û뵽̾ܽˡҧŴĬƬ̺, 

Ůȥʱ, 㽫˸ˡ

̲̤żʹ, ƵϦվ, ճϸ

ؿţֱ, γƵջĿ⡣

̵ò͢ȷЩ, ûʮĵز̵ͨʸЩ
žʱ⾰ԵʣÿÿܻЩ㱡

ūҲ, ҪĶ

ǵĿڵСϣ΢΢ףʵʲô֣

񡣡̹

ǰ˵ñΪ㱨𡭡Ǹǵַһԣ˵˵ɣĳ˭νģ

̧ͷһַۣɿƿ

Ǵۿĵš

ݻ˵ԭھһҾʵ˼ңذռʯƬԭһӹڣȴ̼̫ϣﲻɣʹ˴ֶݺ
ȵʱΤԵʣ̼ƴ󣬹ԱҪ֣Ѱվ͸޿֮
ͷ˸³Դ֮빬

˼꺦̫࣬˭

˸ͷһһڸ֮һ¼

ǵӡǰٰ칬֮ʱع
¼Щͣ޷߰ףֻģĻѹ벻ĺ顣

ȥ飬д£ỹһǲаԡ

ͷڱĵϣԥаԣūŲú

ǵͷһԵֵűƣ̼ȥ¡

֪˳ûԥʱհȥˡ

뿪ǽԶԶǲ˳ȥԸδñ׼κ˲ڣġ
ڻϣԭ뽫һϳȥɴʶĲչ黹ǽ˸ˡ

ǱȥҪҲҪ֧ʹ

䲻ԣûΥ˼ڴ£ʶػعͷ뿴ǻʲôԸ

ҪҡַԸ˾䡣

漴ƫͷȥĿбӵؿǰ

ʱɫѾװ΢΢Ĳӳڴϣãǵ֮ȵҩС

ҩζ漴ӿûԥֱͷȥ

ǰȵЩĿҩȣҩԼЩ𣬲ڽܡ
򴽽ǣƽط롣

ԭѹϡǿʯͷɢˡ

ʱûʲôӦǼҪΪԼŪˣѹδСûãҵʹƵһ亹ҲʵĲ²⡣

ǽؿŰߣ̫Եʣָڶˡҧӣǿû

꣬һֽϷʵ̬ȣ˼סغ󣬽ᷢΪޣ˵ĺԴ˽һܲɷ֡
ѡķԼ׸ѿ

ӽ󣬴·죬һߡ

*

ϼӯŹ޵ҩζ̫ҽЩʱιİ̥ҩ
ŮԭſɢɢζȴԼӸ

ڸ˰գ˼̤Уŵǹɿ⡣

ȽѪɫڴͷӭϣ˼ʱҪ˽

ض񣬡˼һѣģ󣬲ɵü̫ҽô˵

ȽЦҡҡͷûʲô

ŲǣһԵŮȽѾߣǿŲ˵ŵӻػ̫ҽ˵ӵӱֱ̥úúýźãٳʲô©ˡ

ݵúԡȽЩؿ˼̫űˣʥһء

˼Ƴ˱һۣڵ޷

ȽԥƬ̣Сǻʺ

ǵ˼֮ˣֻҲ͹ˣ⺦ġ

⻰˵赭дԴǼ䲢޶ԻʺŭɶûУȽĶ˲١
һ⣬ϥʹ
Щǿ¶ЩЦ⣬ɵص˵ͷ

һ£Ƚ˶٣˼׷֮żʺἰԭûͬ˳֮£רġ

˼üЦƽ˸Ů

Ƚԭû׼ʱȥ֪ڱƲȻԼǾڰ϶
˸޷µػ˻⣬Ц檽гϲĲɫ

˼֪ԼҹӦϼȴɲɱ뵽ǣ񾿾ѹ

ЩʱգʱʧǵģҲڹϦҹ֮¡

Լλ𣬳ȷһֱڴ߲ɣǹδö⡣ҹǡٶڹмȽ֮ʱһʱִپ

ﰵͣȴܱ棬˼ʱ˱˼ڳϦҹ֮󣬼ǵͷͣҲΪٶԥ

ɺɲɣȽС
ε̫ƽվòˣܻºۼʱʵѡ

Ѹˮգ˼Ȩ֮ԳӦ˳ǵĴߴ٣ѡ֮Ů빬ô˻£ʵ

õ鰮ȡᣬû취׸ᣬʱʱǡ

ȽĲɣֹ

ֱֽ֮ƽ

ūǲ̫ҽԺʹûŻʺкα֮ʱײֻ̡͸Щţ̫ҽԺ˵Ҫ˺컨

䣬ȽɫԼСʧؿ˼

˼üͷţҪʲô

ȽµֲԾ߬
ʵûϵ㵽ز˼ȻŻʺ󣬲Ҫıá

ȥ͹ʡ˼û˵꣬⣬ٿȻԹȥ

ʱɫѾװ£ȽҪȰ裬ɻû˵ǣ˼ѾͷҲص뿪ˡ

˼û˼ߣǵš
ٳ飬Ʒ˽ҲǿڹģŶȽĺ֡
ҩʲôģ

һʱͷҲ룬ȵ͹󣬼ŽգǶԶԶغʱƤ

ʺأ˼ʵôźģ

ڷУǹһأ˵δ׼˭Ҳڡ

ǲΥ˼ȴûʲô˼ɡ
첽ǰִڷʱĪЩԥƬ֮ƿš

ǰһн

ǿΣڱĴʯϣɫ԰ֽ亹޷ʪ΢۽϶մˮ飬Ҳ֪Ǻᡣ
ɫȹˮ̿䦿Ѫ÷

쵽ŵĶ̧ۿ˹׵Ĺžӳű紵ȴӳ

ĿɢٲǴǰǸ۶ɵˡ

˼ӣƵز






43.   43    Ҳ㡣 

43

ǲûϵ˼

ϾѾδ̤͹, Ƚսһô, ʱ򶼸ϼ꺮ůŶԡ

ĶʱǾ֪¾סˣӦ, ʱȸָȥ
ǣ

˼еκ, ֮Ƿ, ѹûʲô˼ϸ

ع, ǻȥԼĸ̫ҽ, ع, ŵʲô

⻰ʣȴ, ûаϣ͸Щ̿֡

˼ϵλ, ʼһ߸ϵģѵüʧ̬ˣЩЦ
Ҳȷô, ˳, ǳζ

˼·Цۣһʱûѹס, Щ˻ߵζˣ

Ƕ˶˿ɡ
Լ·Щ, ͬʱǰδеѣٲᱻǣˡ

£ҵġ˼͹, أԾɲǰʵûܽӡ˵ڡ

Ⲣͷһص֪Ϣ
֪Ƚ֮ʱ̸ϲ뵽Ҳ鰮⺢ӿܴı䶯һס

񣬿ȹӿѪ˼ȴֻͷĿѣϾ˼
ûʱǰȥŷţվΡ

ǶķӦ޶ãؿۡ

ĴнήĻ

ŭǱ۵˼֪ᵽʹ

ʹͷ侲Щ첽ǰǴӵϱ

ֱ˼㲻ɵû˻
̫ˣҲ֪͹ūôźģ

ϲɱմȾѪŨصѪϮɢǹõѬ㣬Ҳޱе˼ʧȥԼĺӡ

ⱾĵӻŮ

ΪޣۺҲҲգδҡ֪УȻϤշܸٳ趼ӡ
ǰʱ˺ӣ˵Ĺϵܽ͡

ôҲûϵ֪Լк󣬷ǵδ裬ѹû֪ѡַʽһض

˼ۿݣζӳ£˵𾪶ЩãȻЩ
ǣ͡𣿡

֪ԹδԼز

ǵѾЩģͷ˼ѿɫЦЦô̸ϡ

˼ûüֻǣһǣˡ

ԲŻȥѪĺӡ»˼Ҳϧ

˼һ͡
ദôЩ꣬ǵᣬҲ֪ļͣûʶľ
ڣ֪Ӧԡ

Ŀɢ΢Щҵ߬סǵ󣬵ƾʧһ

ԹǴ󲻾Դǣ˼̫ҽϾͻΪΣӡ

ֱʱŻرܣǲɵЦ̾ô

Ȩ½ĽĿȫǣ˼£
֪ôһգ뾩

ǵˣҲԶԶùա

˼죬֪α⡣
˵ԼǱʱЯŵ˽յزѡ񣬿ɶǷ·궼͸Ŀ⣬ȴֶ˵ڡ

ǲǴǰǸ˵ʲôʲôɵӣǰ龳˼Ҳ޷ΪԼҽˡ

˴֪ǵ桰ѡ񡱣ֻǺ֮ѡˡݾѡ
Ǵ

ŪȨʳܽأմȾ֮񫣬һõϡ

鲢ԸڻŪɳ׾˷ɡ

ڵģǾ˵ɡŲĿ⣬ϵơ

㵱˵ûҪǰǲܻڴǰġƮƮģҲЩȻģиֳɿڳʱ͢ģЦЦ

Ч̫󣬿빬ΪЯˡҫ鹣ҡֻΪѡ
ǰұ㲻ٰ㣬Ҳûµ塣

ƬѾˣֻؼȥߵģòҪĹ㡭

Ҳ㡣

ҰģʼնǸصһۼ˾ϲòˡǴͷβδ˼΢ԹԵֻϧ뾩ʼѾˡ

ɱ

ˣǰİҲãĲҲգ˵װס
£Ѱ̹ϵˡ

˼ֻ϶Ļͬ٣ϡ

Ȩۣ׹֮󣬳ڴˣŽһϽ١
ǻˡ
̬һ㣬ƿЩ˵İοեЩδ

ϲǵġ
ˣ겻ףҲ뷽跨أʺ֮λ

ֻǳǣҪĻ࣬ԼҪá
Ǵǰ̫Щˣ鰮Ҳкľһ졣

̰Ĳ㣬Ҫۡ
ŪȨˣҲʳ

ۼǺۣ΢˼׻񣬽£֡

㱼䣬ǻص˵ھ׸С
ʱȻԲѣղѣŽҪúñӻ˭֪תתֽز

ͬǣǲ½ˡ

йֲĻᣬԼδϧ

̫ҽϣңŴϻԲѵĻʺԼһ۵ͨĻʵۺʱһ亹

ԺڴԹͫһѪɫ
ЩԼжϣϾ˭Ҳ֪ʺУúõأôϢ̥أ

Σ˼ʵ

ԺĨ˰亹Сػ壬ݡ

ݡ˼˿Ѿ˴𰸣ȴǲ˾䣺Ǻӡ

Ժæ˸ͷҩңδܼʱΣˡܡ

˼ɫ֪ⲻǷʱԼģǲܽʺã޾ġ

ԺæӦſȥˡ

ΪĹҲ±ʥǨŭʰʱ˳ȥ
趣û˸ҽй¶ȥ

ϵڻ֮У˯òȣüͷ΢壬޳
˼ָ̧֣΢΢β

޵һƬžֻżеƻ

˽õҩʱ˼ûź򣬶ǽӹҩι

ڵҩ֭΢΢ζӳ𣬿Щʡ

˼𣬻ƻʱԼ˼ߴ͹ǰŸҩ̡
¯ʢҩȻҡ

ʱЩ͹ʹȻܲǵ˵׼ܽ¸£֮䲻ֵҡ

ֻǲûѡ˱ܶǱشҲ޷ֲ

ڤڤ֮
Ȼ֮ϣմȨ޿ءΪ






44.   44    ȵ۵·

44

˼ʼδ, ϼһֱҹ

Ƚȵȥ
͹ȴǱڷһһ, ˼ҶûʳϢû˼

Դļƣ־֪˳ǳ˴, ûԣֻȰҪ, ﻹЪ°ɡ

Ե, һֱݼҵĶ, ֿڻõķ, Щһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ҳִ֪, 򲻵ѣȥ˼ùͷ

, ҷĲ¡Ƚü΢壬ֹ

˼ԭѾϼ, ȴֱʺǱ߸ȥ˵֪, ˵׼ҪЦ
ֻһ, ܡ

֪Ĺ˼ɣָȰ, ڹеӻúܣһʱ
ٶ̥, ˼ãʥϽأ

⻰סѨȽЪ£ڴ, ɷȥߡ

˱ٵ֣˵ʥǲǽʺ󿴵ñأ

᣿Ҳѹæ˵ʥϿСһ÷֡ǻؾ֮ʥҲʱʱʹ͸⣬һݵ١

Ƚо˲ѹǿʯͷûŲ

ʵǰҲġ

ݼүʱðսλճСӣһ¡

Ƚ겢ֻ֪ģáѧҲãⴺȶ
ǽĴС㣬˼ʱһУر
˴˼кøУҲ֪ܳɡ

ݼҵ￴ͷֱǺ󣬱㿪ʼ࿴ס

˼ǸˣŽϿΪɳݼҡ

ȽĨһᣬ泤˼ֻͬλſס֪ãǧѡķûˣ鷳

꣬ǴŲŲ˶ȥֱдϢ˵Ļڣ֪Լʲô

ЩΤһֻ죬ݼ֪˼ϸˣ˭Ҳû뵽ôһա
𾪹󣬱㿪ʼȨףıؾˡ
ϾѾ죬ֶǶ˵ͣҪΪǲǡ

岮£ȽǣҪټ˼ˡΪ˻ֲ̿ͬʱҲڴ

Ծؾʼһɨյ⣬עԼòҲ黭Ȳռ

ؾ֮˼ȻݼҵľɶŴżҲϲĶǻž顣
ȴʼδٽһ

Ĳϲµǣţһʱϲһʱǡ

Ϧҹ磬͵˴Щ˼ȥԼһ

δ˼֮ǰ˲١
òδģȴٲƴǰǰºͣü۷ЩȨӺݻĿʱЩ

˼ǰΪֳðʧֽ¡

ڻǶӮˡ

£׵û˵ʲôϡЩּɵζĸȴʹļɵֻľѳۣͬ񣬶ֻ빬

ȽԭţԼ˼ʶôЩַܱ꣬ȡʺ̻Ů׵úܣռȻѡ
£˹Уȴʼò׼ˡ

һ˶ûЪá

˼ڴҹؿǲ԰׵ݣзȥЩ֡

ӵɿڳʶ֪ٵ׺񵭵ӡȨƣҲ̸ϸ󣬵ʲô
ֱ뾩Ȼֹ

ǰûصػʱ⾰ֻһ˼Ͷ֣ŽøһЩΪƸΪꡣ

룬ݼҼ£뾩֮󴦴Ķǡ
ƽǶʱգʵһʱ⡣

ǣǶʱΨһϵ

ǰ߸ϵǲʶ塣
֮Щǻؿ·ˣΪλʳǾ䣬ô

۴·ǡ

˼һֱʷǰףָ΢ػع

ЩѣҲѡ

΢΢Ǽѵۡ
ʹϮü˻ź֪⵽һԵ˼

ǵĿɨ˹ȥ˼ȴʶŲһֱߣǲӡ

ǣ˼ɳƣãȥֵĵȷȷҲԡ

ȴû˵꣬ԹԵҿˡأ

˼漴Եյ

źĹûţˣ˭Ҳҽţʼδж
ûҪιԼֽ̧ӹŲյСš

㲻ܵؿ˼ŶԲסңӦҵҪɡ

˼㶣ڷӦʶС
˵ڣʶԼ̬ȴһǿӲ漴Ż͵ԵҪ㾡ᣬ빬ҲӦʡ

ϵķӦܾ֮ǵҲûʲô仯ֻר־غŲˮ

Ĭ
ֻǲŲæ˼ȴ޼ƿʩÿһ̶尾

벵ǵ˼뿪

˼ɣԼɿ֣ͷҲص뿪ٻؾ
ûǵ֣ظڽϣǣһء

ۿ΢΢üΪǿ󣿡

ǰúõŻʺ˼ݼλ£ȽȻλã
˼ȴֲˡ
Ʋ¸빬Ƚܲˣš

Ŀ⣬·ֻԼò˻ϡ

ǴǰΪȽо飬Ը⿴أµؽŪ

¿˼ⷴӦס
ʵҲöϲȽֻδõԸΪЩˡ

Ͽ˼ʵǸˡ

Ҳ֪ǰص̫ˣ鰮ۣ㶼û

ǵ鲢ûʲô⣬ֻǴ˷̵ζĿϣȴЩԶ͸ڿʲô

Ŀע£˼

䴫Сѡ
Ϊ˺һۼٲʰҪ糯ʱڻӲͷƤ˿ڣ

ѵǽ˼ӡ֮нȳˣڵָ⣬ȺúЪϢ

գգۣ̾гһգȵ۵·

һ˵ûͷûβ˼ȴʱɫ

֪˼Լλף˵Щӭģڳʥʱ޵رһǰľߡ

⻰ԣˡ
˵⻰ĲǴʱǣˣȻ𷣡

˼ѹеĲãնᡣ

ǲû磬ֻЦ






45.   45    ֮䣬עС

45

̬ķչ, С

ԭĴǣϢȥ⺢ӣϾ˱˲, ʲôˡ
鰲׵Ѱʵʱ빬

˼Ͷͷֽ»빬, ҳĹ㵱ʺ񲻱·ҵǿ
ˣĻֶ, Ҳᱻ
ֻȾ͹ˡ

Ľ, νǽԴϲ

ôҲû뵽, ˼¸빬Ƚ, ͹, ¶

صڵϣָ·֮ʱ, ˼᲻Ϊ˲Ȼŭ, ҪϳͲ
Ų˼ҲԶ⡣

ʵ, ˼ǵû, ·𱻹Щ̬Ƚ֮ǰ֪˶١

ſպֺ, ˼ΪǰƽʱҪ١ѹ, ʼհҲˣûʲôء

ӱǲ˸, ֻǴǰȥˡ
ģñ˭á

ֽ˿У겻ѣΪ͹ǣչ黹ǿĵȰū֪ʥϴǰġ֮䣬ĿҲֻҪܸģ˴˼ĥϣǺõġ

˴󶼽ȰͲȰ֡ǰôȰԼҹĸҲܷܷĸ
ʱСƶǶҲ˵ʲô
ֱĸңףʱġ

ЩĥϣҲĥϲˣֻҵġ

ֻȰǺеᣬƽǵͷ⾳ܳһأ᳤á
¤֮顣
ѾŲ˼ٲԼѹϡ

һ⻰еĬƬ̺Ҳ˵Щ滰ֻ̾һֱôȥѵܳ𣿡

˼ŰպΣѡСͣչܹ˷еĵʼյòӦкľһա
ʱ͹ֵʲôô

ȻҲᡣѹѿڶӭεĿЦƮƮ֮䣬עʲôýġ

ֿ벻̬ȣ֪ԼȰʲôûã̾˿ױ졣

ǳĬ˻ֺ˵˿գѰɡ

ֲԣʱӦ

ҹǳƲŲ
ǵ밲ǲȥ칬̫˼٣ʵʵԴ
˼ʱʱţӻܹøЩ

ԭļƻңòȨףӳ顣

ǽ˼װף֪Σͷ׼Լ빬

Щռǿĺӣ²ϲˣԸڽңҲָˡ
˼ˡ
гһˡϲˣԸӽ乬Ҳߵȥ

պûҪ빬ĻֻĬĬشĵף¾ġ

ߣ뿪֮ǰ顣

ɱס֮ǰصضΪԼ𡭡
Ҳ֪λȨأ׺
ο˼лػ˼ʲôأ

Ƕչ黹ǾƽԶԣֻ룬ǽĲ

Ъ̫࣬ҽڵͷ´߶

ԭţ칬ȥ̫ȴй˵ˡ

ǰܷܷиǱûܷܷϲ֮࣬Щɻ
¶޿޵Цµʵúõģôˣ

ôЩʱգδȫָ֬ڣһҲ

ܷܷ´ǣɵʥϵ˼˴˻˵һعסϼգ˵ơ
߽ˣʵƽ㣬ǳʲôˣ

ܷܷڹ⣬Ϣ㣬ǰ֮һ֪ȴ˼飬Ҳִʱ̬ȡ
ܽһ̬ķ壬Ȼǽ˸ˡ

޷ǾЩ°ˣѵһ棬Щɨ˵ġǲû׼ܷܷʵ飬Ѱ˸ͷתƻͬҽЩڹΣ

ܷܷȻǣע⣬֮󣬽Լ빬¡

СѣЩȽڣȻùҪ֮佫Ҳͷ뾩ƽعϵõģǴһֵܡ
󶼲ͨīѣû˼ƽʲôż棬һһСá

ܷܷʱЩϰߣʱճˣҲܺá

빬֮ԪҲЩ
˵и̣ѧܰһ֮˼ȥǵ⡣

Ԫ࣬˵Ը⣬һԶȥʶ

Ħϵķ飬ר־ţ׵ⲻżðʧЩ֮¿ס߿ѧ١

ʵ˷ֿʱҲ㳤
˹˽С΢ĻûıӻܷܷľǺ˲٣ǾЩ磬׳

ǿúοԼľҲ׷ġгһ뿪ܷܷҲܹԼӡ

ܷܷڹù緹˵˻лɫڵʱ磬ûȥˡ

ܷܷû뵽Լȵʥ˵һСס

ô˵أֻܷĻȥǣûʲô£صġ̬ȼᶨúܣ˵ַ꣬Ըֵ׼κʧ

õ飬ⱭӰܷܷԼߵ̫ܵǣ

ܷܷţͥԺУǡԺ޽Ļ

ܷܷ˻漴һԵǡ
ƽʱͼ˼ȻҲܿмơ

ܿ£Լƽῴ

ֵô𣿡ǿܷܷ˼ЦЦɲſ͵ƾˡ

ҹ֮Ѱ˸գʹ˼ȴû뿪ѡ͹ź

Ŷһ࣬һ٣ǽż͸ʱ£ҲʱʱԼ

ȵܷܷߺϦ칬ȥЩˣֻ˵

ϵ鴮ᲦŪš
ϵľģе̴ζܽ˽

ֻƽûάϵ̫ãͨˡ

ԭƽ͵һ㣬֪˼ˣȴѹ

ǰѧʱ˼˵˽²
ʱһԡ񡱣ûӦԡ߳Ϊˣ󷢾ԴʱʱŹˡ

ѹû˵ˣǷܶ÷ܡ˼ƽϣϰȻҲָֻš

˼ĿǴϣɾŴ

ʶôЩ꣬˼֪ǲͽЩûص
ǰգͻȻôһ顣ֻרҳġ
˼ȥҲֻǸû˵ĺӡ

룬һʱӦҲЩڵġ
˶֣ǵ֪Լܴ̼Ż¡Щ£лڡ

飬˼֮࣬ЩڴԼܵȵ̬ġ

ϣ˼ĶɣῼǷΪ֮ǣȴʶػرһܡ
Ҳ˵徿ǳΣˡ

ôܷܷȥˣ˼Ѿӹ˿е֪˴£ɻƣ𣿡

ǳĬƤû̧

Щ˼Ѿϰ̬ȣ˵ϺЩܵõϧĴ𸴡

˷еӣʱ˾ѿżõĴ𸴣ȴŽղܡ
ûãҲϰΪ

˼˿ڲ裬ٴοڵҽţܷܷ䵣˸õͷչǲЩȸѰʵʱ

ءǺشĻĳͺܺˣԵġ

ǰ빬ʱֵ˼ǣܷܷ͹ź꣬Իʺµ޳ȥ
Ҫܷܷʱ뽫ҡ
˼ѹûµǵ

ǰû飬Ҳ롣






46.   46    ǡմʲôණ

46

˼ǰȷûǹܷܷ
Ȼ˵, ȢǺܷܷҲմ״ʡľޣܷŵϵ޼, Ϊô۵СѾͷ

ܷܷ˵ʱԴ˵޿޲ɣ֪Ƕƫ, ׼£ֱӻؾ

ǰǽܷܷͳ, ˼Ϣ, û, ûԵɡ
, ź֪عζ

, ȻȻܷܷ뾩ڼ۸, Լ߲ܷġǰЩʱһ̬ܷܷ뿪, Ѿʹᷳˡ
õԵʣе, »סߵˡ
Ȩȡ, Žͳ˹

ùȻЩ, ҲڵŷĲԾ

˼֪⹬˭Ҳȡò, ר˽ܷܷѰĽơ
˭֪ǵûʲôЧ˸ëˡ

ǰȷĲã¶ǵķ, Ҳֻˡ

ҲİţֻϣܸЩ˼̾

֮󣬼ûЦ
ǰ飬۽üǴЦ⣬·ٿӶѰЩȤȴʼһ䲻ģǶźõŮҲδչա

֪ҪʲôԸҲܽܣֻܷİԵġ

Ȼ⻰޶ԡ

ɫ룬õķ˰
ЩʱһֱûʲôθڣΪЩ壬ɺҲɻҽúóԷ

˼ϲĲɫӹȥ

ȴ飬ֱӽֱǵԶЩеĲ˸û͸װ׵

ҩĹۼʥϱɫŵľսȶЩˣȴּӲȥû

һԵ찵˿Ҳɵøп𡰷ˮת

ǰԼ￴ʥϵɫ˼ʥϵԵʣǽֵˣűߣֻ͹ء
µǵߵʥϿɫˡ

Եۺ󲻺ϡ빬ϢЩǽͷʱƣ͹˶ƴǰǰ㹧ˡ˭Ҳû뵽빬֮ʥȴ͹

˵ʱĵ΢תţʵͦġ

̫ҽѾΪҩġƷûϹ壬վǶʱܲġ

ԪԵʣǽ׷˯Ҳǰࡣ
ſҩڴ˸ǷԹԵҪϴޡ

ǣ˼ǻδţʶҪ

˭֪ϵļ㱻˦ˡ

ǾǺ޷ʲôƵģӦ˦ʱ෴ķŲһ󲽣ͣҲĵطؿ

ֹˣʶ˲䷽űĵطǡ
մʲôණһ

˵ǰУܹڡѾǶװ׵ˡ

ûĸܵķӦ
˼Ƥ£Ƶüڣǡйͨ

ϼǱߴϢ˵ɳ⣬岻ʡ

岻ʣֻ̫ҽȥֲͨҽü˾䣬Ƴ˼ɫһʶеĻ棬Цʥϲȥ𣿡

ϼϢݵģʵ֮ⲻھơ
˼ķӦǻҪЩԭߵĻֻӲ˻ȥ

ԵĴ뷽跨ֲΨǸˮաҲ֪ǶԴ˱ȻںǶܲľٶҲ˽͡

ףҲϸš

ѹûĻش𣬳ôһ󣬱㾶ֱԷȥˡ
Ѿں˼ȻҲںȽûǸ˼ȽĶǣʲô谮

Ҫ˵ĻЩŹõӲƫҪΪ˼

һˣֵİ

ڶҲûҹ˼ںδŮױ֮ǰһ칬ȥ밲

ǲ̫Ƿ֪ҹʲôֻ˼Ǹ˷粻ģҲûԵģֻػ塣

¶ЦĸǹңôЩ죬Ѿˡ

ˣǾ㰧¾ɡ

Ӧһִ塣
ʱδ˲£ֻ̫ŷġ

ϺڰԽԽ࣬˽֮ʣ̫ʵ빬⼸λɣɶˣΡ

룬һһ߻صǾʱģ龩д֪й϶㲻˵ˣ밲ɣģضǶׯģɡ
һӣԴǸεЦҲ˰ɡ

̫ؿһۣתԵ

ЩⲢѴǣҲ˵ʲô޷뿴ķӦˡ

һˣ̫΢΢ףЩڵвٳˡ

էһڿգǻл
գգۣЦ̵úá

֮ǰѾһ̫̬ȣ˼ǲʹ̸ȴ˳¾밲

ػ¼˼棬ܲһԴ֮֡ͨ漴ˣ檱㲻ˡ

ȥɡ̧̧̫֡

źӭ˳¾
΢΢ʺ򣬲ûʱƿĿ⣬˼ؿЩ˵ζ

ǵķӦֱ࣬ϥһǵò￴ôˣǹеķ˲θ𣿡

ǱʻˣôãʵЦһء
ǰǴЩӤʵգ̧ۿһԵĳ¾ЦƵ˵һǸϲĲɫ

󣬲

˵Уʱȥ˳̫ߡ¾ݵ߶߶˵˻ùߺƫȥ棬˵е

̫˻תʵ˵֪ۺ֮便ʲô

в˶֪ҹ͹£ʲô£ȴû˵
Ϣһͨİ칬֪顣

ҹȥԺ˼ĸڷϵúܣҲõҩû¶Ȼò̽Ҳ޴֡

¾˼̫û˷ſ顣ֻ֪ҹ֮˼һǰ䵭бʺȥ˵ʢҲΪ
ڹôЩ꣬ҲǼʶ㣬ûе׷ʲôŻˡ

Ҳ˵׼¾˶٣ָҶ˰ɡ

ôദ¾Ϥ˼ɱº󣬶ǵҲ˽⡣
֮ĹϵԽԽҡ
ʱʲôջۣгܲסϵһա

λʥϣȻмʵѧվС
ˣʱȴ˸ⷴɡ

¾û̫ãڰ칬󣬱㴩԰巵ȥ˼糯

ǰʱ¾ѾԼԤУڱؾ֮·ټҲ̸϶⡣
ƽͣסŲڡ

̫ˣҪҪͬףǲûͬȦӣżɽ






47.   47    ¼ҶһλʵȻʺ󡭡

47

Ѿδ԰, ۼŵдУžĺѹ֪ġ
ǰáҡ, ڴһʱա
չ黹˴ô⡣

Ѿ߹Ĵ·޿ɸģģǲҷ, صԼӦߵ·ϡ

ԲŻϱУϳ¾̸⡱

ԭǴ밲ʱ, ̫, ֻǴɱ¾ǵĵˡ
һ, ˳Ƹ⡣

ദôЩʱ, ̫˽Եͬʱ, Ҳ̫һ硣ȵۺҳ̫, Ǹ׵ˡ
һֱ̫ҲȰҪʶ塱
˼ͬԼľ, ֻҪѲٿࡣ

ɳ¾Ͳһˡ

¾ˣǸĶŵҹ, , ȴһͽ
ֻҪȡ㹻棬ʲô뾭ѵ鶼

ͺñȵѰ˼, ӵسڡ

ʱĶ, ǽѹȥǲɣ˼֮ǣ¼Ҷܵǣ

ˡ
˼ϴ֮λ, ϻλԭѾƵĳ¼ˮǴߣסڳеλá

ţ¾ˣľ󣬲ǡˡ

¾ĽŲϹһƽЦ⣬ʲôף

빬ƫͷȥ¾ûףֶⲹ˾䣬ٲֻ֡Ѿʡ

˴˻ûܵȻ֮
ɳ¾ȴѹûʲô仯ʲôϡƽ£ֻü𣺡ô뵽ң
ɻĵѵҸСҲ𣿡

ѹʲôףֻҪᣬܻ뷽跨æġ

Ҳ
Ͼǻܷܷ󣬲ܲݼĵλصؽ˸һٳġ

δʹطֻȼ棬ɽŵù

˵Ҳ꣬еԶǧ֮⣬ʱط꣬Ծɲʱģеˣǰȴô̵ĹĿȫǡ

Ҳ뽫ǣջ˼¾ο빬Ŀǳ¼ҵͷҪߣҲܸȽг¼֪𣿡

£ͲƲ¼ҡ
ǳ¾ǣߴţݣջأʼա

¾׵ðհæܵõʲô

̫ȥԼ𣿡Ƿʵ

˼ƽصݼңΪһҶ󡣵ȵΤһ죬ˡ
Ƕ£¾Ȼ᲻
ΪˣԲŲܶʲôȻʵ˳¼롰Ȩͷ

˼໥ƺ⣬ʵϣȴݡվһظ¼¡

Ҫ巵ȥΪһ׮磬

¾΢΢һЦ⻰ֻʵܰ쵽

ƵޣպȱĶǸϵķ飬ҪԼ
ΣҷˣӮܱ󡣡
㲻س棬ʱֻڱһѡͳˡ

ⷬȻã˼̬ȶˣ渵˵
·ѹطģɡ

¾֪һŮܶԽǸˡţЩ⡣

ĬƬ̺󣬳¾Ц㶯ֿɲΪ˳¼ңֻҪΪȥλˡ
ҪƲ

ҵĿʲôҪ𣿳¼ܴл͹ˣǱҲûţ治ɫο¼ҶһλʵȻʺܱȶһλϺǿ𣿡

ǡ¾̧ۿָֻǺαҪߣʺͷҲܹúܺá

˻Ƕʵ㲻ÿޣЩָڣڵˣҲŸҪߡ

ʳƣѰǹõģһСľͻû
ֻУܹʹ졣
ûʲô׳־Ҳ뵱ʲôˡֻ뾡鷳ԶԶ뿪

˸־¾е˼ûͼ˵ֻ̣˹ָˣǳ͵ˡ

ڳ¾ǰʱʼһƵģԶֱͦļ米ʱ˲亹
˴򽻵ðΪ֮ǶӮˡ

͹ѾķԸһõߣԼϡ

뾩ʼǾûЩټţؿ˺һ
ʱѾࡣ

Щ߲ϰ鷿ѧʲô黭ϾʱԵ㡢ʱ䡣

͹๣˼ʱѾߵָȥ鷿

չůģյ˻˯
ǻ¿ۻ˼Ѱխ£īĳֻһľڰ߷

̵۽ţͷԽԽͣ˷ڰ˯ˡ

չ͸񻨴ӳδʩϣʱ೤õʶ
¾ŵ

˼վſڣǰΣ㱼䵹ǻصƽǵӡ鱸⣬˸æţ̧۾ܼű˴ˡ

ƣ벻ͣظƽ١

֣ǰֹ˼Ϣһؿ˯еǡ

üüչ͸ǰƽᡣ
˼Ѿͺ۵ʱ򣬻һһͬЩʲôã

ٱǽְ룬ҪһкϸĻʺͺܺá

ֻеĻ룬˯֮ۿɢ

ظʱǻЩ£ûѣ֮ϡᡣ
ȵѹʱ

Ŀ˼ԣǱˮͷ£ӻϻʵ

ԹԵذŪϵߣ˼˸ûȤһԼϵС

ʢŵƵϡ
˼ȡ£֮ȴɵ

ζ㣬˼Ϥˣǵ˲˼רΪƵϣδⶵ۹㡱

˼˼֮꣬󣬲Ÿõ㡣
ǰǲȥһʱգֻǺþδµģҲδ

¼㣬˼·𶼿Щ漴عͷȥǡ

ЩѼġԼݹżطƵġƵϷӣа֣ɻָȴйصĳ㡭
Ļ⣬

ֻŴǰ˳֣ԲƵģǿ˼˵˾䣬еУҪ롣

˼ûϵͻȻ֣ûȣеڵϣ֮˳
ԭҲ·صˤ˵ϡ

Ƿȥûٶ࿴һۡ

˼Ĭվԭأ˺һضǵ۵зϣһռȥ

ֻʯש϶֮еķĩҲصġ

㣬ͬǶ鰮
ǰ˾ռʱ֪ϧ˵ϣôڣҲûƴջȥˡ

£ȥ֮˼δ

аһ㣬ƫִؿŷ϶֮ҳһۣ޳մ˳̫Եʣ޼˵ָ׾ѡ

ʮָģһʹ
ɷ϶еۣȴԽԽˡ






48.   48    ʥϲˣ

48

ǽ, ֱ̫밲
˼徻Ǿ׽Ҳû˷ӣΨɻȥ, ż¾塣

ڰ칬Сס̫ƣÿÿȥܼ, Ҳ

գǲ֪ΪͻȻ, ŷŷݡ漴Ѱ˸ɫֽ, ѡ

, һ԰ȥ

С, ²קû, ۵óһϸźĹŮȽݸȴûӦ, ŷݻͤС

ǲöϵĺʵŷ𣿡

ȻǺЦӦ, õĲˮݹȥ, СЩ, Ǻˡ

ͷЦҪҪԣ

⡭ԥһ˲ݰ, ˣԵòׯء

, ΪԼʶķӦеΡ
ǰ̵ֽĹأǿڹֱ񣬾ûȫȥ

¹˼֮, ǽ紵ҵ޷ЦǾ԰ɡ

ʱгǰǸ̰飬Լƹݣͬ˭ķݷɵøߡ
δ˾ϡ
ò׷ЩûסŤŤˮС

ŵ͵Ȼ޴棬ǿǱʪķݣɵۡ

ǵǸ˵úܣֽй˻ȥȡԵ

ǺЦͤкȲЪϢ
ʯϵĸɫ㣬ԥȳĿ飬ȴǸ˸߲ҵк磡

ɻѭȥ˸࣬ԼԵ˼

ϳ࣬ŷһλʥϣʱͷڨڨЦš
ȵ߽ˣʱɵǰȥһ

ǰ˼ڳ¼ұԺסû¾ȻϵҲǼʺһ䣬̸׽

϶ԣԸ̬ȼˡ

˼ЦʵôλϤ𣿡

أЦӯӯ̹ҷŷݣˣȸ˷ŵöҪأ

СĲֱֱܷ࣬˭ϲԼԼ档
ԲŻϲǡ
ڸŷ֮˸

ǶԴ˵Ǻ⡣СϵġǸմߵģֶúܣͨ

˵䣬Ѿȡ˷ݹǵ˾ǣʱŸٽԼ

ͤеʾ⣬ԶЩ

˼ͤԵλ¡һ԰׵Ϸų죬ѵԳЩЦʵ㷽ҲǷŷˣ

ͤźĹڣǴȥе䲻Ӧ

˼ֵϲ󾡿ʱ棬ؾࡣ

ǰ̬ȣ˵رˡ
ƳһۣѹԼĲ̵ͣʥϲˣ

ԭΪ˼ᱻʵóĬôҲû뵽˵ͷ˳Ƶˡ

ʵѹûʲôʵ壬ҲûʲôôΪԼΪ˵ġ

˼ؾȵִңҪǵϿɡ
ĬһԼ׳ɵĹأϣרֹ̲ȥָ˱ۣ˵ȻҰϲ̨档

ûʲô壬ǸĳģȴѰʲô洦

㲻ع˼ʲôֻӣʲôʲôɡ˼ǰˡ

µ̬ȣʵƵϼã̫κδ
̫Ѿ㹻

治ɫˣҲûʲôֻ˿ר־سţ̧ۿԶŷݵĸǡ

ôĹ򣬸ѾݷƮüߡѹܿصķݣúܣҲ֪ôġ

ȷ˺󣬸ָͬ˵Щʲô·ڴھ飬ϴЩЦ⡣

ƺؾ쵽Ŀ⣬ƫͷԣЦЩ

˼עһֱϣȻû֮ġ龳ʲôǲ׽ӰҲûĵزĵ
Ƕ䵭϶ԣЩʧ⡣

ǰ˵ҪΪѡ𣿡˼ᡣ

û˼ΪͻȻἰ£üûý˵áҲСˣԼǣ˹ʲô

ⷴӦէһǲͷ
˼ǳԼģǲͷܸ¡

ǰЩܷܷ빬ʱ̫ߵˡ

ѾȷĽޡ
ܷܷ븵඼ǽ֮ڵˣǣѾ޳ȥˡ

Ĳ࣬˸̣ǳõĥû취ȥ̣ͬôĥҲǡ

ţǰͨ˵ٵļλѾ巵Ⱥ˼ƽһҪͲˡ

֮վԴܵһ

Ҳ֪棬ԵԵɣ˼ûԼȥڴ˴

ȵ˼ԶǱߡ

漴վֱ壬ǲע˾䣺ǳʲô£

װɵ㶣ʲô

Ҫװɵಢû׺Ūȥü΢壬ܷܷջȥң˵㿴Ծ

ܷܷѧᱳ״ˣһͷôͬˡǱؾᣬ״ɵزƴڻ

ǣѵյؽһأɫ治Ըǵģ罫˵ˣиôùҴţĵز¡

˵⻰ʱЦ⣬͸ŹһԼڰѵĸо

˵ûûСɶϸĿȴ˵ˡ۽ޣżſСʯӣĥţԼзִ硣

ʲôû˵ȴ·͸˼ֱ˵ʵѵ㻹ǣҲɣ

ǱӶʵûƢεнգɳģúúϧŶԡ

ΪȨΪгһܻԼ뻤ˡĻʵ·ԹۣΪ˱ȫλǱĩã

Բϻѡ

ȨƣŵıУԼˣհǰ˺󣬱ĩã񲻳˱ȨƵĲݰŪĹߣ






49.   49    

49

ûƽǰƴ, ˵һʱ͸Щࡣһ˫üĿߣĪ

һֱ, Ƕǽ൱ԼҵܵܿġѾ߳Լ࣬˵ʱͷûŤתĹ
⧲ر˵һ, ֱסˡ

֪˽ʧˡ ɲ˵ôһ, , Ҳġ
ҡ

ؿŸ, ֻĵطǱһ, ʱɬ
ͬʱ, ĪЩġ

һͷ鰮֮Уȫĵ˼, ֻǺ֣ĥ

ʳ, 뽻ȿŵĸɿ
ŻȨ, ϳ¾

ҡǶ˶, ֪˵ʲôá

Ŀתؿڵӳ, ĿγǼֱӣ

˵, Ѿ
ƲȥɣɿҪæʱҲͬġ

ʱʳе, һѾ㡣
üչЦȴӦˣɲܳ

ƳһۣҲ֮ЦȻ

ﻹЦÿ߽֮ɷнµظпؼţ·ǰǰ㰮Цˡ

ǵȥϵϸԴεؽ͵ǽЩ࡭

û˵꣬ڵġ

ʶ̧ͷĬһ˲ݸġ

ڹʱգǵ˲١
չߵˣ̫ǱСסʮº󣬾ͱиӻȥҲָ˴ǰ״̬

˼˿Уû˵ʲôȴ̲ס룬ǵĺ֮ࡣ

ǵĺӣӦǴϲ
ǸӣԽ̵úӾԼʱĿѣǹһšš

֪ḲˮգС飬һһ룬ĥԼôȴơ

˼һΡ
μ֪µĶգŶëѩź棬ΪȥϵѩЦŮ¡
ѩɰŮһ߽šһ쿪˫˹Ҫ

ҪȥӣȴôŲ˽ŲǱסһѹãֻܿŮ׹䡭

Ȼʱ˼ֻ޹ġ
͸ʿԼ𣬻˻

ֵҹʱѹ֮дһɳƵķԸٶЩ㡣

̫͵Եʣϵλ˼û˯ȾҪ̫ҽԺİ˯
״̬ÿ£òӴķ

˼Ҳ֪ãѡҪڶһѵӣȥҪԵԼ鷳

϶ԣǵӾʶˡ
Ϥ˹ЭƽѲʲôѧ̫Ϊǵ밲徻
ϾʱͿ飬㡣

двѰŵĹżĳպôһ£ʱȥЩһ˼ԭŷ
һʱ벻ʹҲҪΪԺ׼

ϣеƽûάϵ̫á

ǰǸոսʱΪ˴̼ǣߥȥϼǼȽʱصԼε֪£ء

ջȽһúܣȻܻǺԼⱾͿȽΪ˻ͻֱ⡣

ʱ뻳̸

ŸϺع⡢ѼʯƬŹ¡żȻһأȤϾʱơ

ϼǱߵϢ˵ɽ԰ʧˮ

ͣͷ飬ɻôֳ
뵽˻ͻûϵֵôʵΣ

̫ҽѾȥˣ˵ڻ֮С

£ʺģȻӲ
ǲûʱȥؽƵ£ˡ𣿡

ȵͷ꣬Ը߰ɣǿȥ

ϴʱȣϼĪԵЩǽ˵У»һܣû˼

ڣϵõ£᲻巵ϢġҲ֪æбĿ˼û

ȥҵȽֻڻ֮С̫ҽ˵δվ

ɫص¹˵Լδտɡ

ǹеˣôʥϵ˼ɡǲû϶ѹֻʵأ

ºֱӻȽѾ߻ص

λˣɫ

빬ûʱʱţ㵱ɴǰǸΪĿˡ
ôԸҲΥʺ
¶ҧˣԼûȽһָͷˮȫȻȽԼ顣

ʵı£úõģҼԼ忪Ц

⻰˵õҲûݺҲûðա

ٿĪ磬Ǻˡ

ԵģѹܣֻὫ鷳˼
²ͬ
ԣˡ

ѹô˵Ƕ˶٣ڴ֮ǰȥù򾭰ɡֻΪˡ

ɫͱˣ·ʲôܴ衣
СţǷʲôҲѹȴҪΪ׮Լûȥã

ʱҪȴק½ǣ

빬ĳ֣ƽصǲտġ
ڵ֪ˮ֮º֪ܲˣǴʱٶײʺֻὫֵʰ

ⱻ뿪ϼԷ߷߲ƽû

ūֵ֪ҲˣҪϡòʲô֤޿ɱ粵ֻ

۶ˡ
Сֻѹ˵ʱ򣬺ܹί

күڣʥϲģʺҲΡְͣȴ¹ˡ

ˣҲ벻ʲôõķӣֻӦˡ

еķǰλзĻʵ޽ģȵͺẉ̂˼ЩмһˣҲδͻķˡ
ԺӲݴиҳ
Ǻסڱǣƫͷȥ

ʲôƵطû

Ҳû뵽ûưˣֻƲţԸǾһ

ԭŷܣɷδʰ׵͹˷ˡ
û˷ӣĥߴ˻鲻Ըڷǰ¡

ǰ¹˹Ϲ¯֮Ҳȼ㡣

𣬼嵭̴ڵӿĸ꣬û˰дŲͷ

ʱǰƽɫѳװ
˻ûסʵʺҪʲôʱ򣿡

¯㣬ʺ˵ΪȻҪȵѹ˵

ŵһֱѣѲɻҪñҹɣ

ֲ󣬻˴š

Ĺͱ˳ȥյĵֻʣһˣĪЩĻ

û˼ӺҲٹ˳ϣϥš

ӳŷϰûڰԭׯϲķ񣬴ʱԵЩɲ
ңҹ͸ӵķ϶ëȻ

ӯ̴㣬ԭ嵭ζŨ

ܾζ̴㣬Щ΢Ĳͬȴ˵ﲻ

ϥǱøЩЩԺ̧ۿȥȴԭķ񣬾֪ʱ

ɤǱסҪУȴ졣
ٿַԾǷ񣬷·𷽲ŵһжǴ

𱻷紵ŵһ飬ֻȥֻ⾹ƾðĹ𣬵ǵ˷س
Ũص̴֮£ƺЩ֮

Ʈİһ漴·޵

ýڹƧ֮У˵ȿǾŵĺҲѹС

ɡͲס̫󣬻ʱѾʪ͸°ֹסµˮ
Ƭ̼䣬Ѿʪ˵̺

Ǵ˼£īɢ󣬵ƻӳ£ϺõĳС

͸ڵĴµͷҲصʣΣ

»õܺãЩСֶҲܺáŵ־壬֪ģѾʵˡ






50.   50    ʥϲҪˣ

50

, Ϊòס
֪˼ᡰԴΪءԳųƾõĻ, ˳¾

¾ĻشǲûţʶôһװŪ̽

ûʲôĴС, ᶨǾסŵġ

Ƿ˲ٹ, ζ»õ, ˷ǰȼŵ̴֮С
ټϻż, ѼʯƬʱ, żȻ֪װŪֶ, û̫ۣʹʳ˵顣

¾Է, ˵㲻ƭ

, żȻ֪Ҫóǰ¥ʱ, 㵱̸ˡ
֪ĶԹ, Ϸԣô˻ᱨ

ʱ

챻ô, ЩûûܱסѹԴáƫƫǽڱԺ, ִʹνǡˮ©ѹûܽѰűʱ

ЩаԵˣر, һֱǺš

µóǰȻҪȥŮ㣬漴ö⣬ҹȥŴ̿͡

⾪֮£˵õģֱιȥ
ɱǣԤı˳Ϊ֮Ͳö֪ˡ

¶ɫЦⲢҪҲ⡣Ѿúܺˡ
˵ַ꣬ԸȥɾѣЪϢɡҽ˱˽ԺЩ

£漴ۡ
ǳƶԵʣǸϸģʺ֮λҲδ˱ưߵʹǺͷϸꡣ

ЩڹУ̬˵ǣµ̫඼һǿ׳ļơ
˵»ʺ˿񣬵浽ź򣬲֪Ǻģ

ԭزЩɻ󣺡ôˣ

һԥҲЩЪϢɡ
ʵĻ˵ģǹʹ˵˿ڡ

С뿪ţҹЯЩˮ£˽ѾʪһƬֻǰԵ飬û⵽

Ѻ޿޲ɵصӦ֪ˡ

˳ȥСǷӣ£ǰȥˡ

ڶղۣ͵Խ˲ѵϢ

ˣеĺûסֻص

ʱ
ǷŭίؿʱҲ»᲻ȽݺǼͷ

Ƚô⣬ӦҲûÿЦ

Ǿô£

ĥţֵҹ꣬ڷùʱ񳿱ʱŸȶԲѣѾͻȥ̫ҽˡ

һϢؾͽҹ֮ڹȥ
·ڻʹ֮Ѱ
ǰǰֺʱʱô뵽гһգֵԼ

ǵͷϴЩ࣬칬ȥ

֪ԼЩֶùˣӲ̫ķۡ
Թȥ밲ʱЩ

̫ûҪͬƽϵ˼

ɻ̥֮£̫⣬ûϧ
Ͼ⺢¼Ұ˸Ӵţ¼ҡ

Ƚ̫ؿһָۣ㿴Űɡ

û뵽ôɻأϲ̲֮࣬סǳ¾˵Щʲô̫ܽһ̬

Ź֮꣬¾Ȼǳ¼ʵϵȨˣ̫󣬴ʱҲ˼
Ҳǵϳ¾Եɡ

Եɣ̫ǻȥˣҪԵı˼

˼䲻֮ܺ£ֻҪ飬Ѱ˿׷ֽš

ţ˼֪ʵ飬ӦҲ˵ʲô

ΪΣҲţϲԼҡ
һʼ˼ԼңֻΪƽƴһʱԲҲҪļǣƳ¼ң

ϣ糯ûã˼͹

󹬷£λɻԣûܱסáΪʺҲѲ˸ϵ˵Ҳñϡ

˼ûʹκԼѺ󣬽ꡣ

ֻôһ䣬׾ٵؽҹ£ǹ׶ۡ

˼Լδ΢ɲ˿

ˣѾϢȥ룬˼ƽʱӦѾ֪¡
˵׼ף޲ɱ

δƽ˴ܽĶӣЩԼҺаԵʲôöأ

˼Ŀϣֹ

Ƕһ̣Ȼ֪ˡ

û˵ʲô˼˼׵ǡ

ǲٿר־Ų衣

ѹôһΪˡ˼˶٣嵱£
Ǽ֪ԣȴݲݽҹȥ¡

ûش𣬵ҲûϣĬ

һҼžУ˼ԹԵؿڣһϷ

ûɱ㡣˼ѵؿڵգԭǴѰԪȥ˭Ҳ뵽һʹȥϷء
ףҪðĳ𡣡
мһ㣬̿ѹ֪õݣŻˡ

ɻؿ

ǲȥµģֻг¾һˣСʼҵİߡ˼͵֮Ҳôƽط죬Ϊײ
Լҵ⺦㣬ҲӲ

ⷬҲñǼ٣ҲںֻŪЦʱգ㾹𣿡

ҺԼңΪɱңɱá

˼Уñ΢ݽ棬ֵһᣬǿȴˡ

ǲǿ˼ͬܣҲָʲôںĳԼ

ɱ죬ܽ𣿡˼ʵ

ǳĬƬ̣ЦЦɡ

ⷴӦ˼֪ǡܡ֮ǰģɱһܽġ
òˣǾ㡣

ü΢ʥϲҪˣ

ɱ죬൱ںƽ˺ֻһϵԼҲС
ǣ㣬˽ǣԭİźͲ֣Ҳ˱һҡ

˼᲻ЩʻȴֻһЦ֮






51.   51    

51

ǰ, ǾҵҵѧʱϰЩȤֻʱδԹ䣬вûڴ˼ܺ
ʲô, ֻҪЩͷҲá

ɴûС

˼ʱ֡ñʲôأǰʱǷæľ֮, żҲҪϿķӣΨǸº͵ķ

ֻܰ԰οԼ, ûʲô
˼, µؽʺ֮λ, Ȼõְ, Ҫ

, ˼ڳ޸ţԼٽΪѡ

Ѵ
ֻҪ, ˼ѹġ

ֱĻ䣬ֱִն֮ǣ, ˺н̫ƽ˼𽵹, ƽ, ЩԵġ

ڴǰ֪˼ҪΪԼ, ˵ζЦҪȰ, ˡ

£ȴֻЦ
ΪǰԼҲΪ˼

ûϸ˼ôģǳҲ, кҲգֻҪܽΪñ𣬱㹻ˡ
˽£¾빬ٲκǣ

˼ԡݶ˵鳾䶨

Ƚѹ󣬾Ҳûϼ˵ģԴ⣬ҹõŵѹѾ㱣˺üյİŽ
꣬ôʣҲֻС

λɱͲǰµ飬һ£

ԭͲֵĻʹָ˳š

оǲ׵̶żȥʯӣЩ˶þͻָ糣
ʲôû

ʢĵȣֽ˻˯鷿СŴ⴫ķҡ

űƿᣬûκ졣

̧ۿȥȻŵƹ硣

û뵽ţĿ󣬾ȵصɴۣ漴ͷʰѾķԸ鰲ȥˡ

áǲԼСۣȱȱӦָʢŹϹİ״̣ЩǱˮģȥɣȨ

ϸָȥ¡
͹˲֪Ϊ壬ǿȣҲ̫Ķ

ֺδḶ́ӦصΪ׼ġ

̫£ϵͱʪǱɹƵģĪЩ׵ļۡ
£ȴ㶼ˡ

лл󣬲ûʱ˹Ϲ뿪ʵδЪãߵĲ𣿡

һͷʱȥճһֲļơ

ˣǰ˰üģҡͷЦԼĲԵʣЩϵ󡣡

˸ɫɴ»䣬¶źڰСǱһ㣬ЩҵŲߡ

Ǳ˻ۣ˯š
ʱڣҲûˣʵѧ𣿡

ѧδѾ롣

ЩദǶ֪Щ顣δʣܰȻسɣػλһ˲šĲĹӡ
ֻϧ컯Ūˣ䵽㾳ء

ѵõǣûһ겻Թˣʼйڡ·ߵҰݣ±һŲȵֻҪϵڣܽ
ûҰĲҲӹӹµµ

޷ĵ٣ɡ

ԥ£ֺۣûƴǡ
ƹ磬ŷ֣ԭһֱ֮߸ٲ֪ʱȡˣ˶ذڰϡ

ԭ⣬öˣ۹Ҳòһ֪˳ǰµĹ١

ָҲö졣

Ѿжδ٣ʱ裬϶ûñ㽥֣ƽ֧ͣ

Ĳǹڲ֪˯˹ȥ

Ž͹˼޵м⡣һʵûʲô츳ŮѧãܵҲô
רѰĽβ٣Ҳûʲô档

˼ҪͨĹˣѭ鷿ȥƿţŷ︧ٵľǸ̡

Ȼֹʱ밲ͷ

˼֪˸񡱵̣Ϊҳ𣬷̼ڸ³¼ľˣֻն
ûϸֻҪʩĸ

ֱոգ˼ڿ廳ģ⵽ˣһʱӿͷ˵

㡭˼˶٣Щѵؼ̧ͷ

֪鲻ʱѡֻ¡̧ͷɵʹر˼ߡ

˼ĿеȴңţЩʧء

ǣΪҪòµԣʱ˽̸ѹȥӽٲҪ͹۲Ĳ
ڻǰˡ

˼Լǲܲ˵طߵˣֻá

֮Ĺϵپκβۡ

˭׼ٵģ˼ʵ

ִͷ͵ߵĲ룬ߣŷԸūŸ١

˼һתͷԼŸˣһģ˯֮С
侲֪ⲻٸʵ׷ʱʶЩȥ

񹧹˳ȥֻʣˣһƬ֮УԵøͻ

˼ָϣȴʼûж
ɣǰƽʱżҲᵯٸһֻ֧һ뵽Ųڡ

˼ȥ룬Ǿǻ˼һߣ
ô룬Ĵ𰸶ں

䴫Щ춯Ƿ˸ǿҪѹ
˼ԥƬ̣ңĵһ֧ĵӣ˰¡

˯û䷢һֱ󷽲תѡۣʶеԾδͣ͸۴ͷڵʱˡҲ֪͵𣿡

ЩεЦ⣬ѵԵʣЩƣȴ͡
˼һ
Ѿδ˵ˡ

֪ӺʱǰʱЦԽԽ٣Գ˺󣬾͸ǲٴɫЦⶼǷ

ֱʱ˼ͻȻʶԭ˽ﻹǻͬǰһᡣ
ֻǲǰ¶ˡ

һ֪ǽ̣ԭѹµҲðͷ

ۣûһͲͣºû˶žЩ
Ьɻƹ磬

˼ؿɫ

˳ĬŶ˻ȻعתҪȥ˼ˣʵ̣Ǻ⣿

Ǻ΢ԭͲãʻȥ⻰Ǻ⣿˵Щ

˼˵ڡ
ƽĶۣҲΪǻᵱ濴ϸֻ̣һʱûܰסеᣬŻǾʡ

㲻ɹǲڴϼŭ˼º˻Ŵǵ䡣
ţ͹ֻ㰲ŵˣԽˡ

˼ҭƿԣͽͷֱ֪Ҳ˼

ĸֻǲܽܣ






52.   52    ڲϲˣҲͷ

52

, ˼Ὣô̷
ֻƿ鷿źŵһĻĪǰƽǵӣʱħ

ʱʱ䶼, Ϊƾ׼ûʲô¡ǵ֪֮лصڳ̸һ׮, Ѫ׬һǮ˼ܺٻ

Ų, ǽ, ԼЩ, ȴôûӦ

üЦ, Լ, ѿȰң絯Ӹ

, ּϣ㽫, Ͼʱᵯ

ǲͨҲ÷, ֡, ž˯ȥˡ
ֻͣ, ˸ϣ˯Щ

뾩, ˼ΪͷöûǸйҲ֪ʶȤûʹ˸ˡ

Ŷ, ģԼмµΪ˯еǸ٣˼һЩ

˼һֱϲʵǴǰǸĭġֻ͢뾩𣬾˴ǰԼнԶ޻ͷĿܡ

ȴƾðô̡

ʱʱߣΪƣ˶
񲻱͢

һ֪ʹ˼û취ƽľؿ¡

ҲƢΪַʽܽܵ

ǾֻҲϲµظ˿Ṇ̀һ㼫Ϊʡ

ʱʱţϸ̡

˼뿪ʱ˽˹ǰ֡

˼ײԼڸ֮һһʮؽˣźۼشǵķӦ

⡭ǴһŴ²ֹۡȻһʱ˻ȥ׼˼ʱʲôĪĴ̼㲻ˡ
һԥʵ빬𣿡

ûʹ뿪⻰˿

ǺȺ컨ʱ͹ʹӣȴΨڷСֻĪĻУ˼ѵǷ󣬱Լ׹
ʥϵļ£˻ʺۡ

˺ôãͬʱҲǻ̲ס룬û᲻ʥϣֻߣǲΪ˱ʥϣ

ֱȫȫΪ㣬Ҫ뿪ԭǵʱɢŵʯͷҲ˵ء

ǲ֪еĸ뷨ǵûо⣬¶ĪЦϡЩζֻһͷˮ

ûͬ㿪ЦؿŻݣͣ˻żǸˣЩҲ˵ӦҲͲµˡ
֮ºڹвȫʲô⣬δܻ㡣

˼ͲʲôŮ̬ȱסάϵãŭֻҪ
ˣǲŽ˸ߡ

ɻûŪֿǲĿģҡҡͷؾˡ

Ҫҡƽڴʱ뿪Щ£Ľȥ𣿡

㲻ģҲԵķӡʵû뵽㿼Цõ¼ȨİΣҪЩ

Ĭһ˲εЦ
ǶԼ˽飬һˣ²Ҳһˡ

ôЩĿѾ㹻䱦ˡ

ȽԼңΪλùñ˳ҲҪߵ𣿡ʱ빬ǡ
ԾɲģֵģԼзִ硣

ǲ֪񾿾ʲôգⲻȰۿ˻Ǹ⣬ʱ֪ҡ

áЦӦ

һգɢһֱӰ첻ȥȣԾδͣš

˼˿ܻᵽ͹ֲʲôɫҲɲգѾϰߡ

ǿܴµΣѵڣԼҪһˡ

ʲô˲õĴ£˼ʱˡ
ȵ׹ֻչ䣬Ҫ빬˿

ҪȥĻ˰ɣⷢʲô⡣˼ɫ

Ѱ˸ûʵɣ˴˶ף˼ô˻뿪һȥذˡ
Цأ

˼֪Լ˼ƣĬһ˲εؽ͵ԵҶ㣬ΨǾܵġ

𣿡Ƿ˾䣬漴ˣǾͷʥԺҪҹиˡ
ôЩո߳ˣ浽𽵹̬

˼齩

ҲҪϲ㣬ѰһԳЦ󻰷һתڲϲˣҲͷˡ

ϲһ˵ʱǺõģϲһʱôģҲ

˼ǰܹǰߣδϧµȻҲֻܼ̤

ǵĮӣӱ˻

Լϣᵽжĥ

ϵֲԾսҸָʺѪʱӿ˳Ƕߵӣϡ
˼ȴδЩִٵȲϲǾͲˡ

ǱѪɫۣ漴ŲĿ⣬ȥ

ŵܹ̫˼ѪʱŵˣæؽйŮȡˮҩҪȥ̫ҽ

˼̧ۣɫ뵡ء

벻⣬ܹȴðգȰ̫ҽɣһ˽ǡ

˼ŷǵķӦĵ͵޸ܵġ

ܹܲٶԣ̾˿

سûǰǰװУ˻⣬ϻ
ݻ˵аС

̬һղ˼ϡ򲻻ڡɰȴһ㡣

˼ݵλƴȨӲӲƲС˵¾ȻӦΪһ·ǲûϣϣԼҲʱš

ͣ£ݳ˽̤Ѿˡ

൱뾩۹ͣ˼ھ޷أԺ䡣
ʱھӪһֱܷܷסЩ̻

ǻͷعŷͽȥͨûãܷܷ㲽ӭ˳
֮һģԪ

ԪѾδǵ֣ѵóһأȥң

һЦĵ˳·ܷܷȥ߶š

⻹ࡣԪȥĿⴥʱɵ£漴µЦسô˺Щˣ

ܷܷǱˣԸŷ⼸λ˵ȥúд

캬Цл¶ԥ

ƳһֻۣܷȥΪѵġ






53.   53    Ҫѣ򡭡

53

ȥд, Ԫǵ֣ܷܷһԺȥ

תȣԪͱɫҿ, ôģ

Цˣûȥɡ

˵⻰ʱһĵģ, ڿЦԪϤû׺Ūȥ

ǲǡλ˺ˣԪָָʹķλ, ѹʡ

ǿ, Ŀھȡ
Ϊƽ׵, ѹδܷܷͬԼڹе, ֪Ԫβµġ

Ԫ, ̾˿͵λ, ãȴҪôߡнҲ⡣

ڵ֪빬Ϣ, Ԫ˼ԼԤ, ˼ǳҪһ, òˡ
һΣ֪ԼԤа˳ɳ档

΢΢, Цǰ˵ĻҲмֵ

˼, Ԫص˷ݺ񣬵Ϊˡ˼ȴ̸϶⡣
ƶǾ, ˼˼ĸǰ

Ԫ٩˵ϾúܣôڸϾĸԸⱾ⡱ˣ

ʱһͷ˽ȥŸ֮²ֱѪ޹飬ų

ЩˡЩ£ôģҲûкý

Ԫüǵʲô㣿

ǿ⣬ЦֱڷſڵسͬǺúüһ棬ȻǾûʲôˡ

Ԫܷܷ⻰뵣ǡ

֮޿أ⹬ûʲôֵþģȥΪ˸յ裬гһգ˳»ʺġѶΪѹ
ȵʱ˾ǣߺңȥˡ

ͷһͬԼĴ㣬ܷܷ˵ԪȷӦ

ҪҰæ𣿡Ԫе

ܷܷҲ֮ӦʱҲԡ

ԼὫ鰲׵ǲزУֻܹԼӾСȹЩ꣬ǻٻʱ򡣡
ԵûˣΪ޵Ҳ޼ͬԪܷܷ׵ûʲôǣҵˡ

ܷܷ۶ˣԪȴšü

֪Ὣ㺦ز˵ʲôҲҪ¡
Ԫ䲻֮便ʲôܽƢԵ˱ƵزȻȫ˼Ĵ

ǶԴһЦ֮ԪֱƤȿڲΪֵá

Ԫɸ˵ˣյ˾䣺˵û˲ֵá

ǽԼĴ㣬ܷܷʵǰи£ˣ

԰̸˸һ£æЩΪĻ¡

һУ󹬣ܷܷͳ˵ϢԴҲ˽⡣
Ѿò룬˵úľˡܷܷ˿ڲ裬οѰ˸Ըͷ֤ˡ

ʱòֻɱ˰֮Ǳ̽Ϣռ鱨
ɵúƯνǸи֡
ǵ£ƵǡɱţûѶ󹦷򣬱Ϣؽ췭˸׳죬һ

˵Ҳɣ̸ţྐྵǡô߻

Щ⣬Ҳһ漴ЦҿͣǹеģǲôԹˣ

ڹ̫ãų䡣
ͬԪǽ䣬Ÿ鷿ȥԼ֮¡

ܿٻ˼ҶὫ鷿ڵԡŵڡ
϶ԣ鷿Եø䡣
ûʲôڼ裬ҲֻһˣЩۣûٷ

һЦ

˷εʱڼУҲûʰЦˡ

ֻʱ¡ЦдЩζԼǸȴƫƫЩʷӼ㱻ﱳ飬ʱͻ˯ҪվҼŲʱûٵǣ㽫ѧ

һתôЩȥȴ飬ԵûʲôȤûѧѽҵ飬ҲĿˡ

֮ʱЩɹľȾźЦпţӰȡԼõ֤ݣĿ

߳УЩƽͬ졢ơƽ֤ἰ£Ӣüͷʶԭº͵ĿԵЩ˵ҴɹԼģ֮١

ƽˣе͵ϻͷ߻ʹ档
ȵʱΤҵĹϵҲͬۡΤȵÿ£쵽򲻶ԣΤҵһϵơ˼سƺתͷΤҳ׸ˡ

ôЩ꣬Ǹǽͷݣ˳Ӧʱƣоȡ档

·Ϲۡ
˵ɹ÷ˮ𣬷Щġԩģ˱ûĳ

Щ꽫ĥóȲ٣˳ԼʱȴûܰסеĲƽ

ǰ¾Ȳ裬̲סʣȵۻʱ¾ͲˡɽΪ˼ң

¾ЦЦȻڽ϶ԣǹ˺
ϣλ߲ͷţϡ

ȵˣ˼ˡ

񷭿֤üԽԽʶҧԼĴ̫ԵʣѪɫȥˡ

ǰ˵Ӽ߰ߣЩϵĹﲻ֪
ȵۿЩԾɾŲ˼顣
|ŮǿռŮŶԷӡϸ棬ǹĵݺǹ֪ϢҲˡ
м·Ѫ

ɫԽԽѿ촽ЩҪҧѪæǰ˻ΣǾΪһ

º֣أ˸ⰲģԾЩ

̧ۿĿԣ׵á

׸ǰһģҲơԩġҪ¸ϡģһٷܵ״顣
ܸ֮ӣͷҲء
˵Ϊǣζղ

峿۲ųԹ緹زƴڻԩ𡣳ſֻһȹĹǹġ

񻣬һ̧ͷ˲ŷϾֳ˰̣Ťĳ棬ذ׵Եøɲ

Ϊ׵ĵĹٲ˶ʵʲô֣Ҫ״ˣ

Ůڵ΢΢ĿɫɨȻȻŮ˪Ҫƽӣ졣

ٲɲطȷϣﻰЩŵζҪ鷳ˣ˪ȴҧҪ棬ûõ˼
޼ƿʩֻȥ˴ˡ

׸Ǹ鷳Ĳ£˵ǹܾжϰµĹٻ˼ûģһ漰ηηţŶһ²һ¡

֪Ҫ״ƽӣôŲȥ˳Ĭ˺һԸȽѹйѺʡ

״ӡ
ķţҲ֪λûٸϲ̨£˵ȥѹס顣
ɾ֤ȷ䣬ҲﲻƽʱûճһʼͲҪ״顣

ٲ׼շԸȥ죬ȴһۼҴҵؽ˵ǸСá

ո¶ͷû̫ãǽϽϵֵʥأǲҵææӭ˳ȥ
ԭΪصعʲôҪ£ȴһţͼǰŮӽ̸

ǡɵ

࿴µЦλ˪Ǿʶҡ

⻰һû취ǰĴ㣬˸ѹСЩԾһʱЩò⡣

ֵؽִڹ˼ϣߣǸϣһذɡ

Ĩ˰Ѻȴ޼ƿʩֻӲͷƤ¡

Ҳ֪龿й¶ģ׸δ꣬ľ¥б㴫ˡ
˵һŮҧʮ״ƽӡ

һʯǧˡ

ϲּŹӺŲ裬׷ԼĶС
ٵ¼÷·ȷ绹졣
εĹѾߣڲ¥ǽʫһףˡ˪ôŮͦ
Χ˾׸ҪΡ

˼̴ӿе֪Ϣʱͬ¾¡

Ҫѣ
˼׹Ϊǵؾ飬ִҪԼ

¾ڸԼ֮ʱԼµǵĴ㣬ʱ¶Щȵɫ

Ǿȥɡ˼ضյ¾ƽ£̫ˡ
ϱҸƵļ˿δȬżǣԾɻۡ

¾źۼؿۣӦ£÷֮¡






54.   54    ɱ˳Ӧ

54

𵶵Աһ, Ҫ£ľлعζʶ˳ɲʲôɺ, ׼

ôҲ벻ףúõģλʲôҪͬƽȥ
ȥҲ, ƫҪ֡

ıߣǸһ׸ܵġΪѵóһ㺹, ʱ, ֻŸ˼

״顢ʹȥ, оѾ˶ۡ
Ƭ, ŸصĿ, ֻðŰ참̣ӲͷƤȥ, öʡ

ǴûΪѵĲ£սս, Ҳȷû⴫ѹû¶, ֱӽŷ˸ˡ

, ˭Ҳǿдֻ޹

֪ô, Ϊѵؿࣺ㿴⡭

Ӿɷ, ǽ˿ۡô˵Ͽֺɫ糯һ࣬ʥƽ, νӵġ

û뵽ôһ

󳹵׹ҪƽĶֵ̣ýɽ˦ȥǾ͸ˡ

ȴֵܹҪʵʥǰȥģ˿Ҫⱻʧְ

ʱͷ

׸ȥӣȴûܽ˸£ִܿ
˵ƽմ֪νġӷͬ˵ģ浽޷޲ƽ

ǰûٳ˵£й¶ŵúܡֻݵλѰվвҲֻ˽±Թ䡣

ƲǡѰ˷й󣬾ϸɺӺҡ

ƽ˱

С˵ĻƽؾЩԾʶزǰһܹȥ

ǸԸµģҪ״氢죬Ҳ뷽跨ѹ£ǲ֪һ飬ֱˡƽΣò
ο´̫Щб

С˳ɵ˼ҪǺã

˵첡ˡƽԸ׸ȥһˣ˵򲡲ŲȺת֮ضԹȥ
ٱ󣬴ǰˡ

ͷյ񣬳ϻ̳Ͽ֣ﱻ˾ôһ٣ҲóȻŵʲôֻ״˿ý׼

ڶգѴ÷з
糯֮ϣҪ࣬Ѿʷ˴¡

ƽ׼õ˵ǰŪʷţ뿴˸λ˼

䱻Ⱥ鼤ܣ뱣ҲѰ죬ο˼ѹû׼µñ

˾˰˼ƮƮ̫ҽȥ콫⼱κãⵢ¡

Ҷ֪⣬һϣ֪ʥû׼ƫ̻ԼңλĹԱҲ

ƽɫ࣬û˵
һϵûô׻ȥôҲû뵽ֵ˾ĵز

Щʶöˣƽ֪ʱҪĵѾֻİΣǻ᲻Ὣǣȥ

Ҫˡ

ⳡ󰸣һֱʢĩų䶨ǣ˲֪

ԼһűӣŶԽԽ࣬Թ˲Ͼֻ׳ʿ
һЩƲƵϣһе

о֮ƵƵ۴£նѾû˹˼ɣԼҵλҡҡ׹ǽ塣

ǵ˼нˮҪʲôѾԷԼùѪͷ

񽫳ļʵǣпһأԵضΪ䣬١ٲȵʱΪˡ

ȵλ꣬һͿ
˼ȨΤȺ֮ȴֳƺ¼ҵ࿼ǣƽһ

ǲʲôȨҲ˼Ŀ

˼Ϊʱ׷ʹҪΪֵ˼ȴûҪͬ˼ֻ赭дػ˾䡰㲻ٲ϶˵

˼ļʶǻˣԼﲻæʱգΪѹҲͼȥ뷨

ЩģʶǳģαزУǵһȣ
ֻҪҪ㹻ˡ

˾ʾ˼˼նʾڡ

ϢνǴģһǱ׷ֳƿ졣

ȴûиܷܷ̽ʱ࣬ڵ

˵ƽԹ˲ϾϾĵӣ򲻵ѣܲնסܷܷ͵˵ûʲôƾݣܾţԼҿܻ뷽跨ֽš
ԷһٷЩ񣬰ҶЩɡ

ܷܷ£󣬱ʱ⻰תࡣ

뵽һȥˡӦЦģѾаߣʲôԣἰʱ֪ҡ

ˣЩ˲

Ҳ֪⻹⣬ǰգиֵŰʱߵһ
Ϣʱ
ԥƬ̣ҹţδϵѺԶԶؼ˻⡭

ڶһ磬ţͨ˵λ

ǰȽ֮£ڽ֮У֪֮١ֱǰã֪Լֳն׵Ϣ˹ȥ
̫ҽҲûΪѣˬز˸̫ҽȥ
û⣬ڹкúþ˼

ûϵ⾹£ȥһˡ

Щʱδ⿴ǻ˸ˣࡢɫ԰ײ٣Ҫǣûյɡ
߹ļˣ㣬ֵ֪г£ⱸܴǱ˾һԭѹȺòҲˡ

Ǻٹ񣬽ħʵҹڷãĹԲԣ

ʱŵʧǣòŽ֮Щġڵֳ֪ºϵҹԼʹĻǳ׹

ԭΪǻϣȴϣԷֻ赭дЦأ

װŪѵɱ𣿡ǴսЩʵֳ|Ůϲ֪մ˶˵Ѫѵ͵һ֪𣿡

ʶغҪܿ

԰ʲôίƽģɱ˳Ӧ˵׼޵ῴ㹩ֵķϣЩǿɷ׵

⻰̧̼Ҫץȴˡ

Ƿˣѹ¡ԸԾɲĵţֵôһаģͽؽãúþķ˼

ʱ
Ѿ֪ҹװŪֶΣޱȺ¡ٱؽȥҪƷ衣

ǰüѹˣ±ȽʱҲ֪кʲô£ȴǳû˵

ϾûմҲƲϵǿ⸱Ǳģ¶ˣ

칬̫󣬴֪ҹˮһ¡

˵Ҳɣǻյ̷סηǡС

ֻδ˵꣬Ǳ̲סʵ𣿡

˵˿ˣһ£ϵľ˰̺۶һֻص

ˣԾɾŲԾ
ûڰ칬ֻ˻͹ȥˡ

ɵ£Ҫնҹ˴յĻڵηšü˼Ƭ̣һԵĻٳһˣȥʸʲôԡ

ҪȥǡϢ˵ˡ

ܷܷĴҴҵؽţɫƽֻܷġҸ㣬Ѿˡ






55.   55    ոһձĥ

55

ǰҹ, ԶԶؼ˴ԥһ˲֪ʱٸϹȥѾ, ƽȥ

ڳǵ·֮УƽŽΪƫƧûʲôס, мױǰʱ, شŵĽܹƽĶݡ
Ҫȳ²ֽͳȥ, ضӴ˴
һ, ӱ޸˹ȥ

ɲ, ǡ͵, һ۵

ڳűպǰ׷ȥһ򶷺, ԼҵƲҪҹɫߵ˻

˰ҹ, δǵС

ǴܷܷдԵ֪ҹ֮£Գ˿֪ڸҹѺʱ, ԥƬ, Ȼ³

֪糯, ֽع˼󣬱ֱӸٻؼˡ

ʥϵ˼, Ҵ졣͵ҹˮԼѾʬ壬𺣵Ϣ˳ȥǽ֪, ǰ͵컻յȥЩѣ͢档
Լң̫еİѱѾ㹻Ƿ⣬Ҳһ׮

֮¾ҲûʱԼҵһ򾡣ǵùǽʰ˼Ĭ޼

ǶԴ˲⣬ֻ˵Ǿ͡ɱɡ

룺Ҫѹ÷ǰ𣿡

ҳʱġСҷǰͷɱǶ˶٣ҡҡͷ侲룬ǰˡ
ˣֻһۣ˾ŶġǲҪĸŮˡ

áʱӦ

ڷкȲ裬һյĹ򣬸ȥ

Ѿˣʬ˶ȥڡ

ЩΪˣֳҲúðᣬͨϯһڡ
õŮô³
ҲѭӦˬ

ǲûȥ֪಻ڲƭԼ˵͵ȷѾµŵɽ𺣵̷ˡ

ôıȴΪ˽ա
ñԼҲ֧穣ٷʲô˻⾩ûʲôֵüǹҵˡ

ȥã㣬¸

Ӧȥ

ѾȨƵû˹ʲôӡսֵܣõʹٺ»󶼷ָЩоѵģѹûлܼҵʶ
ǰ͸ˣ뵱޶¡

Ͳ󣬵ɣȴ˷ⰲġ

ʱƬƵͲ˻ʧԶԵĺҲˣԵЩ

ֻ˵أͷһƾŮڶأð֮Ϊ㡣
εؼ·﹡һǳһŵš

ĬߣδȴʱķӦż̧һ£һ

ȿ쵽ǰཫŵǣûٸȥ

ã㡭Ƕ˷رߵӲݣֽŻӵȼֽǮǰ˵һŹĶˣ
ֻϧЩСĸŮžۣӦúܺðɡ
ٹʱգҾҪ뿪ʹ뿪ǣǾͲˡǰ˵ҪԼΪȣҲΪˡ

ȥֽܷܷͳȥ߱û˿˵֪ĻˣϲŭϤĵط߶߶˵á
һֱֽǮȼ֮󣬷ͣסˡ

ãͷʵƣ¶еЦ

վʱС飬Щûվȡڸ༰ʱ첽ǰһѡ

лˡȽŲŲţڵһתۣѾʱڡٹЩʱգϼϵĹ𻨾͸ˡ

ʱڣĴƮ㡣
ʱͼ˵ģȴЩζ

ҺֻʱڻȥһˣжδټЩȻȴЦһǵʱɷнµ˵ѧ𻨸⣬˵Ҫ¶һ֡

ĳƷҲ̶ãɫζޣһɢֻģӲͷƤ顣
ֵ岻˺üգЩҪȥ

ǰ£ЦãʶҪΪԼֱҺĳպöˣ

ڼ޸˼󣬳ոͻͽ
Ҫܺõӣ˼ͺϡ

ֻϧ컯Ūˣˡ

࿴ĻԼµЩʲôȴûƣֻ˳Цǽлᣬ¶һֺˣҲҿǲг

ǻعҲȤζҲᣬܲٽԵȥġ

紵ɢȡƫͷȥƳ紵ɢ޷Ħָ⡣
ֻǻδڣԼԶļɫ֮һݡ

þɳ⶯ЩԴ˺Ÿ仯Ҳʶôˣ

꣬ѭŸĿȥǿƳԶһ

ֵؽ磬˵ơ
Ҫã۴ʱѾ˳ѵʥϡ

ǱɫЩ㵵
ؿ˼ԽԽǰǻع̧ڱĳ

һ˼ӶԷ

ǡ˼ۿɼ˿ɫԾɴЩءǣȴܿɫ

ǿĲãԾδᣬԶȥ˼ͫ΢ĬƬ̺漴ȥ

ڳߵ˶˳ʱƵĿ˲Զĸࡣ

빬ִ٣ûǰ˼ʾҲû˼ӵµ˼ļôҲû뵽Ȼ빬ҡ
û˾οֻ鷳벻

ཀྵƬ̣˼ȿ˿ڣ´빬ǰ֪һΪá

ǰƽ͵ֻá

˼˶٣ŵ֪

ڵ֪˽빬˼ʱˡ
һֱǰȵڹУǼǹõ飬ҪΪñ̲סҪ뿪ˡ
Ż׷˳

ڣټȫޣȻҲ˵׼Լʲô顣

˭̧ۿ΢΢üȴƫҪǿߣոһձĥ
𣿡

ѵý˵˼ĬãΪشʱ򣬻ġ

Ųߣδ磬ֻġ

ЩǱĬƩټӲĺܻбůһ졣˼İ⣬϶棬ǺȥƩ縲ˮա






56.   56    ȡ

56

ɸ뾩, ǰãȴǱ˼ȥġ

ؾ빬ͣٶû, νһǳɡ
ͨߴ칬ź⵽˼˿, ·ڻص˽ĵĵط

ȴֻѹ֡ͬһ˲õ顣

Ÿոͣ, û̷źý̤, 㾶ֱƿ, ӯ˳
ͷҲص͹ȥ

˼ȥҪֽ

ĹǷ׷شͷ, ҳ

ص͹, ԭļٵּ󣬸ؿ, ˿´οǧôçײˡʥԹ֪빬, ɫʱͱˡ

һԲظ£߶, ŵЦ֪ˡ

, ûʲô£ҲûıҪ, Ҫľֻеȴ
ȳ¾Լңʵʱгŵ

, ١çײһأҲûôˡ

˼øЩ˳ἰٹԱ⣬ʱ䶼͹, ̽ߣ

ݻ˵еĲҲϢػһ֡

ǲż˼ţʱ̫ҽ
Сģ·Ǹ紵һ¾͵˵ơ

ԺԭΪʲô£ãҲʲôֻ֢ܸ޺ˮķӡ

˼ֶԸԭһصΪһءǿǵĵִܷԸ̫ҽÿն

ˣǻûסΣԼôƽ޹ʵڡ

δȻǺõġ˼ƳһԵԺУοҲѲʲô򡣡

Ժл⣬æصͷǡ

ǶһһԶԣҲ磬ȥˡ

칬ȥ밲ʱ̫ص壬˻ʼҵľףоͰԡ

λۣù䣬֮ж£ǻƴȨδ¾ձ졣
ʼϰףµġ
ÿʱڣǻҡӵ佫ǳͷʱ򣬰ǰλĺѦ죬֮ո¶ͷǣʶ

ȵ۲䣬ҲӲ³ǶԵͷΤ֣йٳٲԸؾ¡

ʥȥŵǻδԵľױֻȸ̫һӣĵҲԻĺûᣬӦС

ԭֻȤ£һ̧ۿ˹ȥ

ȲϲڹУǴɳᣬȥɢɢġ̫˵ʺǸеģΣÿʥϵ˼

Щ
Ǳд㣬̫ǲƽ޹ͬлġ

ʹ˼߬УЩ²ð죬ȥֽܶŵĵطͶˡ

˾л̫㣬һӡ

˵״̬·ϢЩ̫֪ᵽ˳¾˼

ʺķλ֪ǶŮӷѾĻҪõģȴ֮ǧټƵҪ뿪
㡭ֹ̫

ǵƬ̣Ծδ˵ڣС׷ʵʲô𣿡

̫˸޷δش

Ǽˣѹеɻר־塣

Ҳ֪յ̫˼еԵģ徹ĵرӮˡ

ôͷһ̫Ӯ塣
ǲɱЩȸԾ漴򴽣̫ЦӮһأ檽

̫Цǳˡ

ûҪŮźԶַּӣǰ飬ţǱԵɣ

̫нӹյɢҶ͸ǣǺΤˡ

ŷӦ̫˵ǵλΤ
ʱΤްţʶδۼֻۣ֪λ衢ĺ
ټ˼Щ𣬱ûӡ

û뵽̫󾹻ῴΤϡ

ڰ׷ͫɻ󣬳̧̧̫֣źĹϤǲ˳ȥͬǽ

ΤԻ֮ŮȵʱҲǾ𣬶ǲܳĻӡ

ȵĸǸ΢ĹŮòѰɱݵ۾ңûغȥôй
ݵڶ࣬ѹûôӷС
ȵǻѪйЩ꣬ûͷūţܹ衣

ΤйΤȵʱʶ÷˽Ҳĸӳıơ

ݵصĶնܾˣĻ֮£йеĶӣ˽ӻ
̵ְ
ȵԴƽƣǻΪۣΤϽ빬Ϊɡ

ʱΤҲӲˣԶûĵزֻǹڶ࣬óĸǲ˴˺˺ȥҡ

Τ»ӣΪλ
˭֪û꣬СӾûˣȥָʹµó輧ĲŮ¶֡

Τ˳׷˷裬ǲŮ˶յУҲźȵ

ȵβѣΤϹ֮λƸļֵܣ뷽跨ֲ

˶˵Τȵ۵֣ϻ̫̾˿ҿţǱ󹬸Ʒˡ

̫ʱҲΤҧгݣ䶨ͷǸֿɺֿɱˡ

ڳ¾ǵġס̫ͬ뵽ΤϾº󣬽⡣
ǵԻ£κ˶ûкô

Ǻ˴յ裬ĬƬ̣Ҳ̾˿

ǰΤо͵ͬڡŮˡЩὫΤЩһʹֻꡣ

˵÷ȵһһ˯ɡ輧ΤȴԼһӶڶİ֮ϡӦǾ䡰Ů֮⣬˵Ҳ
ίʵ̫㡣

ҲִҪ뿪Եɡ

Щ˶ԣ⹬еȷʲôõطѾס̫˶٣ָصǾͻȥɡ

ڹôã̫żϿЩǳں⣬Ҳȷѧ١ǹһ񣬿елշġ

̫Ц΢΢ס
Ӻݶׯ̬Īɫĵ

ĸ󻨣ʺڹУִȨ·ѹӢһʱ紵빬ǣתתҪ뿪ġ

ص͹ǽ̫Ļһء
¾ľ尲ţ֪ԼҪľԳг¾죬ֻԼ뷨ӡ

˵žӦлʺС
˼ûһʱҲδͬ£ɣѹû׼Լ빬

ĥգ˼δԣȰܷܷˡ

ôͻȻˣǹеʲô£

ܷܷһɻ󣬶Դ˺ЩεҡҡͷƽĪԼˣ

£ӣŻعζ
ԸȥǹһˣͷǱû˹ϰߡ볤棬벻ӱһ

ǵΪñֵ֮£ѹû¡

Ǽڳ¼ʱǸĶģԹҲѹ֪վ
ܷܷѣ¾ϡͿعȥˡ

ƽһӡܷܷȡõ񣬸ǣԪӣ˵ԼҴϱµõģҲδء
˵ţѾƥ͵С

Ԫ˽ǵϲãʱרƥɫġ

ǰȥüЦǼǹˡ

һԵģЩꡣ
ƽ˼ûͶɫ챦ܽ˻λۣҲ
ȴΪЩ۵С˸߲ҡ

ܷܷСشӺɰȡʲǰǸ˳ġ

ǸĴ㣬͸ֻǵ񹤿㲻϶ྫ¡

ûᣬܷܷ˶٣С̵ֿġ

ǽӹָĦϵ·ûסЦ˳Ҿ˵ôõϣĸóȻ
ְʱռˣ

ʱѪϵĽѧһľ񣬵ûģġ
϶ԣѾܴˡ

ƽʱ赶ŪǹģȴҪôСĿ̵ϸֻһģеЦŨ

˵ʱõġҿµǰľͷԹöءܷܷҲЦ

ǽ֮˳ܷܷʱ顣

֪Ҳûгĵղˣֻƽصʳж˵档

˳̸ãһֱĺɫĺϣǲŽܷܷԼЩƣ룬ߺ鷿ЪϢ

䴫Ųۿȥ磬ӰӰ´µؼŸӰ
Ҳû룬ֻڵ񣿡

һ٣ʻʲôգ˴ƹ󣬵ߵĻֱӿ

ǻ
˼

ĳ֮£ֲڵͨ¾ûκλӡ
Ǹ

Ƶչ͸ӣĲϣճϤִ

·վǰģǵǸһ

˼ѾδϼɫЩǻعǵת˲š
ؿǵȥһı䡣

һ̣ǻعⷵʱľΣٻزȥʱ⡣

ǣ˼֣ǳȥɡ

̬ȲپӸ£ҲٴЩֺãǵƽʱϡƽдЩǡ
ǻ˻侲ЩЦ

ǰ˼ִǷйǱ˵Ҫ²ſСʱ˼仰۶ˣܲ˵ǿҪڴǰ

˼ҪⲼ£׾ӵģŴǰԼֺ

ǲû˴ֻˣˡʱˡ

ڸĵʱ򲻿ģ÷ֵʱҪǿ󣬽֮ĸٳ⸱ģ
ôĥȡ

Ƕ˶Ҫһڻؾת˲֮£ֽĻӲ˻ȥ

ӷй¾Ҫʧˡ

ȥһɺģʵ

˼ЩȤ漴Ц⡣

˼ض˼Ƭ̣û뵽ȻĴԼ˵һѡ

ֵ֪Ҫ˼ʱѰɫȹϺ˼Ƶúܡ
òԭúܺãվһһˡ
ϵɫЩЩСҲûʲô

˼Ц⣬ǵ䵭
ԣܽ˸Ѿнչǿʱͺ

˼˾ٰ˳ΪԭΪǰȴȴֱȥ˶ߡ

ԵظţδţԼֵ죬ɻ

ʱԪеҹУзֵȥڻʹ빬ⶫоֻǶ֮Һ󣬱ݵˡ
ʱϧΪ˼ͽգδᡣ

˼źֵƻ̻ʽ̯Ŀʳʱ»ŵӦоУּۻڶ
ϵĹǽ⣬ǵȸ֡

СǸֵģڹ徻̫ãⳡȻصˡ˼䡱

еĵĮԾȥţʵĵƻӳ˫ԣʻýĶ

˼У߬ġ
ǰΪλҪ鶯ǿׯĿִڽϸĻʺ󡱣
ڻʵ۵λϣȨԭǸöصģȴذڲЩ޹ʹڲǡ
ֱ޲ɼ

ǲûʲôֻ¿š˼Ҳûţߣʲôʱں߸Ǯˡ

ɫʳȦͶ̯ӣⳤִͷβ֮Ѿá
ಱƳණ˼΢΢һ

ôˣü

ڣ˼ϵЦУ͵Ǵš

ǲǰߣָָһ֣˵˵ɣǺ⣿

ϲ֣ڹоȤ˻ָݵ۽˵о˼ųֵƻЦӽֻԽԽǺʱȤԻŴ磬䡭

̻ķֳ֣˼

ǽҹǣҲһƺĵ빬׷ԣصҪ
ʱϧû䡣
ʱҲ˼˳ɲӦϾ³Ƶϳֺá

붵תת˼ɨ谭һж׵˫ַˡ

̧ۡ
ǰ˼ĸ飬ôһݡҪأΪôòС
ɳȲݼѾϡˡ

Ĭʱʴ̻ը죬ǲԼͬͣͷ£ˢˢͷ˹ȥ

Ҳʶ̧ۣѤõ̻

ڵҹ֮ɫ̻òϢ˾֮̾࣬׷۴ź£ڳϦԪ⣬̵ף

ǣ֡˼ۿĿҹɫ֮Եøᡣ

գգۣԲ

ǰв̤ģ˼֣صģٲˡ
ܲ㣬һλ᣿
ǡͷ

ǳĬã˼ɫеڴһȥ̻ͣʱĬšԡ˵ͷ

˼ʱϲ񣬵ԼĴѹûƽصĳȣ󷴸ȷϣǣ㷽ŵͷˡ

ԹԵţᡣ
ȴ̲ס룬֪˼ܷعζʱֻθܣ






57.   57    ˼ǲÿ

57

̻, ҹѾЩҲ˸ûعʱ

¶أͱõǰ, ûüڣ㱻˼ˡ
ûùź򣬶Զ, Ϊϵ硣

ģ, һԺСޡ

, ֬ɣһ֬ϵ̷, ˼̧ۿ, ʱڵ, Ҽ֬ʵغáɫҲ

ƤӸ, Լ֬컨׹˳ƹάǵò, һԣúܡ
֬, ·𶼶Բһޡ

ʲôȱ, ֬ˮ۵ӦоУǶԴԭûʲô, ģȴɵЦ

ΪǼ乧ά, ǰԼǸտʼʱΪ֬ƤӶҪĥˡ

һ˫һ, β΢΢̣Цʱÿ˼鶼ܺЩ
ɺƻУõǴ

ƽʱնܼţ֪ϰΪôãټģ˼Ķǻ
ףΪλˡǧһЦ

֬Ҳˣİ£Щͷԣ֪Լľ仰λԭɫ˸Цˡ

ǰæе֬ϣЩֺõζϲԡ

ֽӹȴûϸĿһϡ

ʱֽ˹ڵҼõģġζƱɣºͳ

˽ܣҲһֵƳģֻǰζЩ΢Ĳͬ
ɻţԼԪõǰϣ˲²⡣

㣬ƵİɣЦʵ

һȵ۶ڨڨô֪

㣬ɷҲٹܷƵ|ŷĵزҲûڡ
ǲûͬϸȥָֻµĲ㣬˸Ӧõķʹ

ѹеĲ죬˵μȻҾ˵ôҲѧʮ񣡡

Ʒʱ껹ЩΪ飬û뵽ǵû𱸣û˽㷽Ҷڡ
һ񣬿елָ㡣

΢΢һЦûٶ̯ϵ֬뿪ˡ

˼¿ȥЦҿţǺϲ֬Ĺ
ǸˣȻҲּɣֻԾЩɻ

㲻Щ𣿡Ƿ˾䣬˼һŷӦҲǣûҸʱģ

˼ʱѾ࣬ϲȱǮҲΪź֬ĥ
ѵ꣬Լҧͦġ

˼Ȼ
֪òףԼἰʱ赭д˵øҲǾȤ£ǱԹԼж࣬ʵδϸ

ụ̂͵СｫҪѶԶٿࣿ

ǵĹעǶʮ֮һôĮӣ䱧Թ䡣

붫ź󣬳󣬴ԽԽģֱʧ
¼žΨ΢ķ

˼ŵУůƵ΢΢ζĪǼ¡

ǸŻ⣬շתһֱҹͷȺ
ԭѾеϢ˵ԼЩʱܻȥ˼صǡ
ǷĲ£صѰ˹

˼Ϊ˺Ķյ۵ֽͷؼҡ

ʱ˵úܣ˼ֱ˵ôЩ궼Լһ˹ģû˵Ⱥ򣬸רзá

˼Цõ£˶ͬЦ㡣

ڶͺ֮Уȴůġ
ʱ˼һӾôþùȥ˰׷ԲԣԾܷŲС

벻⾰Ѿ˷ǣһȴĻơ

ƫͷȥ˰۽ǡ

˼⵽ķеôˣ

ҡҡͷۡ
ǰѷ뵽ó˵˼Σô

뱣һЩĻ䣬˭ҲȾָ

͹ǰͣס˽ŲĿǵ٩ֹɡҪ¿ʼûͷһվ޵ĵ

˼⻰ЦˣǾټˡ

áǵͷֽŵƻһۣ̤ż

˼ĿţֱıӰʧŻ巵ȥ

鷿֮º󣬻㿪ʼ˼ֻҪڣͲߡ
ǶԻ¶档

¶أôã뽪ɡͱõȰ

˼ǲɫеľ⣬ɺؽӹ˼ڱˡ
̧ۿڲĻ𲻾ǰ˼

˼ͬ˵ҪͷƣڰڵصͷӦ£ȴǡˡ

Щܴͷ֮䣬Ļأ֪صޣ
ѾŲ˼ˡ

鰮翡סĶֵΪ˷

Ǿ쵽Ŀ⣬̧ۿ˹ʱˣﲻȥЪϢ𣿡

ôãѾЩڴ˸ǷҲ֮Щˮۿģ˼¡
Ҳ֪ⲻǴɣ˰˸ӴϹϵ

ʵĿ⿴Щִ٣ֻɤЩɰͰ͵ˡ

ǰЪϢˡǷվбҪء

ҹǳƺƴ̻£ŵ˲Ѱǿֳ֣ûôˡ

֪ضʥϵİšɼȷǷڣҲʲôĴӣúõģʲô̻

ڶһ糯ǰĳһۣʵ¾

¾ҹ̻쾪˻뵽˼ǰָŴоѾ˸߰˷֡
δԣֻ˵֪

Ÿ̻˵ҲʲôҪĴ£Ѱ˭ҲרΪһʵ۵Ĳʹ졣ƫƫλ͵ʷ˼ȵ۵·糯ص裬Ȱ˷ѡ

˼ϵôһҲûգֱӦ

±׾ٵؽҹȥתԵ񡣵Ǻ֮УΪ˹ڻ

ǳ̻òٹ˴֣ϼߣҲȽֻںŮȰŻ޵ȴһ޶ûЪá

ֱڶգ˴Ϣ֪˼ҹԾ巵͹ںЩ

֣ǰȰĵȺ򣬿ɶôЩʱչȥʥȴŻʺ󡭡Ƚ˰Ŀڣüôȥ˵׼ȵĲʥᷳ˺ͺá

ֿļ̾˿ʺദͻ֪ڸգ׻ͷġ

ȽԾɲģһأ

ֱ⻰ʵҭ¡
Ͼһʧ£϶ǲͷҲ潫˵

ȽҲʶԼ⻰ʵòףֻ鼱֮£ܲôࡣеӣ˵Ҹôźã

Щ̣Ҳ޿κΡ
ЩʱŪȥҲ²͸˼˼

Ҫ˵ĻȽǸϲĳϦҹʵǶ˵Ŀˡ
ôܽԼһ˵鰮ϣ

ݼҵľɶֲ˵ʲôϿĻ׵ضôϲǣҲ˵ʺƵϿ
ǻ˵ΤֻȽδܱס㣬ʳؾλ

ūĻֻܰĵţѰʲôǲʱ䣬ǧ͵ۺ֮¡ĳ˵ȽԾЩԥֶⲹ˾䣬ͼˣСֻʵ䷴

࣬ȽҲٷӦ

糯˼Ըֱӽ۰ᵽ͹º󣬾ֱ
֮ŷ֣͹ֽ𰡣
еȤſⷿиʽµֽ𰲻ãƫҪڡ

Դֺǽذ͹з̵˵һ֣źģ˭ҲΪ´С֣ӹ̹ࡣ

˼Ƿպıʣ΢΢ס

ˣɢ̬Ѿ㹻ԱϰĮӵ˼ԣ˵ܳ
ʺǣ鷿ȥۡ

˼ٴͷæòרģʱʱͻƳһۣԺæЩʲô

һֱݳͣų˿ֱ
ŮǰΪᲲƽѣƵغȲ裬ʵúܡ

˼ǿ˻ջĿ⣬̯ۣڻˡѾ׵ֻҪͷ˶ñ̡

һ굽ͷҲֻгᣬܹ빬һʱաΪǹȥ֮ԥãֱգеĹ˼δȫɢչ黹ǲļʧ

ǣ˼ŴӣЦ£ȥɡ

ƫͷȥü֪ʵ£

ЩʱգɽԣδϤһ˼ɫȤҲѧѧ

˵ԣлʵ۶翪λһֲȥ߸Ҳȵһˡ
˻ǰ׵׼õϡ
ղعάһǹȥˡ

˼Դ㲻óԸȵǰŪ¡

ˡ
˼ͬԣĬҪȥ˼ߣȥҲĸȤͷӦ

صĸ˲ģдڴŶǰЩ

ֿοǻװʱϸֱۣص˾䣺ЩʱʲôūԸȥ

ʲôãҲʳġڻ˾䣬Ů˸󷽵ķʽ漴š

˼ѾþװԺеȺ򣬼չüһЦ

΢΢£ҲЦ

ִ֣Ŀ˲ţЦŨЩпöá
ǰЩʱգǽĵ

ʥ뿪󣬻¶棬ǡп۽ޣ˻ȥ

Ǳһ͵˷Ը׼ýӼݣ˭֪ۺѹûʲôųϢҲûź

˼ѾãĹţͷβһ飬һƥ˳ͨѩ׵С

ûҲûؽӴȥСʱЩš

ͨԣûƫƫͷЩ

־ϲ۶ԲЩ

һԵܹʱѩ˳׽ˣǺϲء

Ϊ֤⻰ѩִյøЩġ
Ǹë֡

˼һţѩϤԷͷɲ֮ǣŶתȦϤ֮˵Եġ

֪ˣ߬Ӧ˼վԭأ˾ص˵ͷߴٵ㲻ҪֻæȥҺ

˼ԴεЦַԸϸź뿪

ߺǵ̬׷
ԼĽûǿǣת

ķݳϵҶƣеţѾ

ǣƤ½ͬǽ˷ѩԼʱע

ˣ߬΢΢սûͷûβ˾䣺ѾҪ˰ɣ

£漴صǡ

ˮԵʣƽǵĹ𻨿ñȱҪЩҲҪЩʱڣǶе
ˡ
Զ磬ܾЩʲô

ָͷд㣬ܹʱ˳ʱиϣӦܸڹ価ǰȥ

˼ʲҪʲô£ᾡΪҲúܺá
ÿնȥҲܻȥ

أ֮ǸæԵġУҲ˵ۺͺ֤

ԴָȽһֱڷȰԼҪԵȴȵ˼Իʺᷳͺˡ
ɵۺͺϢöˣûƽľ

ʥŻʺ󣬿ԶȥɡȽıʣָڷףҪǱʸ۶һ

ʼŵŨī£漴οδɽˮͼ

ٰ̾˿ʺݰžҪȥġ밲ɲҲû֮С

ȣȽԴش⻰ʥʶһѧġ

ٿĲͷʱ

ȽѾɽˮԽԽģֱһŷֽź¡

ȽĶ˵ȥʱϵؿ顣
ڼȴ̫࣬ĥƤֻҩʵʵڷû˼ȥ

Ϣǰεؿ˻һۣ֪ϢͨҲʲô鶼Ҫصҡ

ЦЦūԭΪҪ֪ɵĶ򡣡

ҶûʲôȤֱ˵

Ѿǵ飬ദʱ˼ɣ˾䣺·𡭡ɲ黳

ǾţӦüǺ𣿡Ƿ˾䣬ԹԵҡҡͷǲϲҲ̸ԹޡҪ˵ĻЩ

˼ǲÿģԽԶԽáǻڴעĥԽѡ






58.   58    빬û׼١

58

㲻ȥ̽, Ҳܲ³Ƚصȥ˼˳Ϊ֮¡

ǰճ׶еᡣ
̫˼Ͳ, һ˵˲ȥ֮Уеľֻһˡ

༸λ, ڽڲУȻȥã밲һֱͣú, û֣ɶȽ, ôƲ¡ǲܡ

ǵյϼȥ, Ƚʱ, ʱ, ˼ضǺܰλݹꡣ
ȽԼӦҲôΪ, ԲŻ¹򣬵˼ֹ

ʱ˭Ҳûϵ, ˼ʵûϡ

Ƚˮû˺Ӻ˼ȥһ, ˲ʹ, ûйʲô
Ǿô׽ҹˡ

ǿУʹ, ֻųݺ

Ҳʱ׹, ˼ʵҲȽҪȽϵĻ˼УȽͬʱ, ˭ҲȨơ

ڸһȵĵԣ·޿ɺǡ
ΪˣҲǵԲ⡢޷ֻͬһɢ

³ǰɵɣǺ׮£Ը籸񣬽ʱȥ

Щ⣬ʱӦ

ĥ˻ԼΪʺķ֮Ϥ׵Ŀ˻ϣʵأ

˼ײǾͻ빬ȴؾˡµѾ׼뿪ٲҪᡣ

Ǿ仰Ҫҡ
ƺʲôҪ£һƵģѾźԼ·ġ

׷ʱȴһ̬ٶ˵

ǰʱش𣬻ͷһǽ޼ƿʩ
Ҳֻա

ԣҪʱղ̣ԴӵϢ𣬱Ըǿʼʰ׵֮ǹĿ

ֿǵıȻȫǿ׼ǡ
ǲûЩֻԼľĵػ˾䡣

ܽƽǴǣִ빬ģȻǶԱ
Ϊ˼ɣЩһҲûã֮󣬽վʰ֮߸

ٽͥԺС

ڴ߷㶣żȻһ̧ۣŷ˼֪ʱˣԺ

ӦǴģδڣһװŸ߸ĳ͸Щѵõ

īɫϣӳµİƣһĸߵĲԾ
ִЩҹ

ʱģǻعЩɬۣ¶޵Ц⣬ôҲ

ŹûáһԺͼڷ㶣ûôš˼վˣڴߣЦʵʲô

롭ԿʲôȥɷнµѧֲŹعȥҲ߹ո֡
Ȼٹ꣬Լִ
˵ҲҪ츳ôѧᣬҲûӡ

ءﻮŽ£˳þõ׼˼УЦŨ

ǲִЩûܽú׼˼ǶԴ˸Ȥҽ㣬ѧġ

ǶʵûʲôȤҲǺƭ˼·ˡ
ϹЦ˵ͷð

û׼Ƚȥʲô˼ҲûҪ˼Щ۲飬γ̫ƽէһҲ˵ùȥ

ת۾͵˳Գȥӡ
õװ˺ü䣬ɻѺͣȥй

ڹпˣ߰˼ŵùĹŮ̡

ѵõ˳빬װ硢͵͵ģΪ

ԭɢӭӵ֪֮ųʲôǲöЩ
ԭҪģҲ״
һֱ˳ţ޴ֵڣֿ˻ȥ

ɢûã˿۳ᣬʥȥ

üԼȥ

̳˼źѾϰ˻ʺġ󲻾Դ˼ֲ֣͵͵Ӧˡ

еð졣
ԭΪʥϾ㲻ŭ˳ҲΪ˲ãôҲûϵʱǰĳͣƬ̣ʥϾԹˡ

ʱͷţû¶𾪵

˲յȲ裬ƿɵۣ˼ҲЩ⡣

㲻ϹȥֻԼˡ˼µؽ͹ֱһˡ

ԭźĹŮʱ֪ʶȤرÿ˳ᡣ
²ˮΪŵĻؾ˸ڣ߸ųеĻô

˼ȴ¡

Լ벻⣬Ҳûٶԣ²յһԵĻ

ӾǵԳһա
ôЩ˴ĵسȥ;վЪһղܵ

ǰʹг̣·еȤصؽ챸˻˸Ҷơ

˼صعûʲô¡
ר־ؿŻԲһĿĵطš

ƽʱʱദ鷿鱸ϾʱһԿϷǲ

ֻʱǿòרģʱſţĿϡ
񣬲רĵǸ˻

˼ͲЩ񣬲ԾؿһԵǡ

Ҳ֪ǻдʲôȤĹ£ר־˽Ҫͷ֮üֿҳü۷չ
ת䣬·ܿеתۡ
úܡ

õġ
ûʲôθڣԼڣ˿ӡ˼ȰأҲֻա

ȹ˳ȥ˼ɫдЩ⣬г˳ٴȰˣͱЪɡ

ƳһۣԴ˲飬װֵôƵģ

޾ϸʳӶҪܡ
ǰƣ˺ǵֱôйڣ

˼⻰ҭ£ҲûգǺЦΣǲϲҾͲ˵ˡ

ǽŵıֻ̺¶˰⣬ҪСɰζû˯š
۽΢üҲŲͷ΢΢

ô㲻ȣ˼Уʵ˰㣬Ҫ𣿡

ᣬҲ
̫లԵʣʼӯǹ޵ζżѹõѬ㡣

ⲢǸͷ

ڵһϣЩ裬ֱܷ˼õǰεơ

ν㣬˵ϣ˵һζҩ
̫ҽѾáº͵ԭϣþˡöչ鲻á

ҡҡͷҲá
һԥⲹ˾䣺ǿԣҲΪá

һ䶣ȴϲ١˼Ӧ̾ǣ˯á

˼̫ˡ
ǲûߴ򶯣ȥĿγ·˼ӳһ

˼ʶŲĿ⣬Ƭ̺ЦԳ˵û

λãûô
ȵϡͿص˦ƹȻҪļǹҵ̫ˡ

˼ȵۣΪȻȵ·Ǹɵ飬Ųλĳ¼ңҲûȫȻԼһݼң

ǣ˼ֿͳ£ܽҺ޷ģֻˡ

ǲɫ߬˱̺֪ԼʱӦӦһʱ˵ʲôֻЦЦ
΢΢壬̾µرĿ

һ·ϣ˼Ǵ粽ߣѹѰʲôпա

ֱڶסйž˼־˴Ϣء

ĳǻδѾ˽סʰ׵еĲˮѬ㣬͹õġ

Ǵнӹյ˷еŮʵʲôϢ

ҡҡͷ

ǶԴ˵Ҳû⡣
Ͼ¾úܣָϵشŲҲ֮С

һ˵¾ҪڣԼҲк֡

빬û׼ٻȥ






59.   59    ˺䡪ƭ

59

һ·۳Ͷ, йûЪãԡױΪҹ׼

ͷ˾Աǰ¶, йֽϣΪҪλ塣
ЩԸڣκԵŻʺͷ, ǿ
ְذһ׮¡

ԡɫѾ

ǻ, ױ̨ǰ, ŹŮΪ췢١ױ, ȴʰ

˼ˡ

ǿžеԼ, ʶü
ܾ, ˼Щ̫ճˣ·ֻҪп, Ҫ粽Ųźá

˾Уǵۺ, 顱Եʣܾ˼ǱĿġ

ϵĲݼ, ˼ֿҺ, µЦʵôʱ

ױһͬȥ˼˵, һ

ѾϴõīɫԽŷ, ĵ÷ɫסϵŵ壬޳ָϻ˸ϬƳɵİָ
ʣֻĵ, Ҳ˲ݺӡ

δͷ͸ͭڵһ˲漴źۼƿĿ⣬ЦǾȻˡ

ͷŮΪ˸ׯĸ٣ϷΡ黨϶ĥƵĶΡ
ױһú󣬵Ϊ˲㾫µļ档
ǶžеԼ˹¶ЦȴǾ͸ŹİеģȥԶ

˼ȴܺÿ
˵ţ֣ЦķдЩڴ

ԥһ˲ִ̧˼ģվһͬȥ

йɽһ̧ۣܼҹɫֵɽ
棬鲽ҡ΢΢ζͷţֻ˴Ŀ·𶼱ȾҪࡣ

£˼΢΢սգȥɽķ羰ɺã

ջԶĿ⣬΢΢һЦð

У׹ݡԱѾڵȺţۺ¶

Խֳ˻˼ֱ

ҹ磬ҪصʲôֻҪ˺ûʺļӣ޿޵Ļƿͺˡ
ǶڸλϣЦ⣬һڳ

вǰͼģֻǴɨȥԾɾĿģֱϸ˫Ͽ˳ЦЩ

룬ҲԵǰſհۡǴԿ֮ʶ¾ûЩ⡣

˵¼Ȩʢɳ¾ֿԴ飬һֱԼԼңصΤһ帲ޡ
شᣬñ˼û

ٳȻҲɴɻǿλɫ졣

˼Դδһʣֻɫ˵ķӦ

ǿסԼĺģʱջĿ⡣
۳ͶٺûʲôθڣŸɫҰζҲ᲻ʳֻЩˬĹϹ

ǿȱȱ˼̵˻ֻܻȥЪϢ

£ʶ̧ۿ˼漴ֿ˿¶Щɻ
˼ҪϯʵǲϹصġ
»ߣֻµÿĵȰһ

ʲû¶㲻ͣ˼ȴȲʲôˣ˶ȥɡ

ԥһ˲ǿԼ˼һ˴

һţ
æϵ磬һԸпйҹ侹䣡ڻѹ

ֲ̧˲Ǽ⣬ɽо

ǰŹ·յýЩǣһֹģ

ǽģУЦʣ˵ʲô

ū澾ţڨڨЦ֪ʺð˳ɲƽϣǲԾԽԽСʥǺܺõġ
˵ţСضǵ飬׼

ǲûգĬƬ̺Цǰ

Ϊ̬֮ʱȴ̾أ

͵͵̾ҹ紵ɢΪԼĻ

Ƕ֪»ʺº͡Ԧ¿񣬲Դ͹źżţԼһʺƢ̫ЩŻǲ֪ô
ʵû뵽аʥϣȻӲˡ

ǿĲ⣬ûֻͣһЦ֮

ԼΪУܻǲʶ̧١֪ôϾ˼߸ϵˣ𽵹ֺãʲôò֪ģ
ǲԸ˼ͺҲ

鰮֣ǵͬΪı

Ǽǹų¾ȱϯ֮£ȥصؽȥ̽ڶһϢ֪ҹǲˡ

̫ԭͲãؾɼ˵е̫ҽסһޡ
ҹʥϻȥ̽

ûϵ㲻ɣһʱ޻˵ʷ˼ţֻȽ°²ᡣ

žʵͷһΧ³
˼˾װƥõ̤ѩԵøӢˬǰصػͷڵķ򣬵˰֣佫ǽֳ

һûУ

ԭ˻Ȥųп¿û뵽һתǡ˳¾

̴ݣδڣȵ͵͵ؿ

Ǳȵüͷ̲סȰ̫ǾɼΪβڷкúЪϢأ

£¾ɫ԰ףȴһķƵԼڷвܺãתתҲ޷
̧ۿǣָοδ

йɣвҪ󷴻ڣɵڨڨԭʵĻҲû˵ڡ

¾ȴǿ˼ǳµ飬ƽǡ

ûֻҪԸ⣬Ϊѡ
˿

¾ٵ飬ｲԼİţƽ·ڡͼı족̸Ρ

ǰ˰Ŀڣѹôţܸи֡

ǾݼҰɡ¾赭дһ䣬ʱԲۣԴЦʵʹûݼҸ𣿡

¾˼󣬳Ĭ

֪֮빬Ż֣ȫΪеϢ
ĿĲ㲻ԪףҲûӯĵز
˼ȥջɱ֣֮ûǣ׷ȥ

³¾㰲ţô棬ҲΪñĿġ

̫ǰƽԼ֮Ӳ㣬Ҫͬ죿Ŀתؿų¾

ʣ¾û˼ؿ˻ȥǴһ¡Ҫ˵ãҲǻá

Ǳ⻰ҭƿԣ˶ɵ롣

ǶԼҺ飬ǲԭί֪֮Ӧáǽƽ޹߸ˣչ黹˼ɡ

¾ϵԥҲûߴ٣Ӧ

ͬһ·ֵ

Ǳ¾ǷֱΧĲɡֱд˼ȹŽ֮Ժ

˼ûЩάԽˣֱǡ

δ߽ŵһ޵Ѫɱü

⵽쳣ķӦ˼һ漴ھǼԶͣס˽ŲдЩ
ǲòãá

䲻ʲôԼͬر죬밲

ǱòЦ͵ʥû˰ɣôѪ

ӦմȾ¹Ѫ˼˿ǲϲҲûԼ

Ӧ˼ǵһȥԡ¡ҲѰɡ

ȵ˵ͷغɻؿ

˵ˣҪȥɽϿ羰𣿡

ôһѣǲżǾ仰ԭΪֻһᣬû뵽˼š
ҧҧá

Ĺװװ߸ķٰıӣûòҡλֻϵ˸ɫķ

˼ɽȥʱĪ𵱳뿪ǰԼ㡢ƽΡ

ʱص˸Ƶգʱпɣƫƫɽºȴ죬ɽʼѩ
ֲð;ϣֻӲͷƤɽȥ
ɽ·У˲㱡ѩһͻỬ

ƽ֣·˼УҪúñܣŪˣձضҪͬˡ

ط鷳ͽƽ֮Ժֱʱ

ʹأƫͷȥ˼ʵǰǸƽ㻹𣿡

˼Ųһ١
£ֻǼշתӳ¼ұԺٵ巵Ҳ˵öССƽյ˺δ

û˸ԶĶ˼Ҳûͷ޳ܵ˵Լƽ

ûش𣬵ʵװ׵дϡ
ڿѯʱϵô̸ʧֻҡͷЦ

˼ЦĪĻţʶȥǣ֣ȴܿˡ

ǰ˵ûźƽҪͬ˵𣿡˼߬ģɤЩƣǣ㷣Ұɡ

ǴǰװΪԼ˲赹ˮȴֻЦԹԵǰߡ

ɽ紵ĳϵɴɫķ緭裬Ϧ͵ӳ£ɵĵ
·һ̾ҪܣҲͣ

ǣ˼첽ϣǲУǰҲãʮٱĳ㣬òã

ƫͷؿһۣð

˼һ仰ظ˺䡪
ƭġ

й·ϣ˼˵ֻ޷ʱ룬ŵġ

ûƭˣֻǴǰ˼Ѱˡ
ˡ








60.   60    ֮޴ȥ

60

, ˼á

£û˵϶ٻҲûյĲͷϥϯض, Ѥõϼ㶣ؿá

˼û羰Ŀʱ䶼ϡ

ǰ, Ǹÿˣǰʱ, ϲŭּдϡɵ, ˼ȴ, Լٿǵ˼
ƽ͵ദ, Ѿ㡣

һֱϦ, ʣͣվ, ֵ˵ϵĳȥɡ

ȴͷ, ûŻʺͷǰ¶档Ҫȥй䣬ҲỻһĹŮ, װһ, յ档

ãżǻײ
ЩӸλĴ˭·СѾ, 뵽⾹ȻλӺݶׯĳ»ʺ

˼֪, Ц֮Ҳû

մɫŮװһ㱡İۺ󣬻ϵЩȸ, ᳵ·سš

˵Ҳɣǡɼ˸࣬

λģ˽У˵Цġ
һµرõ·ߣ˫ֽͷۣһ

Ŀ֮Ÿɫֻܿīɫѥӣһ̲ͣ߹ȥ

һ뿪գΪԼڸǰɻضеЩ⡣

ȻûãӺС󣬼ɽһת䣬ӭײ˸ࡣ

ֻиһˣǾȲѣҲû˵װģ
ûסͷۣĪ㣬ô

Ȼǳ·ġഹ۴ģϡ档

ƲƲ죺һûϳء

ôܣЦԶԶŵʱҾһۿˡ

ϲͬûǴ֪˽Ǻģ
ɶԸԣ˵׾١

̧޷Цʵص۷ʲô£

౻ѰʵĿƣĬһ˲󣬷ſڵûʲôҪ¡ֻʣҪҰæ֮

䲻֪ǵľ尲ţ֪λԶ߸߷ɣʼյţר̼һ档
Ͼʹһ𣬻֪ղټ

Щӣ಻ûԵ뷨ְ뽯Ͻ֮ˣҲóȻ뾩
ڽм¶˼
ֻܰ³嶯ܼķΧУһ̡

ҡҡͷ˻ָĿڵչ˺ܷܷУǷ㣬˳շԪҡ

δϼҴڣֵüǹҵ޼

á֣Ӧ£һԥʵҪδȥ𣿽Щʲô

뾩Ӧع򿴿һϸټñͷɫƵʣµģһһɡ

ƽǵĳС򰲼ңزپҵӣѪԪԶȥһ·ǡÿط顭
ݣ֮޴ȥ

ˣĦָ⣬Ŵǵǰҽ˿·ʱźȥ𣿵ȹ꣬ʱǻȤѰҡ

ز׽⻰͸¶Ϣ漴ʵѾڴǳʲô£

㲻ʲôȥ϶ԣٶԸڳС
ľǣôΣķı߾ã

ҡҡͷ͵ûʲôģֻǾԼ࣬չ鲻ǰʱڡ

ھһ࣬ˣԼҲĥȥЩͣոһյصîֵǰϵӡ

Լ˾ͺáǼѾûȰ裬Ӧǵñ㣬ȥѰ㡣

ЦһΪ

йʱ·ø죬һۣԭճ̾Ѿ롣֪Լȥþ¾һ𸴲źá

Ǹϵķ飬˻ԥţ˼ȴ˵Ϣ
˵Ѿ峡۳ң˴š

ԥƬ̣Ӧϻö⡣

ԣصؽеƥС˹Ǽδѩƴǰǰǡ

ëǰŲŽŵŷ

ѹûù˰æһǳɣúܡ˼һԿţ˾䣬ϡ

ŷѩ˻ϰ֮󣬲졣
ɽգھʱȣǽȻͬܡ

˼ٶȣ磬Цʵ⼸գӦѾйת˸ɣ

롣

벻ɽȥ棿˼ǵķӦԴȵؿŽ͵ȹգϻᣬӦȤ

ǶԴ˵ȷеȤóȻ뿪ԭİţûʱӦ
ಱǱԹôЩۣɡ

⼸ոϵشǴȥеĥţѩЩԾ

ǰ˳δӴߴ٣ȴܵԽԽ졣
ֻƤһսҪԭЧĿȴʵ䷴

ѩ겻Ƿ˿һ񱼣˼Ҳʶԣʱϣǣͣ

ѩ˳ǻûΣʱ޹ģݺݵһѣԼ

ɷѩѾʧأҪ˦¡

ǣ£˼Ѿƣ֪ûƣ֮æ֣

ɽң߬֡

ǣȥˣ˼ϣߴٵң

ǿǽߵ֣ҧҧһɿŴͱ˼߬ס

ʱѩ߸̧ǰ㣡
˼ܵԥһ˲δɿǣǱǣһ׹¡
ſֱۣεرڻС

ֻǰһڣߴ˼ƺߣصصڵغ󣬹˺üȦͣ¡

ķ·ҪɤǶ˶δ˼ѣŵŨصѪ

ŵ̧ͷֻ˼ֹסѪϣԵøۡ

ôˣ˵ˣǵԾشЩ

˼Ծûɿıǰһ㣬ûʲô󰭡

һڣѪ͸ˡ

˵ˣʱԶѾ߸ϣ˿

Ѿˣ̫ҽҲǴӣŵزߵѪٳһ

˼ȴԾɲͣظ֡

ѾûʲôֻҪһܽմѪ˦ǻû˿ǣҪߡ

δӦ㷢£׻˹ȥ

ʱϵ
˼ƣûŲʱ̫ҽ֮СؽԲѵ˼й

ֱйϴȥѪɾѺǷŴ

̫ҽ˵˼ϵΣߵ˼θ»ԲѣҪġ

úõģѩᷢ񣿡һڣŷԼƵѵ˭ɱң

˼ڽҪͷڻУԲѵˣˡ

Ѿȥˣɫףյ̽ʵҪҪȥʥ￴
ǲԸصز˾䣺йôЩ˶ţǳٳٲȥֻҲ׵


ֻһ˼ǰǾ䣬ãȻֻȻӱܵ˼

չҪȥģȻ˵ȥ

ǵʱ˼Ծڻ֮УǽѾ֪£۹ɳ¾ٳִ֡

̫ҽڻԲߣػᾡΪ¾Լ

áӦĬãֿڵ̫ΪǺΪ

Ǵˣҵͬǡ¾ε̾˿˵˭Ҫ֮УȻݼҵɸ󡣡
óĻὫ¿Լͷϡ

Ĭ¾ܲΪһǳڱŵİɣ

ᣬҡҡͷⲻ硣

Ĭ˭Ҳû˵һֱȵɫǵ˻Ļػ

˺һʳ¾ҲͬݼҼƽϣôͲϷŹأ

⻰ʳڣĬǰĲ²⡣
¾û¶ϲɫֻǻ

ĳ谮δȫȻǺ£ȵʱΤĺֻҲδܰȻôЩ꣬ͱ˲븹

ǵͷãڵ̫ǰ˵İţҹ𣿡

¾ĿжЩȣܡ
˼δȫվȴҪʹ뿪ʵӲ

ҷˣǾˡ

οͨҽҲ޼¡

¾Ҳ֪ʵʱ׵á

*

й޵֮У˼õİ㣬˯üȡ

Īأεǳǰʱա

ʱѾ»ڣҲʼðҪõĸֶĿ֮Ӳȱϲĺɫ

ǲϲ˷ѣ˫ýԲڣûҪĵذ£ͬҪӼ򡱡

˼ȴܾſǷǣŵȽ˺ٺúֲ

ǿ˼ͬЦҲЩҲ֮ֻҪȫȫңˡ

˼öݣ֣µشӦ

ɻڴ˻ʵ֮λһƺƴĻΪմմϲ
ȴˣҪģʵǡȫȫ

ΪǵĺãֲԼźˡ

εɫؿú̾˿ͬ˵ҪȻǻ˰ɡ

ǣ˼͵ؾѹµͬʱֻÿһʹ

һغظʥˣ

̫ҽ룬鿴
˼ں֪ն£Ҫǵ״δڣŷ·ǣ˷θʹ

ƫͷҪǷڵУĿȴڵ񻨴ϣҲƲ

һ㴰ֽܿǷ·Ĳ⡣

ߣôˣ˼ǿʹ׷ʵʺأ

⡭
в֪ģ֪Ҳڴʱػġ

ǹɲԤз·档
˼۵ͨ죬ֻźͷһƵؿ

Ѫڽϣǻһĺ졣






61.   61    λ»ʺû

61

ʱ, ϵĹѾ˴룬Ŀ֮УӯԼԼ

ɿ, ͹½Żʮ̯ԣ͵ϷŹ˿, нĺͯߴߴ׷֡
еģ޶¡
ȴֺ˲ɴ, ټ, Щ㱡

紵ɴһ, 漴ֻϸְ, ڵʵʵ, ߡ

ʶԼ̫ãջԶĿ, ˿ȹ, ӯ˰

˵ȵңŰСش̤Ų, ؿ, һ

ǽͷģУڴЦǸʵʵĺѼӡ

ǰϰðѵʲʱϵ, ʱھ¥͵˺ɰûǮ, ί۶ˡ
ǴײһͰ͵ģǮ, ͱˡ

Լ˵ǿھֵģﰲŵ£ʶҳߡ
֪ûգͱ͵Ǯ
ֲԸôػȥŸߡ

ǹһˣ;żҲȤȷЩȭŹûԼˡ

ϰûǷƮĸоظתȦŸǣǰ𣿡

ԣֻ˵ͷģɵ
ûͬԼҲδ߹СԼСסʮĵؽ硣

СĿ˲Զ̯ϡ

ˣƳķӦתȥ

̯ͷʮ꣬ǼѾˣᳵ·Ϊ棬Ҫ˷߶е±ζ

һŵζʳ񣬵Щɻ󣺡˲𣿡

ҡҡͷƵصˮ
Щż棬һժɴֻ¾ͻᱻ̯ϳˡ

ֹе棬ǵͷ衣

λǸìܵˡ
̸ֹǴ˼Ĺ㣬ºӲ裬ͶҲɴŴݣû㽿һ·Ų֮ûԹ䣬͵úܡ

ֽȻͬʣȻȻۺϡ

ôһֱңǷ²룬ü΢治Ͽζ𣿡

æҡҡͷר־ͷԷ

¹Ǵͷһ²ʱ¡

λ»ʺûˣ
˵ʥȥʱйǱ˳𣬿ɣյ˻ʺĹ
ʥΪ˱ʹȣһ糯ͣˡ


飬ҳȤ٣һǵ۷׷סԭרĳԷûסͷۣۡ

ƽ뾩㲻ϽϢټϿڿഫշתб㲻ʧ֮˵
ĵ˻һЦ֮

Ʃǳ𡣵ҹΪ˼ΪɣȥйǻķѾõķã֮ڻʺ޹

ߣ˼֮Իճ˳ϵ˻δãʲôʹȡ
˸УǣΪ˵¡

ǲ¾ʺѶ˾֪˵˼Ѿ´¡

Ѹº󣬱ûתء
ԭͲóֵġ»ʺ󡱣ûˣҹ̻ת˲ţǵ˾̾һ󣬳׹ƽ

͹ܻµˣٹЩ꣬λȻʺ

ǶԴ˼⣬˿ǹϤĹʶľⰲ

ùϵĿջȥͶޡ

˵ҲɣסͷֻƿӣԶԶסСԺ
ֻǹ˼࣬óȻȥ

ŵù¾ĳﻮչûһʧ£ο˼ҲʲôʲôĴˡ

˼ǰǾζĻÿÿ𣬶ţ˼һ
˵ˡͷʼӭ˼ϲʵϣһ

ˣ뾩֮ûֱӻ·ߣֱշת硣ֱʱҲûܻصȥм䵽˼С

ûʲôǣңصػ磬Ҳʲôɵ£ΪȫԼ롣

˼գò̽һ֪һԼҸͣ

Сϲ˻δ۹

ǶԴ˲⣬֦н価Ĺ𻨣һʰң̵ȥ
ŵȹأٻ

˼һʱô񣬺󹬳ҲиˣȻͽ֮Ժ

ʱ˹ôط






62.   62    ڤڤ֮еıӦ

62

붬һѩ, 쳹ȥ½ǰããһƬ

¾ȥϸѩ, ̤巵
һţŨصİζϮɵü, ů͵͵Ŀ

ǰʱܵ˹أ˼, ֱ, Ծûܵ

̫ҽûҶ, ¾˽ʹ, ˵⼫¾ɼ, ׸

ǳȲģֻʥ˼θ, ƫŻʺ֮ᣬ޿Ž⡭̫ҽͬп, ǻ٢ҲΪ

ǵȥ, ˼, ͻ֮¡

¾Ԥϣʱ˼ķӦ֮, ԾЩ⡣

˼ӻƳǻ, 仹ûŪȥڹĳĬ֮УӦȻѪ
ԡ

̫ҽǻûüɿ, ٴθ߸æҵΡ

⵹ó¾±١
Ϊйˣ˼֮ʱΪ»ʺ֮ǹ׶ۡ
Լǰ˼ݣڷô֮С

˼֪İ֮󣬲Ȼŭˤֱߵҩ룬ԽȨš

ô˼˽¶Գ¼κδ淢ͷһڵй

¾ʱ¹оݵػػ

ϾҹյһͿгй̴˲֪֮¡
οʺʬѾѰţܰϢ

˼ԾɲģʵĿȫǣ̫ȷǻʺ󣿡

д棬ǻʺֻ˭¾װȷʣ·ͻȻ֪ʥϲԸţֻʵ֪ʥϽڰ

Ҳ֪޷ܣǣ˵ز˼Բ֮

ɲ
ϾôģҲûƾѰʺ֮ѹѹģ

ڳǵһٴ֮£˼뿪й֮ǰ׳ϴ£Իʺ֮ᡣ

䶨

ؾ֮˼ԴЩʱգٳԡҼһɵ

ԼʧʥģǹӲдǶԴ˲⡣ûϵʥϾݼҳ֡

֪ʥϵ⣬ϱӻ
һؾٳмӣӹɵĳ¹ϸŰͽ˲

ݼҲƽڳûʲôһȫ˼Яʰ

˼̧ܽҲܴѹȥ
һϦ֮䣬֮

оǣλɲ֪ԵʴŭʥϣݶţΪĩȵĲŮ˽㡣

󹬣Ʒ츲أһʱǵĻ̡̻

Ҷڴ֮󣬱ûʲôʡ

Ƕܿλʥûºͣ˴࣬·һ̥ǡ
¾֮ʱ־

¾̤ů󣬼ڴ߿ѩ˼

˼ϴŲȴԵõ
ԲôõĲƷţսݡ
¶ݹᾣ͸Ų̬İףɫѪԵøۡ

˼ͷҲصɡ
䣬ֿ

¾ǰ뿪ĴְȰ䣬ʥϲδ

˼ȴû᣺̫صҪ£ֻ˵ǣϸ֦ĩ˷ѿࡣ

ǡ¾Ӧ⡣

ֻ黹δ꣬ǡϳܹҩ˳ĻһţӰǱġ

ԭĵ˼ʱ񣬽ҩƲһԣҲû¾ԹԵز
һĿʮеɨĿ⸴
ͷŴҵؿţǣθ

ܹܸæҩϣȰʥϱ塣

˼˻òײͣ£ӹҩ΢΢˶Žǿҩһ

¾ۣȺš

˼ٿʱʵȴ̫ͬ˵ʵ˼𣿡

˼𺣡ԼǱȻǳˡ
Ŀȫǵʬ壬Ǹӡ
ǻúõػϣֻǲԸǧټƵضš

ǲȥӰһԽҲԽԼĲ²⡣
ǵȷûӹ

ݼһֻ۱һֻ۵ĿݡΪǵƺ⣬غǡ

ôΣɵĴҲ޷ͷ

ףǸף˲ڤڤ֮еıӦ

¾⵽˼ŵķӦʱ֪뿪֮صúúõģûй¶ټ
˼ʣûţֻʥϴ˻⣿ס

̫治𣿡˼еżʺ̵ҹ춯ҲѾ
йģҲֻˡ

¾°ڣŲæ¹̾ʥִⲻϽȻʺţ۳νͣҲš

˼صóĬŶ֮͵͵̾˿ٿʱû֮ƣ룺ǰ鵽δˣɡ
˶ٺַԸȥԺѸѩˡ

ܹ¾һ㶣뷴ӦȻʺйأʱӦ

¾治ɫܹ̾˿ůʱԸСͽȥ졣

СͽһͷˮȥʥôͻȻôһ

˭׼ധʥģܹܻͷϲ᲻س£ֻհǡ

СͽͷֳɵҪʲôʽģѵδ

ܹƬ̣̫ӣ򵥵ľͳɡѵůɡ

һƿܼţʥ϶ԣҲ֪ǻο壬Ǳĥ

ƽ㲻𣿡
ȰӴ߻ֽɡϵϸѩһžͼԺеǡ

뾩֮ĸջƣ֮󣬱㲻һһˡţĿڳƽ㡣

ǹ˼ѩжŴ̵Ҷë׵ӵϸĲСõðƴС
Ժǵ£ǸѾ͵ѩˡ
ƫͷʱݰףüģǶˣ˿̸ء

ɣѩʱءѰСµĶʯȻ£ѩ˵ġͷϣ۾

ԶЩţϵĲѩͬãѾˡڵлҽҶŮʶ֣صЩԼƵˣҳ˳ζȹе

˵ٿͣԴεҡҡͷ

û⵽ǵķû룬ֻڿպã²Ҳ

һͬ˷У¶񣬷ȥ޷մϸѩʰ׵Ѿʢںá

ٹ࣬͸ùˣ˹еİ࣬㲻Ҫؼȥ𣿡

ҧſӣԥ˻ǻȥƽ㲻ʣԼһ𣿡
Ҳ£һʱûö⡣

ģáϸ£ϵģǸϲճǣǮ͵Ǳؼҡ
ЩʱദѾЩ飬浽Ҫ뿪ʱᡣ

Ǻ˿࣬ɢЩЦ˵ʲôɵҲжʱˣȻȥѲҪΪҵ飿
ֵֹֻܻȥǣؼǹҡ

СԹ˺ЩڣҲڹӰ

ҧҧ̽ʵȻƽһȥɣǱ߹ˣ






63.   63    λÿ

63

֪ǹﰮ, ɫؽԼǱ߹ʢȰԼȥ͡

û㣬ֻС϶Թ, ȥ˼غ󣬵ǽʼЩҡ

ƽ㣬һȥɡĥĥʰ, ֲиȰҵǺÿ, ھֹʱҲֵúܡ
˵, ˵, һ˻ؼǰ·͵ɰС, ͼıô죿

ĵϴŲ, Ϊ˵Լǰ¶˳, Цõôֵֹĵ

ڨڨЦ䴫ߵ, ֹֻסͷȥ鿴

λ, ܽ, ˶һˡ
˵걻ͯϱǸ岻ڡȲֵ, Щ汲µļҲưܹ⡣
˽ӹ˼е󣬷Ѿ˼, תΪӯʵϵġƹ񡱡

ٺ竷ɫ岡ţûټ, ߬Ҳƣӹú̹

Ҳбڸһ㡣
ϲܽɽˮڴѰլԺסʱڱˣ˵ִϷˡˡź

ûټޣߵȴûȱ˾Уܵķû˵Է|

ԭլԺͲǩԼˣھۣ㾶ֱ뿪ˡ

ȨƵǣзޣҲ檻黨ǲݡ
˼ˣ˵׼Ȥһ䡰
䵽ŮϣѾǹһˣɵñƷС

ʱϵˣֻǾŲƽ

û뵽еլԺµķټ˼ϷӸˣʹ

ҵӱڹϵ·һȱֵʱǰ̸ʱ֪鼫Ϊ˽⣬⣬ƸԼ⡣

Ƕ㲻ϤҲȱǮĽɽ󣬱Ѱ˸ˡ
ֻû뵽⻹ûգ˾

ǻ²裬Ϳʵ죬ôר̹ˣ

˽ºãϵİȹ幤£ֻͬɫĵ˪ѩļԵøӺݡ
Щ걣ˣէһѹѰµĺۼ
̸ֹ͸Ŵݴ󷽣˼ˣ㲻ŵжЩ

մӻ;ֱȲ裬ٿת⡣ЦؿʰһԴȵҪԶţ

ڽ밢ȥģɵػ˾䡣

仹û鶨£ǡóڣؾ˵Լ

ƽĶۣǰŵĴνãǶҲкøУִ¡

ֻһӦ£ٲҪľ¡
ⲻ˴򽻵ݰӴԽ࣬¶ķҲԽ

ֻ֮һĿԣҲðա

Ե鶼ٽڣܲŲ˻硣˰ΰϧ̾˿ˣҲǿˡ

ܵ÷˿УҵҡֻǽӹĴ£ҵȷϾ˼֮ܰæֻ֮ܿڡĦűյЦ

⻰ҿɼˡ˺ЦӦûɣȴûʹ뿪˳

óˣ󶼲䳡ټͶǢ

ɫǣڵҪҪҵգ

հɣָҹԼǰͬ˵ģʱġ

ǳʱûӦϵ£ʱǻͷ˵ֻæȥҪ
ȶζĿһǷӦ˵һĻ

˱ģЦˣҲߣʵҪҪȥʶ

֪Ǽ޹ˣ˷ʱɫƽӦͬԼһνķû顣
Ҳ֪ǲǵظ֮ˣ˵ʱЩ˼ɡ

ǵķӦκǵִֻЩ죬ٴȰȥʶ֪пɴӡ

ЩʾζǲǲͨµСе󣬶پշȡ
֮࣬Щ档

С֣ʲôĶ뿴ûϷǺģ

˼ǰĶ⡢׬Ǯûⷽ˼ȫȫشȥԵˡ
ֱѣ뵽ôһ¡

˿ĺ棬ȴֻܷſģȥûԵģֻȥȱơ٣ܱڼȤ

ҡҧŴƬ̣ճ˿öǾȥɡ

ǿװ򶨣Ѱ˸ڲ˵ʶȥ

Щ͵¥ݲͬϷݲصøЩָȻǴӴ˾Ҳʲô
ֻԼ˿ػؽԺſߡ

˴λʦòúֻܲ񵥱Щ˴սЩЦ֪òá

Ǵۣڴ

ƤҲ̫ˣãá˵˴˼䣬̸ûʲôɻ䣬ϷʵϵŮӣױڲƭҲǺԹ֮󣬲֪˴ϵԴް㲻š

˵䣬һӭ˳˵һ˽ҹҪˬԼˡ

ŵ£ʧԣ˷С̨ۣ̤ףԸİ໽Щ˹

۲ţֻ÷ߴˣǰģЩֺõζԸ֮¶Щʧ䡣

ģЦֱֻǽλÿİˡ

תΪϲհ졣

ǴûΣӿЩ˵ĸо
Щ졣

ƣϲʲôˣ˰ᣬЦʵǽ׳ĻģֱˬĻģ

ǻûϸ⣬˻ЩЩİɡ
˼ʱôģ

ʱС˾Ʋˣ֮Ļвˡһſǰ˵ǰ㣬ݡʲô͵ĶС

ƽǵʳǣ⼸ʶöˣûּƣɵ
˫Ծɰ°ЩãȻ޴롣

Ϊλϵʶ˼䣬ſԱһǣЦͷɣ

գۣ˵ͷ

ʲô룬ֻԶΪͼˡ

ǣĿһɨǵҪֻźߣúкԵģ
˱ƣ͵ǰ٩ҪҪȱ׳׳

Ǳ⻰ЦˣͲˡ

˾ԺˣΪǲţڿЦ˵ѡǲǾ

һµЦɡ
˵ָָ̧꣬ſӣɡ

ˣǰͬλʦī롣˱ƣ͵ЩҲ٣ʣΡÿϲϡ

ϰˣϲƢԣʶδ

ȴ˿׵͹ˡ






64.   64    δԹ֪Լϲ

64

Ϸʱ, ʦ˵ģúá

⻰ȷû
һſ֮Уۼò, īɫǸֻɫѵʼմ۽ޣȱȱ

ֱ֮, ˾̧ۿȥ

ŮӿЩнһɫȹ, ݳĵ
עĿĻ˫һ, Ŀγ, ûӶļɴ

īЩ, Ӧ, ȥԼõȡ

Ƭ̣ƿ, ѾڿľƲˣĥŻȥʱҪҪµĸ

ǺߣǡԾɲ⣿˴ķӦ, Ȼ۹⵹ͦ޵ġ

, ī벻ؿ˹, üͷ΢塣

ҡͷЦ˾ͲҪȤˡ

عҪź, ҪϷоǺģ汧šѰ֡˼

ī, òڴ˼Ƕ⣬޿ɱ⡣
ǳϦദ˼񣬻Сʶĸֻ࣬йӴĳ¾


ǰö, ²һԡ

ټǵȷ

ھʱѧһʱգɣҲû󳤽ֱܷټĸߵˡ

īͬˣŵ㲻׽ӽĹ¸ߡ
ˣȥ֮֡ȴڡ

ǰ֮ڣٲΪ֮·ˡ

ϷߵľƲ֪ʲôģǡĿζƣǶ
ûĵزֻĿЩ
Ҳûʲôģĵ١

˶ûʲôȤгźЩƲˣ׼Էȥˡ

ƳҪ뿪Ҳûվͱ˰˻ȥ

˴ˡ˸ζ

Ȼ˵ֻ𣿡

ɵӣ࣬īԸźģ㾹𣿡

ţǽŽɣƫͷƳۣǡīߣһʱ䲻֪ηӦźá

Ѿôˣڻȥĵ˵˵ǣЦīڴЪ°ɡ
˵㿿гϣͷҲصسţѵúܡ

źϺػعͷī룬ʼδϹҲʱͣ

˻Ҫ𣿡īŻƫ΢ͣƬ̣˵Ъأ

Ǵͬ˻Ծû

īǰ£ǿձ¾ơ

˷·ϲƣīʵΪʲôˣ
˵ţǴɱ͵Ǵߡ

֮ľ࣬Ƕ˶ǷıغƫͷܿЩٺȾҪˡ

ī͵͵Ц˴˴ǲһǰˣ

һǰ̬ȣҹɫ֮£Ī͸Щջ

ȴûϹЩִҡҡͷƿ֣Ҫ

û뵽ܾī£ĬƬ̺ʵòãз˲𣿡

ûҧҧֱԵԼԵʡ
ҲǡէȲ֪˵Ҳֽ֪ôڲǲڡ

˲ؾнīִŵᣬʲôֻҪźͺá

ǲԾüû

ī̧֣üģ޳ָ⣬ȵգһ

īᵽϵѬ㣬򲢲ζûܿ

ֻǽأ֮ĽӴٽָ
īգʲô䱦ƵģЩС

ûи飬ȴԾֵܱøܽǴ˴ǵı¡

в˻УǿеԼԽԽûס㿪ˡ

īĿתؿδѯʣע֮£ǻǽ͵Ҳϲ㡣

˻δԹ֪ԼϲīЦĴָĴ꣬ȻѾˣηһԣ

Ǳ˵룬á
䣬㱻˴

īĶŵĺᣬǲ|ǵ´ʱʱóݼҧţ˿롣
ƷĺԣᣬִЩǿӲ
ۼɣνü

δܣȵڷֿʱҲûīеԣĿⷴӳǱС

īһƤңټˣû뵽˴졣ǱƵƵ֣ΪΣ

Թˣǲ˲䴽ǣ侲۵̸ᣬȷҲ㲻ϲ

ûа취ϻС

ǲοԼҲûΪ˼ƷܽϲΪ֮
Թˣܡ
ǾûҪ˷ʱ뾫ˡ

öԭãȻִһȥ
ǿ۴ҹɫ֪ʱٻȥѾˣǰͬ񳶻ʱѾԼҹܲؼңҲûʲô˼ɡ

ͲضˣǸֿī룬Ըҵɡ

ī뻺εؿЦá

ǾôϷЪһҹʲôûڶһʰ׵˸˿ź󣬱һ뿪ˡ

˵ܽȾһůͣյ峿ƫأǴ϶ñöԼʵʵ
ȿ쵽סʱ㣬Ӧûãڸİ˰ӣ˳·ȥ

ֽԶԶƳԼǰվ˸ˡ

θߴվñֱϡЩӪĺۼƤһ
ôһ˲Լ֪ʱй¶ݣˡ

ͣסŲֱżŴ򿪣ؽ̸ţ˿
£λ˳ļˣصؼȥġ

ƳǻһɨűѵʱɣԼֳܵǵҽΧһֱߣĶշλˡ
ߣЦӯӯֳɡ

ǽİӸֳһֻǻûڣģЩʧ̬ҲؿЩ

ǰˡ
ǰйʱСѾ߳й䣬Ÿǻأڸ˵Ц֮Уɡ

ȴѹûϳ˹֣лСçײԣЩظ˲鷳շˡ

ǰԼһѣʧ̬ģؿҲҲ١
˵ţµɽš

۹ٽףӦǸйҹѹûܳϯ»ʺ󡱾Ǻģ뵽ⱳలš

ֻҪţʲôҪ






65.   65    С

65    

صѰ, ȷΪҳߵá  

۰ӣΪѰ˴£չ黹ûס𣺡ǶԵﰲŵ², һԲϾҳߣôöϻȥĵ  

ҵ, ҲõýȥҲίĹĵط, 㲻ڼ, ûʱ, ޲ðҶء  

ɼ, šü, ֻδھͱǸˡ  

һֱżУҲѾʰ׵, վҪ̻ȥءǸ˸񣬽˰, ǸˣǡÿԽس̡  
Ȱ, ֪ʶȤرÿ, Цȥ࣬ġ  

ɫ, Ϳصл  

ֻʣöˡ  
ԼҺľԽһ飬ȥؿ, Щֺʵƽ㵽Ǳȥڣһ˹ġ磬Σ  

λ·˰࣬, úúøлǡɶԴ˵ûʲôֻǶ˾䣬֪ĳ  

ҡҡͷʵƽûҲû  

˶֮οɥֶ⣬ǰǲù  
ֺαطҪٸʵףҲʹأ  

Ҳûϸȥתͬ  

λȥٱҶô죿ôţҾͻƽڼжˡ  

ҪԡԴ𱸵Ƴһֵۣǵ治ϲιӣǾˡֻͰܲܳٳٲףڼкú࿴  

˸ۣװױʾԼĲ  

ЩԼģЦˣȿڲ軺˻˸Ȱ㲻һֱС𣿻ؼȥúʰһʱ  

ǰһ̻࿴֮²мһ˵⻰̬ȴģ˶˲٣æ׷ʵ˻棿  

ɼⷨЧǺЦҺƭ㡣  

ɰеİײϷӿţһ㶡  
ҹƣϷûЪõԵʣ°ֻŶͷʹ  

ȵһాã䣬û֣㲽ؽ˳  

ƽžͺã  

۽ü͸ϲɫǰǲ鲻Ը̬ȻͬǺʲôϢ  

δЦ˵ؼ֮ҪҼС  

һ  

ʢ࣬Դ˲˽⣬صؽ͵ҶǰפأСʱǶͬţҶ絲ǹϵõ֮  
˵ͲȴǸ͵ˡ  
ݣСоӹΰؾ֮ʥء  

һʼСǸࡣ  

ʱ£֪֮٣븵ͬУ֪ʶҲûϵǵĹϵá  

Ϣǽ˿  
ŵù۹⣬ܽȵˣӬӪ֮  

Ҳ˵ɻδϳиϵڣҲʲô鷳  

߶߶˼ضЦʵĪĽλСɣ  

΢죬ȴûڣ̹ϵʱͻļ飬ǼС  
ˣԹԵسûΣ᲻᳤ɷģǿɲС  

Цҡҡͷᡣ  

ĳ࣬롰ɷĸְ㶼մߣƽؿǸģʵɡ  
էһ˺ɳϵĺģ  

ǲΪλ뾩⻰ʶԼӡ  

ԴˣҲּɡ  

ǰھʱ˼︵ඨסѹûϣһǾŴ¸øԼ⣬Ҳ벻ʲôʵѡ  

ǻ񣬵ǱȾЩǸʡ  

Ϊˣ˵ԼҪ磬ץ˰ѱҹѾ㽫ʰò룬˵ȥĻûзڵĵ  

֪һ⣬ٻؾ֮иڣ˳Ӧ  

ǣܽȥչ  
·ȤҪôƣҪôǲԼֳнԼص֡  

ڳбĿδ廰е֪˲ٸ顣  

ǰã˼ִ֪˼ŭ£ûò˸ְͣ˼Ĵ  
Ҳûżйϵ߶飬ң˾ǡ  
һ޹һᡱļơ  

ǰҪƽǼ棬Ǳ಻ԶھֺȾƣʱܽһ档  

ͷӦνġϡûȤδ׷ʡ

ǶԴ˵ǡ
˼ǰøֻ࣬ԵʣΪǽϽĵϵȨϢϢء
ʲôҪ£˼һ£Ӧֵزд·ɲ赭дŶԡ

ɻ󣬵ʣֻҸ  

ǣҵ㽫СŮ˻Ӳ˼䣬Ȳ꺮ůʱԲЩų˿  

Ūԭί֣µǵлʰź  

ͷգ񱻵ʶòӦ£˿гŹ䡣  

ƽǱܽҪЩǳǰԼʵʵֻ¶˫һۡ
ģ·ʱʱ޵Ц⡣  

װ磬ڽϼţҶϲȤ˾䣬߱ͬǽȥھֿΣ  

Ƕ»˸¯ЦðһûʶھǺģء  

ھ븮ۡԶһ֣ѹҪصس˳ʱ͵ˡȼŵģݵʯʨӣԼƮ졣  
Ҷּдšʤھ֡ĸ֡  

ضţһɫҴҵسţ֮ͣ½ŲͬкСʦãǻˡʲô£  

ʦò֪Լҳߵ¼ضѾھдڨڨЦʦֻæȥҾǹ  

ʦֿľȣûϵػ˻⣺õá˸ѹֵͬǹУֵúܡֻϧ⻹µð죬ҪȻǵҲ³ͬȱȡ  

ɴۣȲǽţЩɣСô֪һ  

ಽظ󣺡ǻûüɡ

û߼·ԼĶ
ƹǰܼԺı䳡ķʯש̾ͣһԵľϣŵǹչźâ  
Χ⣬˸߲ҵؿ̨˱ȶ  

һ۾ϳɫװθĸࡣ  
÷ǹխ׳ԣǹ|˲Ӱרע΢ǡ  

⻹ǻͷؼŸ˹У֪սۼ⵶⽣ӰǲЩǡ

ھֵͷܿҴĵĿתؿţѹͬǽҵȽŹ򣬾ʱѧġ  

ĿתؿţԴ̸˽⣬ܿս£ĽֹԵ  

˻СͷҪˡ  
ЩϧĿ䵽ӰϣȴЦ  

󣬵ȷǸռϷ磬|ǹ˹֣ˡ  

ͷûӮ黳£һԹսЦȻӢ۳꣡  

ѾԹһൽȥ÷ĥŸôһԼӣһͼŲԶ  
ԴεصһۣܣҴǰͬǸСá  

΢΢ףЦʺﰲá  

Цӯӯˡ  

λСõѣҲҼҵϱ

֮ȥȴûʲôķӦʺ˾䣬ѹûϳ

Լܲ͸磬δڣôҲϵڴ˴ϲ֮е¡  
ǲû룬ҲûƣʩʩȻһ






66.   66    

66

ؽ, ӿ

ȥ
̫һ˼𣬲ͷٽЩ, 㽻ܡ

ǰȻʺʱͷԣֻܱ, δй֮ģԡݶȥǸͷ񡱡

ԭΪܶѹ, ѹ˶, Ǽ֮䡣ôҲûϵ, ǡְ, ̵, Ȩ䵽Լ

Ҳϲ, Ž蹬ͷ˼顣

˼ѹûʩչĻᡣ
ѹûѺ֮·, Ĺʣӷæе˿, Ըȥյ͹, Ҳָ˰㡣

Ȼʺûˣʥϵȴ, һʱĲ

һ, ͼ֮

ǰס˵ʹŵѧȻʺװ磬԰Сżʥ, Ҫ衣

û𷣡

̻ʥԶԶͤеİɺ󣬴ǰ߽ģ£Ȼŭ
ɪɪ¹ģɱٺ㡣
ڶԼع

֪£û˵̾˿ҲǷɵλʥϣǺúŪ

һδƽһ
ǱߵϢ˵ԱԾ

˼йɨһ壬û顣ﲢ֮£ԭ˾λƽնףɢɢ

ۣݶšλᵽƫɽ㲻ó

Ȼʺʱֳ֮֮Щ񲣬ص֪ûܱסһ겻
˭Ҳû뵽ˡ

ϪˣСг軵ˣԵúܡڹʱû򽻵Ϊ˽⣬䣬ûֵ˿ȷá

ʵҲһˣЩҹΣĸҡϢϢأһپһ
˭ҲӲ

ЩˣֻʷڣԼͲʥģҲֻܲݲ¡

ŮֻϼλҲá

˷ܾźʱ˲ã̫֮Щ

δȽزǳʧʥĵԵʡ

ǰݼҳ£ҲɻѣϽ˵Ϣ֪Ȼʺ֮йأǽɻ
Ҳȷ׼ݼûĻᡣ

˵ºǳ֮£Ȼʺ֮ͬһ̣ݼûʲôţʥնδϾɱҲá

̫ҽȥǰٳˡŶǣԸ

Ӧհ졣

е֣̫䲻֣ҲĿҪû©

飬ֵĻ΢΢̾˿ȵʱ˶಻ʤƵƵ£ȷá£һֶֻ꣬δЩ

̫࣬ܲǺͷ

Ŵǣصǰгӯ󹬣|ĸʥûӦ˼ʷܺԼļָ㽭ɽ

˼Ǹ߸ϵĵô࣬Ҳûͷ¡
ģзӻؾ

й˴µķ˲٣λͷʷùͷһʱû˸¡

ģҲȥûȤ̫ۣƵȻʺ˭˵ûãŰɡ

͹һƬţСؽң˼˯֮Уûҳš
Ƴ¯еİȼԥһ˲ûϡ

ǰҹ䣬ֵʥ˭һŵû궼ûˡ

ܹðһأ̫ҽ˵ǰõ̫֮࣬ʥ϶Ȼʺ˻þ
ǳض塣

˼󣬷Ĭã̫ҽȰ棬𽥼ٰķ

ֻôһҹߣ⾫񲻼á

ѵ˯ŵ˳ȥͬػ̵跿ȥȱůůӡЩģʥѺ˻㡣

̵лҪ뿪ĶʲôҪ£ǵĻһǶʥϰɣˡ

㲻ϣ֪ʥϵ֮ˣҲûڵǸٰˡ

ͷЦǾͺá

˳ѩѩۡ

ţӵů¯ڷЪϢ
ҲסѰŽڵãھֱ󣬱û

ʱʱȥ󻹻ͬתһ丵ʶ㡢ãǫϽͬǱһ

о״ʱ䣬춯֪ˡ

ûյĻ죬֮󣬺εɥ

ôˣǻû⸱ģʱףе˭㲻ˣ

Ƕ£ӹȲ裬˻Թؿڵòͬ˵ԼѾˡ

Ըһͷȣ⼸ն˳ģ׸໰޵˼Ǳͷˮʱ侲
Ҳ̸ѹЩΣҲ֪Ǻá

Ҳסˡ
븵ϵ㲻Դ˺֪顣

˿ڲ裬ӲͷƤ룬ܵдʣרȥ˶磬ŵȷôһ¡

ǡ
ɼ֪£Ͳǣ߲Ŷԡ

Ҳֶ磬ǰľˣ˵ǹͼˣ˭֪ء̾˿ͬǽ¡

˵ǹһͬ÷ӾԴ˷ֱ𡣸ҵȥ磬ûԵ׾죬Ҳֻ÷ţ뷽跨Ͷ
ǽҵ磬˭֪ûͣС÷ڼˣ͹ѵ˷ϲǡ

ӵϲǺ󣬼Ȼˡ
ҵиˣԼҲûǣңӧǱ

һӦʱ˿׼˷飬պá
ûܻŻŽͻؼ硣

ΣǴһ˻

ǷûóҲûԼ÷ԭôЩȥӦ֮Ժ󣬲Żǣߣȴûܷ¡

ƽ㣬˵ôôᡭΣ̧ۿǣŷҲ֪Щʲôյ̫߬Եʣָڷס

̽ȥǰ˻֣ƽ㣿

ȣγƵӦȴֲ֪˵ʲôźȲĹȥʧ̬̾˿ǰ

ûͬЩһ֪Ȼе֪е𺳱κ˶Ҫء

൱ѶټоԵ
᲻ʲô

һֱûܴӴг׻ҪҸʸ

Ҳ˵ݲʣ棬Ҳ֪οڡ

Ѿδйʱ

ҹշת࣬ȴŴ⴫ߵֻ鿴

˭ɻƿ븵˸档

һڵѣҹɫ֮С
ǵԲۣŴû

£ЩЦ⣬ҡ






67.   67    

67

һֱڶ϶ƮСѩ, һ·ϡϸף֮, մƬϸѩ
ѩȴЦ⣬üĿʡ

ӯŵƻ, ҹɫ֮УԵøۡ

Ƕĵ޷, ضŸ࿴Ƭ, ֱ, γƵš

ϴŨصĺ, ѩůڻ, ˿ʪȴԴ˺⡣

ǿŶ, ʶ££Ѱ˿ݹȥ, æǰæصյ²裺ôͻȻʱ
˵һ룬ʶ, 漴ʵ, ʱ֪ڴ˴ģ

Ȼǰھ֡һȻģ, ЦʵòΪ, ʱûϳɣ

Ǳ˵˼һʱԶԡ

ϲ㣿ԴһЦ֮͵˵ǿŵ, ǵöСģһҳϹϵй¶ݵķաϾ

ţͻȻֹסͷ˼ɣ漴׷ʵϾʲô

ԥƬ̣żйʥʼδѶǲҵĹϵԪﶼûŹ

Ƥһ
뾩֮ǻϵֻͱ˼

ְͣ뾩ȴһʧʥĴǣ˵׼ǲӰҡ˼еӰ̸Ϥ¾ҵġ

Եʣʱδֱ񣬲ѰźʵĻᡣ

ʼյǣȴգȻʵ⡣
֪ǣӦɵԼ

ȻԵɺײһҲ޶ãŷ˷ۣϢسҹɫ

йû̽еϢ˼Ķһ֪긵ĽԴε̾˿ִԲ򡣡

˼ǵѵԣȴֻš
ҪżˣҲС

ŲյȻعһ̧ǡײרעĿ⡣

֮üʵЩЦʱԵò׽ӽǰ˱֮ʱȻȴ
ȴȻͬ
ʼմЦ⣬֮£Գֳ͵

Ǵǰֻ൱ܵܿδйԵ˼ɰһټĿתģ㲻롪
˵

ʵĻǼǹţһʳڣ㸲ˮա
к˽սţòײάϵסϵƽ͡

ˣᱻǿɻȥòԹɫĿһֱϣûʲôͿĲԾ

㡭ʲôʣ
䲻ʲô̬ȴýֹ

õؿûü룬ʶؾúõģôְͣ𷣣

𷣿ء
Ǹ߸£˼֮͵·ҲһϦϵ£ͷֱ˹ְ
ȫ˼顣

˵¸ھбŲʾԼú÷˼̬ȡȴƫƫ뾩һӲɵļƣҪ˼Ÿɡ

˵˼ʲǵխ֮ˣ˾٣ҲʵЩðա

֮ʥЩ磬ҪְҲûʲôҪֵңڡ಻̸ͬ˼˼תʵأЩӹΣ

ͦõġƬ̣ڵŲߣֱ֡

ԭѾЪ£æֻഩ˼δɢ󣬹ϺõĳС
вԾشЩ渵ЩѰС£ȴܽȤζ
Щ

ҹɫŨѩԶмһյ΢΢ζ
ʱ󣬻ͷܡ

ж֪پѾĲˮڵգһƽȥٵȹڣ͸ûؾȥˡ

ǵͷҴո֣Щʱվͻܽ򡣡

ҵ˼Ӧ뿪ʱöԻȥ
ǶԴԤϣҲ̸ѹֻźĺ磬븵໥ཻȥĪЩȡ

ת˲ţǲûйӰµЦȥɣطļǹҡ
ۺʱεأҶὫԼӹá
ˡ

ĥãջδ£ҲˣֻǾŲ塣

븵֮䣬㲻ͬ·ˡ
иȥҪǲ㴰ֽȥϸ鰮˴ͽŰˡ

Ӧźֺع

ѩ붼൲ȥ
Ƿ˨ͷ¶ɻ飺ôˣ

Щʱ˵ĻԴεҡҡͷһɨüۼЦԵټʱͬ㽲ɡ

Ǹ紵ҵ޷á

źϣ˷ѩҲ˵ѹ¡

ҹ󣬸ͣ˼գ֮󣬱ǰ㶯ƽǡ

뿪գǸѵõĺ
ǵݲʺȥͣԺпɹ̫ʱ˲

Ǹÿӣ븵Ҳûʲô꣬ܺգͻָԭˡ
ģҲ͵ﰲŵ࿴
ڣܽһЩ

ͷãֵУǿܳȥúһ⡣ףַ˷ֻһĨڣҪôö

ǼһͷˮԼտʼʱģЦ࿴ȻͶˡ

ǿ˵׼£ٸģѧһأҲһϲͨ

ǽŵҳƽЦ
տʼŮѧ黭ʱҲôʱѡֻӲͷȥ֮㽥

˻£ƮԶ˼ٶ£ɴȥ

*

Ϧ͹

ɫһ簵£ٹù͸ÿϯ鷿еԾδͣ

̵ĹǶ֪ʥϽ鼫˭ҽŴš

ܹܵ͵͵ؿŹȥ

ʥ䲻ƴǰǰ˵Ȼʺķϣ͹ҪЩ
ʶż֮ʱƵ

󶼻Ӧ£ȴ¶ɫȥùͷ

ǵŮ˭˼µĲζ

ۺѣߵصһԳϦҹ

ž۵ϲʱڣ˼Ըһĥһ֮ɵĴҲӳΪ

ʱ˼ֲء
ȥٵòֻƬеĻ䶼ĥе޹鴦

ȻʺԭأҲϵ˴

ԥƬ̣ܲܵﳣܹܣֻ÷е޼һ÷֦ڰƿУǰȥ

ųţǡ˻

ǰʱһĸ
˼һ㣬ǳº󣬲û͹Ե̴ӣֻϼʻҪе֪ǵĶ

ûκϢ

ҧԼ֪飬Ҳоݣ֮£ͳҹ뿪ʵʵ
ôʣҲδĿڡ

ʵ߬űĵƣȴûϡ

Ҳ֪˼ںεȿûҪѶ֮µʹЩʱҲ˻

㲻͹Ĺ£¶棬ƽҲ

캮ϸɫãͣסŲصض˾䡣

ЦЦҪʲôȥ

ｫ齲ε̾˿ܹҵʹԽԽ˳֡

ɫʱȥӦҲòˡ

ϦĴ£ȵʱδ©˼û浽ͷĵز᲻ܲˣ
ϻλҲ͵Ӧְ𣬲

ǰߣŸյǡϷŴڴ򿪣˼

»֮£ǸΣҹɫ֮ԵЩڵ˲ֱӡ

ܹظæԸǰڼݣ¥ȥ

ü۵뿪ټ͹ʱ££䣬ѭŷʥϵĿ⣬ŵ㹬ơ

ȻʺʱƵĹơ
ЩĽƵĹȣԵЩ׾ӣϵֻ㲻϶ãϡƽˡ

˵ʲôȱżУϲŪЩʱ䡣Ҳ֪⡰ѵǴ֮áƳ֮ûùһֱڿ֮ⷿС

ǰЩʱգ˼µľѰƣŽ˹˳

ͷ˻£Щᡣ

ȻʺֻЩҹ㣬ȴǸܺúܺõˣֻϧûźʵʱʵˡ






68.   68    ˼Ǹݣ

68

ͱ, ǹ˸ݵڣʢ֮ǰס˼ա

չҪ뿪ġ
˵Ҹÿ, ϾԼļҡ

ȹԪڣǿǱֵĻƻ󣬱㿪ʼʰ, ׼̻ܽ

ǰҳôЩʱգֳĿ֮, ˴˹ʶﲻٱ, 򰲰ȵڼС
ôһ, 㲻ǻȥˡ

ǳϦദ, Ҫֱʱ, ᣬЩ̡

Щ굹ϰ˷ֱ, Ҳвᣬ޲ɢϯ
ᷢвܳ, 

Ҫ뿪ȴܷο

ʱͬ, һ·, ɽľ£ġɵ˻سʱ, ķ羰ҲȤ·;Եø

ȵܽ, Ϥľ˿ЩĲŻؼ֮ЪϢ, ǡƳ·ԵĹŶӣ¡

ӣһϮɫۣһǳڵòۡ
ĿдЩȣ˹

ֻҹɫʵĵƻԼȻط꣬˻ֱʻټ˺󣬲ǷӦϷݼī롣

ԭļ¸ǰҹžķݣҡͷЦ
û϶ת۾֮Ժ

գⶼһ㳾Ժ÷ǿøˡлǲԼĳ򣬽ʲűźãʼʰᡣ

⣬ǻЩǵز
иھӼҺǵǹ죬Ҳи˵ҲûǷ⣬лƽصշ

Ǹܽʱز죬ͷߡΪѣǽ˵ƶɹġ

û⣬Ҫͬߵ˴ùϵԷһʲôⷢ
Щ⣬ʱ˴򽻵¶Բѡ

һ·۳Ͷ٣ǽдʰѾЩãŵ֮ٵá

˵Ҳɣ˺Ȳ裬⴫˹ˡ

ʱǰţЦŻỹûʰ׵з˼Цˡ
˵꣬յ裺ҴǴĲҶ˳

ô˵ҵǸˡ
Ǹ˷粻Ц͸µױݣ֮ܿǰ˲٣ڹòɡ

ǲɫջĿ⣬ֵһЩǱߵزĥոȥ

ǹҡǲ㣬͸ǣǣҲͬ㶵Ȧӣعæ

ԴˣǾѾԼ죬̬УҲǰǰѣֻӦеʲôѴȻΪ

̧Ŷǣ̾˿Ϊ⡭

ǰʱ˾ͶǰæͷʱִšһʱѰźʵƹ񣬴ԼЩӦȥ

ƫƫǰЩԶ岮ݽ£ǱߵҲ˱ʣԹȥѹ㡣

ôһ֧穡

ЩʼտңȴŴпٳЩǮ˲˿Ȳ裬ųƫƫһӶǡ

ʵеĲ²⣬ʵ룬ʱմΪտ⣿

ǡ΢΢ףԴεǿϣһƸ㵱ƹ񣬳þõشء

ɺ񰮣ǲɡҡͷЦҿԴΪһʱգ鷳ٽȥ

˴һʼ֪ǵ򣬲ûָ̫࣬¼ϴӦѾ㡣
л֮漴̸ˡ

ǴǰϷӸˣҵľ˽⣬Ųˮһֱĵɫ

ϣ˸ͶԵϧ֮С

еĲˮһپѹŵĵ˲٣Ҳĵ٩
ᣬ˵ҹϷ֮¡

㵱ôīһ˿ǵĿЩİ˵īרͬ㣬ѵõĺܰ

ǱˮǺֻɻؿ˻ȥ

ī˵㲻ϲɵƾ͹˵ģĸԸǮҲڣȴҲûʲô̬ȡǣҿǶ⡭

ḧؿ˳Σ˼ҵǿ

ף곡Ϸˡ

Դ˵Ҳ̸ֻᷳǾûҪ
ԸŪݡϣֻǽﺢͯǶʶϣҲΪ˷ʱ⡣

ʱͣס˻ͷͬЩ飬ֻǰζظп˾䣺ǣúѡ

ǽЩЦ

ŪԼҪʲôҪʲôǼ׵£Ҫ͸ˡ

ڹʱйһλججӣܾĥǴѡ
Ժ󣬱㿴øЩ

˼Ǹݣδѵˡ

ǶԣӣץŲûκκôӦǰ³֮ȴǲ͹ȥƫִ׼Ųκΰ衣
շ˪ۣԺеĻһƬǵԺ͹Ĺ˶սսģٻʲô

˼ҲʼûгӰ
ƾ޾ݣƾܲ⣬ҲܲϷһϣ𺣣ֻԶԶߡ

ǰǵùʷǰ֮ǴϢģŲףҶԺָֻ֮š

Ӿôһţ봺֮ݳݺɣǴ飬˼Ƶķݡ
ֻõ֮ⷿзһ飬ǷѰ˹ȥ

˼źôЩʱգƢս˽⣬ɫܴ²¸߷֡
һţ;Ծ

˼ۿŰϵżĿɫϲĪ档

ûϼ飬һʱֲ徿ǸˣǲáԾؿЩ˼ɨǰͷѾҳˡ

˼ĬƬ̣׵ɡ

հ죬ˮʱƳϵżҴææ䣬бϳʺ󡱶֡
£漴߬еɰû©

죬첻Ҷʱ˳ȥ

ǳͻȻݼףΪȻʺʹļףȴδлŵĿܣʥ˼ȣħˡ
ȴЩֱЩӭײϻع

һѣʧǵģɻôˣ

ҡʶҡҡͷ̲ס˵Ȼʺ᲻ỹ˼䣿

ɿ֣º߬¶ȵ飺Ϊô˵

Ҳˡգ֮¸߻񣬳ɵǲҲŻ

ͬţµЦЦǡ






69.   69    ˣǲǶϲ

69

ôЩ, ˵;տ⣬ԭҲ׬Ǯ, ֻҪ뿪ʱ䲻©͹ˡ
ԣ㲻϶ѵ¡

Ӧ£ľľ, ƽմʱ䶼ҵϣûǰС

ߵ͵˵ķԸ, Ҫ, Ȼֵƹ, Ծ΢, ﶼûۡ
ֱʶǶϵ˽, ԼϵֶΣŽóϷ

ȵϤ֮, Ӧ֡Ψһյģ, ǡīˡ

ûϷȥ˵, īӦκǽŵʱ, š

ͷؼʱǴⲻ, ȴī뾹
νֲЦˣͿӦ, ܿѰ˸뿪ûʹ

û룬żĴˣɲ롣

ʱߵСѾ, ЩԾųԷʱƽ㣬λĪǲǶⰡ

īģܻˣ̸ֹס
粢֪īϷݣ֪֮ġǰԵֻλ˼ҵ湫ӡ

£ʻ󣬷ĥ˻Ҳʲô

Ƕī벢Ȥ˵ǰ㣬ҲøˣֻĪϾװװˡ

ߣҲδ¶Ҳơ
˼ȥԾɲԼʲôֵīǵġ

ƽ㲻ϲ𣿡ҧſӣпĪӿͦõģһ˲ţ䵭ǰȴº͡

ɷнµīĺôţȴûȥ

ҲᱻЩԻ
ɾ˼֣ԹۣʵĶ

ټī룬Ϸ԰ӡ

Ϊ˱Ҫĵӣλ˷Ϸ˲СĹŽ̸סϯЩƣȵɢȥʱѾм⡣
Ϸ԰ӲϤ֪ںδ߲ˣ·ԽԽƫƧ

ǰ۵ĶͷŵδȥѰ۴Լȥһתī롣

ԶԶؿ㣬صظǡī飬Цʵ·ˣ

ǺӦ

Ǿ߰ɡīظͣסŲԴεؽ͵żϷŵȷǴɣΪ֮

Ǳ˼ȴδΪ飬ʵô˵ǰйΪ֮

ɫ죬ȻѾЩ⣬ӦȴǺܿ죬ʵһѪī뱻ҭ£еһ£ζҪô룬ҲǲС

ûģɵĻĬ

īǲǻپ˳Ϸⲻڡ

еչ£չ黹ûסʵòã
ԳƵЦ֮

ɫȻ˿˺̡

̧ۿ˻ȥĥŸôҪԼ˷ʱ䣬һЦЦġī롱

ѭȥλŵķˡ
ᣬϣǸ˴Լˡ

˸棬֮ī룬ֻԽӲôࡣ

һ۾Ϳ֮жԹͣŲԶϷ԰ӵۣƲīߡ

īصû뷽跨ȴǷ˸ˣ£Ҳ鷳ģֻǸѡ

ǲԣֻƳֹī룬ЦԶЩҲǧȻݽȥʱҪˡ
˵꣬ʩʩȻ뿪ˡ

īɫûܱסԵЩʧ̬뿪֮漴ǽ͵Ҫĺ

𣿡Ƿ˾䣬ҵţλ˿š

һֱ֣ǰ飬׹

ҹϷݣī̬ȳƵ룬Ȼûʲô¡ڱʱſʼС˵ЩĸԸ˰ȴƫƫġ
Ҫ֤ʲôƵġ

Ǻ˼ЦˣǲǶϲԵò

ǰ˼ѧû뵽ʱãó

꣬ͬԣȥ

һͣԭѲ٣ȴʹ㿪ʼĿй˻ӣЩ⽻ȥ

ţֻ򾪺͵һͣ

ôˣʱ࣬ƿ⿴ȥ

úõţѾͷ֪ðģôײ򾪻δﻹ͸Щ£Сȥ鿴ǹơ

ǳѹų£֮ȥ

ڣССģϡ϶մң¶󡢲˺ۣǴӳƵġ
ˤڵʱŶͷ˴Ѫ

̽̽ıϢ˿š

ȱϳƿʾ⳵ŽȥһȥտԸȥҽݡ

*

Դְͣжȥϵĵӣ¡

ЩûйǰҪݣǰܺӣȥҴҡصûԼġ

ǰ뾩Եɺ֮ҼǣƽǼ档
ԭŻؾ֮͸ó䶨ǹٸԭְҲáҲգܸи֪ۡʥϾǽƵģʼδ

ʥϾΣ

ĺսȣķھ£޿̣ʵ˳̫

Ҳûס¾˿²裬ʥϵ˼ԽԽѲˡ

˼ռλʱˣʵƣ϶͸ɬԴ뿪һ󣬵͸顣
Ϊľٴ룬Ҳټŷĸ
żרУĴ

ȵ۵ĻУ˼ǵ̴ۣԱȣϳǴ󶼱ο

¼ƴΪӣǱ˼ʵ¾ٻָֻšԹۣܾλʥսĬı֮£ѹԽԽصĲ
⡣

¾ǰΪ뿪֮ὥ뿪ֱ񣬲ûкתļ

Ѱźʵʱһһѡ¾ŵ

ಢǵȶ߹竣ôȥǶҪгˡ

˵Ҳɣ¾ûüţ˼ֺôˣȻּ

ĵͻȻҰ۷׷ףʥϵ˼󶼾С;ǵͷˡ

Դ˲飬ּɡ
һھдˣ꣬ʱʱܻٲͳߵ

ͬʱŲԾܾ͸ŹŹ֡

ʥּµüߵҲ಻ҵ飬ֻôҴʰ̡

ܷܷЩʱԪԶȥˡ뿪޹һ󳹵ٲǴǰǸΨΨŵŵС
һ⣬ȥԼİŽѡԼ

뾩ǰգھ¥һǽС

ֱ¸ʵػصУȴŸ֮ˡ

񣿡ǵԵϳʱѲ٣ôˣ

֪ںδûáȻʺƺǡ

㲻ָգҲ֪ʵ˭иֳԤУ£

͵͵̾˿ʥѾ֪






70.   70    ǣҽȥ𡭡

70

, š
ãڵȵ˽Ǳߵ鷳װƽɴһ, æ⽻˻ȥ

ǰǰæ࣬Ҳ㡰Ҳҽ׵, ©û׬˲Ǯ

˵֪, Щ÷뿪
κǵ̬ȸ, ֻ, һʷı, лԼɹѹء

ǰԵ, ܵöߣصпպ, ǼǴŲŲڼп״ʱ䡣

ƽ, ЩĹϹ

⴫Сǿе, ͷҲ̧ػ˾䣺л

С漴Ӧ, Ƭ̺һӵĹϹĿ

̧ۿȥ
ʱģ, С̱ɫࡣ仹СС, ʰøɸɾ𪣬˫ˮۺϲ

С̾ǳײײµС

С˵, Լ˸̵Ѿߣĸ򰤷˲ٿ࣬䲻ӳ
˭֪תֱӶϣڼУҪֻǼǮû̸£
һأ֧ŵ·ߡ

СҽһѱһؽԼǼ˺ۣв̣㽫ߡ
ҲûָźԼȨ顣

ϲ̸˵صͬСȥԵʣԵЩĬԣɻ¸ɾ䣬ǻҪЩ

ͷؼʱΪԾСͣ˵ԼʱͰиɹũ

񲻴ܳԱɨеĹϹС̵ϲʲôֻȥԣعҡ

С̵ͷȴû

ϰС΢ӣǿһЩԴεض˵˶ٱ飬ǰؾн

С߬ǹӣۿţƬ̺ҧҧ
Сû˴ãһʱʴӡ

ǿѣ׼˵Щʲôȴֻߴ

ûӦСѾƵ˳ȥӢĺŮӡ

ϳʦ㣬ʱá

Ѻ;˴Сʦ˳Щʦ㽫еİ£ִӻһ˵ǹļ顣

飿
һͷˮûſȿͿصлȲ衣

ڶӻڵţöൢ飬ͲˡʦˬʵЦû˿ڲˡ

ԽͳţصУЩãȻزνļ顣

ӳǸּ
ǵƵؼһĿʮɨ󣬽ԭءǴȵ죬ϵѪɫȥ԰ֽ

Ϊⱻ˼Ѱҹ֮Ǿж˵ϵ伣

ҲûѰټ

˭Ҳûϵ˻Ϊϵطꡣ
ڽǣδϣҹȥʱҲȷһʧŹȥ

Ӱصĸ٣ʵκ⣬˼ȴϾʹգϼŲ飬ڻǴƵģץµĺۼ

ﻮʱʱԼһӡ
뿪һֱ˼տġ֡ϣҪԼġ

κ첻ԸȱЩ

˼յʱӦѾִ޳Īδܼʱæ
⣬·
˼֮䣬뿪

ţʱ˴ǰڹеӣѾδҹˡ

ô࣬Ҳŵôֻ鷳

ݺԼһѣǿԼ侲濴һ飬ȥ
μк׵¯֮и֮һ档

˵Ѿ׼·ǲû׼հ죬һǲǣˣҲġ

˼ȻὫߣ˵׼Ҳᶢµ񣬽ӴԽ࣬¶ķҲԽ

ҪѣֻϢ뿪
ˮ뽭ټ

Ƕ¯˻Ȼö⡣

ѾȥûţҪ߻ࣻլõߡѵﶼ£װеߣֻҪţ˱Ѱ֮ʱŻᷢ뿪

ţ񣬶СǵǵĿ⡣

ƽ㣬ɫãС̷»бŵĲ𣬹е岻𣿡

ûҡҡͷԥ
Ե׾£С̡

һʱò⣬ֻʰϸһ˵š

Ƕ˼ԻʳǱ֮ǿ˹ҹ֮׼뿪һ̶顣

ùˣС̳ϦദҪźá

ƽ㣬С̿ʰõİ۰Ͱ͵ؿţɵҲҪ𣿡

Сģܻܷܷ͵ǲҪ㡭ֻ鷳뿪ǵշתأûʲôӡһˡ

Ҳ³Կֻ࣬ҪƽҡС߬䣬С󣬻ܰɻء

ӲС̰˻ڻ˿ڡ

ǰйľڣǶԴ˼죬ֻ׻ϴѰºŵƱϸ˴ˮ·ٻ·ߡ
ʱǰչʱǳҹɫϢС̻

ԼҪδ˶ңҲᱻΡ

뾩ôãʵѾ˼ǰİҲ͵ȥշתأĵǱĺܣ㲻ЩԹޡ

ƾʲôأ
ֻѰɽˮĵطԼƽӣ˼ȴܲϷŹ

֮䲻ûþۺɢҪѩϼ˪

ǲؾǣб˭˻ʳ˼ٸӳĻᡣ

䵽ǰز
ǿŷӲĴһ˲両ֵͷԼסˡ

ϤˮԣڴҲƽءСȴܵˣһģòûˡ

ڶɿڸŹ޵Ĺ㡣

ͷȥԶһ֦ҶïĹ֦ԾЩͷ
ϻϵһ졣

Ѿϰ꣬ƹֽõģؽѰϵȥ³ɡ

һ۲С̣Щʱյг̣ЦŰɡ

ᷳ˶صӡ
㻹ѣȥҲ޼¡

ᳵ·˸լԺʼĥŸС̵塣

ȱǮִ󷽵úܣСԵò¿Ƿһ˼еĻѹ֡

ǰȤţҲףǿùϵ˸

󣬲֪ϵĺԵģ念ġ

ҲԵͷ죬ƳԶƺ󣬼ӿ˻ؼҵĲӣͬСЦֻ޾

ϻصУʴʱꡣ

ǽԺеʲʰ裬˳Сʶֱʫǳ׶Ȥ

ԽԽŽ¯ŲУȴԼ
ڴ˵زʶԼˣСһ飬̿ôų

˵ţС̰Գɡȥ鿴

һţŵǸϤİˡ

׵绮ӳǲҰ׵Ǵ㵵

ǣĿϣЩƣ벻ײڵóԸҽȥ𣿡






71.   71    Ϊž

71

, ǾģȴЩϡ

֪˼ͲǸ, ҲƴǰǰʢˣͨЩ˵ζ
ˮʪ޷, ȴûԵöǱ𺡣

˼ôݵλ, 뾩

˼֪ڴ˴
Ѿ㹻, շת, ûܶù˴

˼һšӦ֮, ǲغ, еֽɡûȣһ൹ȥ

˼̧סɡ, ʵǲ, Ϊλڴ˵أ

ҧŴĬ

, ӦúŶ, ˼ЦϾ, 㵱ǽѵ𣿡

Ϊ֮һ굽ͷ, Ҳֻʱ뾩

˼Դ֪ǿܻţֲ뿪ֻꡣеʶλȨͬʱ, Ҳ˹еޡ

ȵԣƲ£Ρ
˼ȵۣȴֻѧ뾩ҹѰԼĻʺ

Ǽ촽ҧѪҪԼ侲˼һʱ

շתѵ;УŴ˯ȥجмطΡμ˼ѣĿ޵üҪɱ

ʵϣ˼ƽ
㶯ŭļ󣬺ֻ˵Ƿֱõĺѣϡƽɡ

ǵ鲢û̬ȶ֪ͣϿΣ˼صظϹΪɡ

½ˣ˼ƳǱˮʪȹڣɡǱбЩһֲɵĿ˵ȥİɡ
էһ·լԺˡ

ľȻعͷĻվŵС̶ӡ

СǱǵƵʱͷ
ûƽľн˼ȻҲ⣬ֻǽͷøЩһ

֪˼ݡ
ѹ˼Ѱ

ѾԼ²⣬浽ۼС񣬻ǲɱظеġ

С¿ߵյѵźǾ䡰㲻Ҫ𡱶˴ߡ

Ƿ˺ôĹշתأһ·ϣʼͬˣⱻ˶ңȴʼδɹߵС̡
뵽Сڱݺݵͱһ

ǶǴеġӰ

ơСʶҪǰƺߺӲ˿ڣū澷£ʺˡ

ôҡǵ

һ˼֪ӰĴڡ
ΪӦЩ˸ˣδлСˡ
ȷǡòȡˡˡ

˼飬ӸǶ༸־裬ЩƵŮӣȴȻ༸

С̲ǸԸãҲǿֱˬ񣬶Ϊ˼粽붢̽ӡ

˼̧̧֣ʾС£пǣֻѧ˲ңȴǻˡ

󲻻ˡд޴йĻسȥ㻹Ǵǰǰб£׾ٵأӵĶˤķѡ
ҲˣŲԸ˼ദȥ

˼ǻе˼ȴûŭֽɡ£ͬɫúЪϢɣ̻ؾ

˵ȥأǿµ֮꣬ûκصأ˭αطҪǿ

˼ϵ̬ȣЦɲ㡣ǣǸˣͲҪõˡ
أûܰ㡣

˼¶棬Ҳ֪һǰǸͨյѰŮӣѣ

ӲӲȻУװֶΣǰҲùˡѹԣ֪вͨ
ǰϹˡ

˼ԣǵ͵͵ؿ󡣵ȵòƽϢͬ£ǣ㵱ߵÿǾ
н׹ʱһ㣬˻ԲѣЩ㡣ʱģȴȫǳû뿪

˼Ϊǵġھ٣ԼݼҵĿݺҲԳ³⡣

ȷ׼ʱңֲɱԹޡ

ЩϣϲУͷΪžһߵʱ

һ֪衣
˼ʧص͹鷿ʱڲ࣬˵׼飬޵ɱҲ˵

ǲڡ

ԹԵطйãɵǽ֮Уƣ

ĴƬµֱۣѪӿ͸˺ĻֽʵĻصؽװ롣

ٺ˼ʰ鷿

ˤĻƿһģһĻסʼܵȰ踴λ˺ĻԶǵıʴµġ
뷽跨άϵʱģ

Թ޹ǷŲǡ

ɱңڡ

߸ϣάġҪʸ˷ʤȴûľû취ǰϲˡ

Ȼڸвʡ

룬ܹȥ꣬ԼǶ˵üͬ˵ҪľͺܺáģЩӣԶ׼Ũذ⡣
Ƕʱ⣬ŴҲò䱦

ΣҪߣºҲáǰݹصķޣܸðͷϣͬͬѨ

˼ԹԵؽž£ǴĺޣҲִ

µ˵ʲôûá
˵ҲͽװףʵûҪѿࡣ

Ҵǰǿǰ㰮ң˼ֿԳƵҡͷЦ룬ȻҲûʲôֻҪߣܼž͹ˡ

ǳĬ˻һԲػ˷С

˼ıӰЦȥɫ

¶ƵĹˮͷ֪ѾʪһƬг˳й޵Ĺ㡣

˼ȡһС֦𻨣ϸСɫࡣ
Ӷɿڹʱµġǲգǹʹù

˾ʱУ˿˵ԼҪعʱûе⣬ֻŸ뿪Žˡ

ֻϧˮ˹Ҳزȥˡ






72.   72    涯ǣǡ

72

˼ô

ԽԽ, ˷磬ء
ڴߵСԣԺе, ˼ľ޴ȥãȻ

һʱ벻ʲôĺ÷ӡ

ɫװȥ, ǲûֱСյ, һƬڵ֮в˵

С̶˶, ûǰǰؽСƽ㡱, Ҳ֪ϲʺ, ԥƬ̺СѾպ, ٻǳԵɡ

ƳС̵ΣĿ, ׾ٵؿε

ϸСʵĻˡ
ֻԴ˺޷, ͷϸ룬ʵмѭ

ǲɫĥ, Ӧ

ô, ҲٸԼȥϾֽ, ¡

йӳʱǲû, Լ˼ͬ÷ʱ򡣵ܿ͵һԲӣ漴̿ӻҡ

һҹû˯ãշת, ֱʷǰףǿЪ˻

˼ûȥʰõԷ佫һ
һţǷȥ죬Ҳ͸೤ĺ

˯ȣڼٰ󣬱ĥȴͷһ׮£֪Ǿ䣬ǱڹʱľҪЩ

ҹȵ緽ŽͣסɫԾġǱ˼ţɿȥ

ٴ;ʱ˼ͣסŲ̧ۿЩƮĺ
ѵģʵЩϵŵĺǺ⣿

ǲǣ˼̵ֿС̡

Сʵߵϰס˵ǽϵϣԸԳ

˼ǰЩȴĪ£ԸȥѰ

ϳԼǸղϵת۾ͱ˼ʵ㲻顣
ڴ˴Щʱ䣬һһ

˼ûҪͣԶȥϵ

ǲźۼͷһ
عͷŽߵ˼ʱܾӣ˺ü
̧£޷϶һϸ֦𻨣Ӧ˼ϵġ

ܺÿ˼ؿţȱժˡ

մֵĹ㣬ûͬ˼СϽϾ

˼֮ǰѾһа׵ϴ֮󣬼ŵȺѾõ죬һʱ֪˵ʲôźá

ѾµȼǣʱȦ̫ˡ

а̾˿¶εЦ
˵Ǽ˹ˣһ뵽ǰڹеӣʵǸ˲

¿ǰ֪Լ뾩󣬹з֡

ûʲôȤǹŵģҲǻˡ

ӣǲ£ȴߣֻ˵Լͱ˺·صǡ

ɾ˵Ѷڣµ˽˺һӡ

͹ʼĬĬţ
ٺҲ֪ʲôֶΣϢ˹û

ǻ빬ֱʱʶ񰾹Ѷʵʵֱ˼빬Ϣ˹

ֹ

ȷ˼ҳ
Բʲô£ȴ飬ʴ

ϦҹʱūŻһ̻𡣡˶٣ȥԼ˽£ֻת˵Լ빬󣬳̫࣬ΨõЩ𡭡

ãºͣܰҲ㲻϶⡣˼µ˾ˡ

񿴵װס
ԣѾ㹻Ҳǡ

뾩ԽԽȴʼûʵķӡ
ԣǷ·׵ĽˮֻϤʲô

紵ҵĳͷҲص룬Ǿôȥ

⻰ĵȴ˵ø档

˼һ٣֮˹ȥǣɵ¡

üδÿɷ

͹˶úţֻǵܷܷԪҸǴû˼ںһһЦ֪Ϊ𣿡

в˼̧ۿЩʧ̬

Ϊǡ涯ǣҪˡ
ص£ѹáǱҪԸٷ
԰ǣǧҡ

˼㲻ܵؿֲ̡

ǰ֮ڣؽ˵ǰͷǸ뿪͸ҶЩ˶֡

Ƿ˵ս˼

ʱ򣬱ȵ˭ĺݡ
£ݲ˼

㽫ұƵزߡҧҧ͵ôң

뾩˼·Ҫ˲١λԭϣϮеλңǹǽ¶ɱ뵽ķӶˡ
Ȼٰ˵Щɥ

˼ƵǲľԱΪʺҲΪټ󾩳ֻŵùҪˡ

ʱ뵽гһգǿĻ

˼ӿϤĶʹû¶ֻЦǣҪˣǲ³ġ

ǵȷơ
ûɱˣͷʱ˶

ôһ졭Ҳˡ˼ϵ磬˼һϣһԽԽá

Ŀ֣Ի˷С

ĻվҪǸĶɿڡ
˼ѾźýӦˣһ´ͣظϻԳй

ҲΪݣֻ˵ԼȻʺģ£ʶعС

ʱһжԻع졣

Դӱ˼ǿд룬Ǿû˯Ⱦҹò˯ΰѼ˲е졣
ʱѹ˴ҴҸ˼

ǴʱҲ˲֮϶ʵˮˣ

ǡ˼߬ڴ֮дУҾţҪˡ

˭

̫ˡҰĵңûܸϾɱ˼ֹͷ鿪Цֶⲹ˾䣬㡣

Զԡ

ɭϣǻ첻ȥֻڴʱ⡣˼߬սЩ¡

˼Ǻ޷黹ǱԤϵҪֲ١

ˮˡԭԮȴٳδ
˼ɫأϣ˱õСҪҹɫӳ뿪

ҹ󣬽һ㱡

ֽűϥһҲ˵ź£䣬΢΢

˼ǲܡ
˼Ҫǣ˵һ룬ȴɿҪż

˼ͷۣҪţߡ

еңҹɫãֻҪԶЩްֻҪεҪ֧穡

ŲЩӲ壬лŲ⡣

ʱڶɿˮԲǲڻ¡ۼɣҪϤ

ǿԼǲʱ|ѹȥֻרĻ

ֻҪԶЩԶЩܰȻˡ
š

н뿪ʱмˮСһζ¡

˼ǻûӦʲôƺ

£ᵽߵѪʱ֪ʶ˼Ϊ֧

ҹɫ֮п˴ִֻ˿ûʲô󰭡






73.   73    룬Խˡ

73

˼
ǵ, Ƕˣܴܲһա

ǿвصʱ, ȴ棬·ñԼҪ

˼ִԲЩ̿ѹûпɳ֮, ᱻⳡɱ֮УҲˡ

˼֮, һˡ

ҹ֮п, Ƿһ, մȵѪ, Ҳ֮˿˵ֱ, ûҪ

ˡǱһ飬ҴĨ˰Ѷϵĺ, 

˼͵Ӧպ, ŷ鿴Լˡ
ͨҽûҩ, ãã֮ʲôѰ, ҲֻԵĴˡ

˼ͷβûڣֻصĺ, Ӧڽʹ

㡭ͷʵ£¹, нŲܳŶã

֪
˵˴ҪǳٳٵòΣҲܻ
˼û˻Ȼ, ˿ʵ˵ǣ㲻Ŷ𣿡

˴󶼱ֲܻۣ˼ȴû˼ɣ·𻹴Ц⣬·ֻҪǼֵø˵¡

û⣬ͬ͡

֪ûԭңʹȻֻҪǵȴ֮ͽܺݲġ˼Ǻ½ϾˣԹԵ˵˻̾Ҳ֪˵Ӳ

ûҪȴôԭ

ɲܽһƬ󴬵ĵƻʧԵƣϯЩϥҪһ

ʵóɱң˼ҹĻ࣬·صΪ㣬ʱֻҪȥӽһ˰ˡ

ǳײͷһţҪôԼȥҪôͱ졣

ɱ飬ġ
СҲɱɱ㣬ʱֽܶ˼ȥҲͲˡ

˼ͣ
ûãֿڵǣ˵˵ɡ

Ѿûʲô΢紵ɢһ̾ͻ˯ȥҲѲ

ֻ֮޻˵˻ѵĴ֡

˼Ц
ڿǿΪءʵǷ̡

ʵҲͦõģ߸ϣȨơӦоСвûζͱϹˡ

ϲȫķӣʲôҪʲôò
Ǻúйţ䵽⾳أֵ𣿡

˼ȴһǻȥѰ㡣

ǶʱԼĻֶ˵ˣͬѼʵûʲô˼Բ

ҹɫˣ˼Ϣ΢Ŀɢ΢ؿǱģûѰۡ

е㲻۲СǶæǰæϤϣнľȴᶼΪ

ʵ˵ЩҶףֻǡ˼ţѵЦû˵꣬غۡ

룬Խˡ
١ãܡҲշת࣬ð
Ҳͦá

͸ˮƯ̲Ľ֮޴
Щ·ֻ֮ʣǶˡ

յġ






74.   74    Щİޣĵ

74

ǲ֪Լ˶, ع漴š

Զдʻ˰, ǿҪȥ
ãܵþˡ

ԷҲߵ, ԽԽǿ崬˺, Ǵ㵣񣿡

ڹ֮ǰ, ǲȷ⴬ǵ, Ҳ, ܻ׷ɱ˼ˡ
ͨ, ʱҲֻϵù
ôûϵ˾ǻ

ĿɨѪ˼, ϣ޴󰭺, ɫԻʱǰȥæ

ֽű, Ż񷽲վ, ȵô

ȻѰʥϡ̽̽˼ıϢ˿, ϱҩҲжҽ, ӦܾȻ

ľȻӦûٶʡ

ЩٻŻı̺Ȳ˻, ŽҲʼĥµΡ
˼ѹҪصǰ

ǿ˼񿪿ڵǡعΪ˴¡

ãȻ֪񾿾ʲôӣȰ˼

ǰ񲻼빬ƶ·ʱǾ֪˳ҪԼֻǻᣬҲûٸס

ʥһ˵װɡڹһ˱Ȳ裬һҹӦҲˣЪЪɡ

ƿˮС

ʱƯꡣһá  
ֱ֪˼Ϣ

ŵǸܸϵشһڶչ黹ǲˡ

ǴӦΪҳ𣬽óҼڸ³¼С

¼ΪĹ飬˵ԼҲ¡
ؾЩԾ˳ϲȥһֱ˶ʮǰһ׮£ƴճ˵ࡣ

Ѱף½Τ

ԹʹʧӺ󣬹ٻеɶû˳Ҫôḁ̊́ҪôѲһʬȵ֣ԹĻΣ齵ݵš

кΪصޣ㲻š
ͬ뷽跨ؽϢڳ»ʺĬ£һؽСͳ

ֱ˼ؾڣ²Ž¶ǰȻ󲨡

۷׷ףû֪ⱳʵһ㡣

̡ݶϲû©ǽǽһĹ⾰ΤʱԺƿأᵱ

û
ᷳ˴ǰ·Ϊ뾭ѵ뷨ƾͼơ

ӣѰ˸ͬճӤշתСͳʱһ֣Ϣ˸è̫ӡ

̫£˵Ǳ󹬸Ʒˡ

ķˡ
ȵۣҲ޻ʼһѣҪ뷽跨رȥ

ݻߣǧ
Сڶʮǰ֮Уݼң֡ڡϻλˣѹѪ
ȵ۵ΪԢ⡰áǴش

δ꣬˼ѾµȥɫȻʱΪҰܡŭҪʣ죬ȴʲôû˵ڣݼѪӿ

ѾƫУֻǲϰˡ

ôأ
ЩʱʱԼĳҲȵۣΪ󶼻ڴˡΨһڵǼ꣬ڹ򣬶š͢ǳϦദ
뾩̤˲·

¾ʱйԥ
ҪΪһ屨Ҫȵʧְĵ¸λҲҪ֤ԼڻӦ³¾Լ

ˡ˼֣Ĩȥ͢ĺۼҲǽнԶֱѣصء

ɵͷһʼǴġ

˵ݣΪ˵ĶԹŲɵˣŲɵΡ
ȻŪΨһ䱦

ЩİޣĵЦ






75.   75    ͬΪı

75

, ʼδڡ
ЩѾ㡰ʶ㡱ˣɱ֮º

, ʶƫͷȥϵ˼

ҹļδȥ˼ȴͲõѩϼ˪ʱɫ԰, Ϣ΢񵹻, ڼȻʱ, һ
, ʧ, ˵

ȥȻ, ߸ϵĵת˲֮ƶ˵֮С
ԽݵԽ, ҲԽ

⼸꣬ϲͬЦ, 縡ơӰʱؿ, ֪жЦ

Ħϵ
˼ʹ, ҲЩӺζɳĬ, ջĿ⡣

Թ˼Ҳ޹˼, ܷܷԪвԼʱ޲˲źá

£ЩԹ޶ɢˡ

ҿ࣬˼總֮, ҹѪļ˸Ϊ
Ƥϵʹϵһ죬ɴȴעĥһӣΪ֮ȥجΡ

˼֮䣬͵Ϊֹˡ

һҼž֮УҪ뿪ȴ˳ס䡣عͷ˼ڵĿЩ

ǡ˼΢Ƶػһ󣬽Ӳͣ֪˵ʲôˡ

Ҳ֪Լǣ

Ҵ˷ἰ£Ҫͬʥס̾˿֮Ľ֣ʥϴپߺԶȥҽؿƿֱ֤ݴײ
֮Ȩĵ

׮һͱȥ֪ǣˡ¶ˣȻܳ˼Щδؼ
ԲŻһֱ
˼ѰǣתأҲԴΪǣơ

֪¸ϵ˼ȴܲˣ߬ǵ䣬Ҫ˵Щʲôڱû֮ǰץסһݡ

Ŵķ˻
׵ضϴ˶˼㣬ֻǼ˼ϣͳ֮Ŀ飬Ѳˡ

˼δ뾩ֻǳ¾δţӦǰƽȴõӣѾ˺ӣֵģ˼δƣڹУ޿޲ɵعš
ƫƫô֮Уߵ˽յزǽѡ

Ȼ컯ŪˣȴܾƵ棬Ҳ޷˴ˣԾһЦ֮

ǽ˼߬ŵгߣź˷˺ѷεĿԣչ黹ûͷ

ˮڴϣɽ
ǿУԼԪ뾩յΣֻŻ

ƷīٽɫѾװյϸ

ǵ˵ͷʾԼˣûЩʲô

£ʲô㣿

ûá

롣̸ֲ֪ŵֱߡ

ƫͷ˼µֹ

ǰֻǴɡϾ˼У빬Ѱˣ˸Ӵš
룬˳ϲ鵽ô࣬˳йϵġ

΢𿴳ԥ˸߰˷֣ҡͷЦǹȥˣ˼桭ǰ˵ҲҪǰˡ

Ҳáǳ˿

س˿طЪϢõɻŲյ˼˵̫ǲҲ֪֮£

⡭ͻɻסˣΪô˵

µġ˿Ȳ裬ɢ⣬¾ðհӳ˵ǽ˴ƽݼң治¶·𣿡
˼Ѱ֤ݣҲѲµڱֽš

Ǿ˼ϽƳ¼ңʭӶ˲˵¾֪˼߬ʱҪİѱ޿֣

һѪĴѰ붼롣
ĪţΪ˳ȥ¼ҵ޵У¾¡

֪λ̫ûͬڣ̧ۼǡƳԶĹӰӰ´µģԼܿҴ󴬡

Ƿ²յЩ񣺡ӦѰġ

˼뿪й£󲿷ˣ˳¾˵˼ľҹǳƵϲҵĴɱܲӲ
ų¾ǵû⣬ֻǰԸп˾䡰˵ܲٲܲپ͵

˼֮У̫ҽûóȻŲſ˸ӣС׼ʩ룬æżҩˮɫء

¾ϵǿż£īɫ멣ʺ򣺡ּˡ

ǼЩη¾岻õĴţֵյȲݹȥ
㡭еŻŵɻ˼Ͳ𣿡

̫ҽԻᾡΪµҵҲûʲôô¾յԵ飬ⷴӦѾ鷳ˡ

£ŷӦ¾˵˼֮鷳ʶ̧գûôģɫҲ֮Щ衣

¾ҡͷЦۺȲ衣
ղҹɫ֮Уӳɫģ

Ƕſ˻ʵͲ棬ô𣿡

¾ֿ΢΢һЦ

㡭ԭĴ˴𰸣Ƕ˶٣Ծھȣ֪

¾֪˼ĲǻʼѪȴҪţΤİţʹóû¼ҵĳС
У˼ǸֵĹ߰ˡ
߬ŰѱҲᣬҪּ¼ҡ

ˣ˼İޣǣЩֺ󣬾صĺë
ֻǱõĴڡ

¾ԭĶŵò䣬͸ЩɲȵĲյ˶񣺡̫˿Ǻơ

¾ɫģûеķ̣ˡ

Ǳ赭д̬ҭ£һʱ䵹֪ηӦ

ĳ˵¾ǸúѵķӣΪĿģʲôǰȡᣬǵƣҲδйǳ
˼ȣ˲ʺȨ

ǣ޹ңҲ޾ӡ¾㲻ͬ
ļĴ㣬ֻЦͬΪı

ǳĬƬ̣Ǿףʵʡ

¾ִŲյһ̧ЩȻ






76.   76    ѵ˺÷͡

76

⼸չûجج, ¾˳ȥ˴źʶ, ˵ؾ򸽽ĶɿڲԶ
ֻҪյĹ򣬾ִܵ

ǰ˼˼й¶ټ, ѹһ磬ֻܶءҲ, ѹϵǿʯͷŲˡ

Ĵ, ʱӦ㡣

Ǿˡ
֣µͬл, Ϊ֮, ҲΪôİ

ûл, ·ضࡣ
ʩЩ⣬Ļر, ˵һˡ
, ܾſǷ˻

޵ͬļط֮, ȴ䶼ûἰ, ̬ºֿƣദ崺硣  

ŵ, ֻҪϰңġ˼˸߰˷, ΪЩӦӦֵģͬҿ
Щ˶, ҶԣδһҪر

һʼ֪Լ֮䲢޿ܣҲδǿڿ˼ǰ֮
֦ͷԶۣʱмŵĶǺõģܺùǿۣһͿ

ҹˣȥЪϢɡЦԵٻᣬҺȱưɡ

Ҳ֮Цü䣬ЩʱΪĵʱ̣ǾһΪ

ҹ˼񻯣̫ҽ˲亹ԸϸտòѰ˸Уȥ¾ػ

֪ģʥһֱȻʺΪĲ̫ҽŴǣСҲȫȻֻлҲǸ룬ܵ
һֱǸ룬ɢһ

¾£Щ̫ҽ˼˵˼ҡǲԼû־ٺõҩҲα겻αλ٢Ҳδܾȵû

֪ˡ¾ŶǵѨ˻˽ֽ̫ҽĻ֪ʥ̣Ҫңֻ±߾Ҳ𶯵

סü˼ǡ

¾ҲȦӣֱ˵˵δã廹ϵˣƹȥ԰ɡ
֪ԼĻδãȰģҲֻл

¾Ҳ֪ⷨδãҪԲźá

䲻̫ҽôƣڹ˽˼ôûˡȺҵп׵õģҲգעѹ˼ϡ

ػһԲվ˻ת뿪

Ǵ˯֮бѵġ
˸˸ɿķ٣ߵ鷢ɢţ֮

ͬװףԼҲԥƬ̺ڻ˼ķȥ

̫ҽϵǣһʶҪ񣬱ˡ

Ҫôǿżɽʵ

ʥ仹ڻ֮УǺʶ̫ҽԼҲõ׼ֻҽֻҪԱͬʥ˵˵ͺãǡ
ǣЩ˵

̫ҽòر˼δÿɷ񣬿ϵ˼

ȵԵʣ¶ߵļŲ̬ĺ졣
ô˾ҲѲƵġ

̫ҽʩһźĹ˳ȥֻʣˡ

ŷŨصĿҩζڴ£ֶ˼˻ѵؿ˿ڡ

̫ҽ˼ǣͬ˵Щģ㡣ǽµĶѹڶԹԵ˵ڡ
˵ѹȥҲŰɣ
ԣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôɡ

ɿڳ´һУһۼµ˼
˼ʱڲУȴԵǱº͵ı²롣ֻװ׬ǮĹʹض£ʶ֮ǰѾ˾䡰ҪҪæ

ʱδ˻ףδϵ뾩֡

񻰱˵ֻöã

˵Ų£ŵĲǵҡǵ֮Уھе£ңȲȫȫ㣬ҲֵΡ
ѧͬ˹Ķǡ䣬Ҳ赶ɱˣɫڲƭ㡭ȥԼ˵׼ʲôģ

ʱ˼̲סģԼгһҲǱĬбĿȫǣż롣

̫˵ң뵽˵ĹǲԾ֣߬潫ǿдعȥʱգ֡

ǰ㣬򼵺޶޹֣ҲŹ˼
ʱҪֵһĵزˡ

ǰܺãǰҲܺãͽǻҸԵļУ˭Ҳˡ

Ƕ϶ؽԼͷɫĿĵؽӰ˵顣

ΪأͷûɾʲôǴ֣֪Լ뷨Щ￴ܿЦ˼䲢ˣԹԵνֻ֣ͬ𣿡

Щǰǲͬ˼ģֻἰĲá

˼żˡ
ܵزγ¾ֳ¼ҶҲڰѳ¾ĿƣΪϧƽַݼҡ
پ֮УԶ׼˽ġ

ǰԶŷգΪôɵ˱ߣ̾˿Ϊεϸλ󣬲ܶͷ񣿡
ôȥˣֲ֪жꡭ

ȵȣ˼ƵǸǰġ͢ȣҲֻᵽˡ

߶߶˵ã֮˽齲µľƣۼɫѾ׼ʱȴ˼΢΢һ
ۣǲԼۻˣּ˼۽΢ʮּѵ

Ҳ֪̫ҽҩЧãЩֽ¿߶

ô˵ôǰˡ

Ծܽ˿Ҫ̫ҽ͹˽źȴ˼ǣס䡣

ʱѹûʲôֻҪ˦

ǽ仺شгأ˵˰ҹЩɳƣһ䡣

ʱգѵ˺÷ͺúõأϸĵɡ






77.   77    Ҳزȥʱѡ

77

ʱ, ϵĹ𻨿ʢͣ·϶մȾǳ

زٴɴ, ŴǱ´ڶɿھͱ˳

ƹò, ǵδȥ˰
ܹŶɿڵĹͷ

ͣסŲ, ˼, ŲԶ̯ȥ

̯, ֽŲ, Ҳ, Ǻܿϳ

ѾͷˣΪ˼Ƭ±, ͰĻ͸Щǣе, ôôЩöಹС

̯ڶɿڸ˼ʮ꣬ʱʼڴ, ʮǻ, 뾩ûˡ
ǰԪʱһ, û¶͵͵ġ

ϤĶ, ֻзᣬźۼذ˰βЦлš

ϳǰҲܺ, ֮˷ʤؼҵһ·ϱźü

ߵͻȻ֪޼Ȼ磬ʱⲻ˱ʶ

δʲôȥģԵ֬ԹѰźģʱ¿ŵġ
ɱأҲ͢ںδô磿

˴ǰĸܺã˲֪ЩıʣдһҲϺ

˵Ѿ룬ֻۡ˸һݵĴ𸴣ֻ˵Ƿʱ˲ãӢˡ

ʵô˵ҲϾû͢ˡ

𸴣ˡڰ˳䡱󣬶֪ʶȤֹסٶʡ

ԺоֵĻ˴룬Ĳݴδס˵˺һҳԾ뿪ʱΣҲ洦ɼ͢µĺۼ

鷿ű߿˻޴ֵĸо

ʲôûϢ˳ȥꡱһŻϵºϣû򿪹

һᣬʰ׵󣬱㿪ʼزپҵǰ
ܵڣ鷳Щ㲻϶ѡ

ƫػ죬æµ֮У𽥽ǵķ֮Ժ󣬺ٻ˻¡
żἰֻƬϣҲˡ

װշת˸Ԫ˷ţԼĽýԪܷܷٵǡ

ϦգǸƺͰ﹤Ƕط˼١ŹţƵػؼȥ׼ҹ

˵ֻԼǲû£ðøʽŴǾӭ£ҪС
ĥǴ׻ǺյģȴԶԶţǰͣ

˼ʱȹ˹

£ϳܷܷ֮־ϲſֽ˱˸ЦôʱҲǰ֪һ䣿

ܷܷۣʱź󣬾ʱʰˡ

ԪԭҲһκֵڣԶţֻܷܷ˷ţ˵ǵ档

ܷܷţڹñԤ֮Щ
ܷܷ﹤ʢɫ˵ľ㲻϶ãڼҲ˼ɣŷֱĽſһء

ȵҹǧ򻧱

ǰ·Щ̻һŶ䣬һŻӣСؽߵȼܵ£üؿը̻𡣡

ܷܷһЩЦ⡣

ϲԸù߾ྡǵӹ˳˳ˮ

ǰʱרȥĹְݣûʲôͽҵ鷳
ܷܷϢֽдԼ˭Ҳûš

һϸı
ܷܷʱصͬǿ˸һģҲὲЩ飬ﰵؿ

ǿܷܷϵ˼ЩЦãֲ֪Ծȥˡ

ڵ֪Ϣд˷ʺһĻЩزС⡣

긵ȥӾ˶϶

ǰŵȽ󣬻ȥ
ٳδȥҲδ߹ֻǻͬ飬ĻɫȤ˿˲ĳ

ΪˣǻܷܷͬЦ˵׹󣬴ȥдμǣضܺ岻ˡ

˰ţյزװһ䡣

ͨ·С
̼ԵϢٶ˼Ҫץסѵʱ

ϵһλнҵĸ̣ǰ˵ͷרǲǰȥ̽飬ͬ

ãյһźö⡣

ɢȥת

ʰ׵ܷܷ̣׼⣬˳ķ⣬ǲ縵˵ã

*

ʱڣգ֦ͷĹ𻨱ˮ䣬̴档

˲ٹҲֵ֪ԵʻˮԵʣܾżϼпúá
ֱʵΣ˼ʶʵҲûʲôͬ

ϤլԺۼ߲

˼֪ͻסҲ֪Ѿ뿪˵أΪҪ˵ءԼ˵
ˡ

˼Կףӵ뾩зģ׹Ÿ͵ССƽᣬǵֱʡ

Կײ|ѾЩ˻򣬲ŽѾõĴűٴδ򿪡
Ŀߡ

йĿ
ǾŪĻʣ޼ԺݵѼҲҡҡ׹鷿ù顢д֣߰ڵİ״ɴƿһʱеġ

̻ᣬźĻҳ֮У͸Щ¡

˼Ծط׹ǷԺ˼

˴Ĵ˶ȹĺʱ⣬Ҳš͢ˡ

Ǽ꣬Ͼڴˡ

ȥ޼֪ߣû˽˭
ֻܶŲԼգǸʮǰСӻȥ

Ϊۡ

С̣

˼ʱѭȥϳλţɫԻ͡

㡭˶ھӣҲ֪ǰѾ뿪żԺϵ򿪣ŽԺ쿴
ĺɫĺϣ˼ģ󣬾ɻ󲻽⣺ǲ˵Ѿ

ֹ˼ʱ׹

ң˼˶٣ֻǿѰ˸ڣ˴£ѹ

Ǵǰĸܺã㣬żɫȻǴǰĹ⾰㾿ʲô
ܽ˵ѾĻ

˼죬ֹסؿ֮н֦ͷ׹ĿҶ
̫ҽ˭ҲҶᣬԼףѷǳ֮ˡ

Ǽ꣬ƶİд״顢˾ƽҲ¡Ǳˣ̣ҪôȰǻŰ˵˵ͣ

˼šһշްն֪֮䷢ʲôǼ֮˵׼ʲôᡣ
ˣܡƾԲ

˼һԽҹ󣬰ֽҵ˼ûˡˣҲԡ

ģӦҵֻƬҡҡͷҪһ˵ء

żˣ̾˿ˣˡ
˵ת뿪Ƶţôᵽز

ôᵽزĥ˼⡣

ԻعڽŰŵߵҹ˼ֿܣҹλ֮ʣֶ˿ա
޴ʹ࣬еǵȴֽ̰

ټ޵֮УżҲεӵȵۣǹǸõζ֮ȥȵ۵ŻǵۣǡλҳӣһջǴ

ǳķУϤĴϣ˼£ѵ밲˯һҹ

ڶһ磬
͸ѩɫû붬ҹȴ˲ϸƵıѩ

˼ϵλĺ֮ɿȥ죬͸Ź¼š

°ããһƬʱ
ֻأҲЦȻĹͬͬˡ

۳Ͷ٣ʥ壬ȥסҪһΪ˻˯һеİԴ⣬̲סֹ

δ䣬ͱԱСĹһš

С̿ԺѾ٣ǵͥԺǿеѼܣ˵Լҵĺʺҹ
ۼѼܣȴټǸȤġƽ㡱ˡ

Ҳزȥʱ󼰵ˣѹ

*

ѩô˵ֽܷܷ˼ƬѩſߣһеǸпƣӦǳѩˡƽ㣬㲻Ҫϳ𣿡

ԭг̣͸õˡ
ֻ·Щ鷳ͣЩʱգټһ·ɽˮʳûż·һֱϵڡ

ѧһ·Ǽ졣
ԼƵģۣԶǽϿŵĲԾ֣˿ЪϢˡ

쵽𣿡
ܷܷ̽ͷԴеԶȥûü壬ȱѩۡ

̧£ؽ˸سУʲôأ

ܷܷڨڨЦ̽ʵв˵ڴ˳פ𣿡

ƳһۣЦæֲ֪ҺղŵѲ㻹Ϊڳż

˵׼ֹܷܷ˾䣬ֵ˿ϲɳ

سͷ˵ǡԺ֡Щ·ʳ˲ڳϣԱ·Ͻ
ڡ

ҧɣȫ磬ʼǰúȥ
ķѩ죬ʺϲˡ

д˴øʢơ

Žյش㣬һ̧ۣȴʶΣɵסˡ

θ뵱ھʱҪԵøΪ緢ǳ
Ⱥ֮Ҳһۼš

࿴˼Ц⣬ǣԶ׼ڴԵòȡ

Ҿ˵ɡܷܷЦš

ԣǻع󣬴ŸȥߣǳԷȥ

ѩɢЦĻߵ

--





صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

